scholarly journals Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced acute emphysema through bacterial secretion in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajie Zhu ◽  
Shuming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Emphysema ◽  
Lung Injury Model ◽  
Dynamic Lung Compliance ◽  
The Right

AbstractPulmonary emphysema is the major pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the pathogenesis of emphysema is still not completely understood, but until now a bacterial cause has not really been considered. Recently, we found that the secretion from Pseudomonas aeruginosa could cause severe lung emphysema in mice rapidly. Since the bacterium is ubiquitous and secrets proteases, we hypothesized that direct P. aeruginosa airway infection would have a similar effect. To address this issue, we applied a unilateral lung injury model. First, we observed the dynamic pathophysiology change of acute emphysema. P. aeruginosa secretion was extracted and instilled intratracheally into the left lungs of C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ mice, while the right lungs were saved as self-control. Alveolar diameter and lung compliance were measured. Later, we tested the effect of P. aeruginosa inoculation in normal C57BL/6 mice, immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice, and C3H/HeJ (TLR4 deficient) mice. P. aeruginosa secretion extract caused acute panacinar emphysema and decreased dynamic lung compliance. Different types of emphysema are transformable. However, the P. aeruginosa infection could only elicit emphysema in immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice and C3H/HeJ mice, indicating that normal immunity is essential to protect the hosts from emphysema. Emphysema induced by P. aeruginosa in mice recapitulates all the main features of human emphysema and COPD. Our finding filled a major gap in COPD pathogenesis. We believe P. aeruginosa is the underlying cause of COPD.

scholarly journals Ventilation and respiration mechanics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different body positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Al. Ju. Dish ◽  
An. Ju. Dish ◽  
T. S. Ageeva ◽  
A. L. Karzilov ◽  
A. V. Teteneva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Dynamic Lung Compliance

The aim of this work was to study changes in mechanical lung properties in cases of COPD in general and in different zones depending on the body position.Materials and methods. The research was performed in 37 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the vertical and horizontal positions (VP and HP).Results. The analysis of integral respiration mechanics has revealed a reduction in dynamic lung compliance and an increase in total non-elastic lung resistance during expiration (TNRexp) in HP vs. VP. At the same time, despite the increase in TNRexp in HP, the total work of breathing did not increase. Unlike healthy individuals, the COPD patients were characterized by the absence of differences in regional mechanical properties in both VP and HP. There were no differences in the respiration mechanics of the left lung, and the zones of the right lung only differed in the parameters of regional non-elastic work of breathing (NWBr ) that was increasing from top downwards: the indicators of NWBr during expiration and NWBr in the lower zone were higher as opposed to those of the upper zone in VP. As for HP, NWBr during inspiration, NWBr during expiration and NWBr were higher.Conclusion. The data obtained contradict the prevailing opinion about an escalation in regional differences in ventilation and respiration mechanics under the influence of emerging focal and diffuse inflammatorysclerotic pathological changes in lungs and emphysema. 

CONDITION OF HEMODYNAMICS IN THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) CONCURRENT WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME WITH HYPERTROPHY AND ATROPHY OF THE MYOCARDIUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1491-1493
Author(s):  
Viktor P. Boriak ◽  
Svitlana V. Shut’ ◽  
Tetiana A. Trybrat ◽  
Olena V. Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Ventricular Myocardium ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Right

Introduction: In recent years, COPD is observed as not an isolated, but an associated pathology, in particular, concurrent with metabolic syndrome. The aim of the research is to identify the differences in changes of the rheopulmonography parameters (RPG) depending on the presence of hypertrophy or atrophy of the right ventricular myocardium in patients with COPD concurrent with metabolic syndrome.. Materials and methods: We studied changes in rheopulmonography (RPG) in 145 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) concurrent with metabolic syndrome. Results: We detected precapillary hypertension of the pulmonary circulation in patients with right ventricular myocardial hypertrophy: anacrotism serration; flattened peak of the systolic wave; decreased Vcp; high placement of incisura; horizontal course of catacrotism; decreased amplitude of the systolic wave (in this case, due to a greater increase in the resistance of the blood flow in the pulmonary vessels than the decreased impact volume of the right ventricle); prolonged Q-a (in this group of patients, it depends more on hypertension of the pulmonary circulation than on the reduction of contractile function of the myocardium). In atrophy of the right ventricular myocardium, the following changes in the RPG were revealed: decreased systolic wave at its dramatic rise; prolonged Q-a (in this case, due to the weakened heart contraction); Vmax reduction (it reflects the reduction of myocardial contractility); in hypertrophy of the myocardium, Vcp., unlike RPG, does not decrease, which is explained by the decrease in the pressure of the pulmonary circulation. Conclusions: We believe that these changes in RPG allow differentiating hypertrophy and right ventricular myocardial atrophy along with established diagnostic criteria, and can be used as markers for the diagnosis and treatment of COPD concurrent with metabolic syndrome.

The state of the cardiovascular system in occupational bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, not associated with the impact of harmful industrial factors

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav S. Lotkov ◽  
Anton Vladimirovich Glazistov ◽  
Antonina G. Baykova ◽  
Marina Yuryevna Vostroknutova ◽  
Natalia E. Lavrentieva
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Occupational Lung Diseases ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The formation and progression of chronic dust bronchitis and chronic bronchitis of toxic-chemical etiology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is accompanied by an increase in the degree of ventilation disorders, echocardiographic signs of hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle are formed, typical for chronic pulmonary heart disease. The progression of disturbances in the function of external respiration in dusty lung diseases leads to a decrease in myocardial contractility. The detection of hemodynamic disturbances at the early stages of the development of occupational lung diseases indicates the need for individual monitoring of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in the process of contact with industrial aerosols, especially in groups of workers with long-term exposure.

scholarly journals INFECTIOUS EXACERBATION OF BRONCHIECTASIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH CEFTRIAXONE/SULBACTAM/DISODIUM EDETATE-1034 (ELORES™)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Parag Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Disodium Edetate

ABSTRACTBronchiectasis is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, defined as permanent abnormal dilation of bronchi due to vicious cycle of transmuralinfection and inflammation. Bronchiectasis is generally characterized by cough, wheeze, and dyspnea. Pathogens responsible for bronchiectasisinclude pathogens Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and nontuberculousmycobacteria. Empirical antibiotic therapy and other drugs are used empirically in the management of bronchiectasis.Here, we discuss a case ofinfectious exacerbation of bronchiectasis successfully treated with an empirical use of ceftriaxone/sulbactam/disodium edetate-1034.Keywords: Bronchiectasis, Elores™, Ceftriaxone/sulbactam/disodium edetate-1034, Disodium edetate, Antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Preeminently Mediates Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa In Vivo via CD18-Dependent Phagocytosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomkuan Theprungsirikul ◽  
Sladjana Skopelja-Gardner ◽  
Ashley S. Burns ◽  
Rachel M. Wierzbicki ◽  
William F. C. Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Lung Infection

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection mysteriously occurs in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis (BE), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the absence of neutrophil dysfunction or neutropenia and is strongly associated with autoimmunity to bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI). Here, we define a critical role for BPI in in vivo immunity against P. aeruginosa. Wild type and BPI-deficient (Bpi-/-) mice were infected with P. aeruginosa, and bacterial clearance, cell infiltrates, cytokine production, and in vivo phagocytosis were quantified. Bpi-/- mice exhibited a decreased ability to clear P. aeruginosa in vivo in concert with increased neutrophil counts and cytokine release. Bpi-/- neutrophils displayed decreased phagocytosis that was corrected by exogenous BPI in vitro. Exogenous BPI also enhanced clearance of P. aeruginosa in Bpi-/- mice in vivo by increasing P. aeruginosa uptake by neutrophils in a CD18-dependent manner. These data indicate that BPI plays an essential role in innate immunity against P. aeruginosa through its opsonic activity and suggest that perturbations in BPI levels or function may contribute to chronic lung infection with P. aeruginosa.

Non-Invasive Ventilation in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosei Valentin-Caius ◽  
Borcea Corina-Ioana ◽  
Zaharie Ana-Maria ◽  
Mihaltan Florin-Dumitru ◽  
Deleanu Oana-Claudia
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Right

The benefit of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remains controversial. However, there is increasingly more evidence of NIV efficiency, especially high-flow NIV. This review presents the old and the new evidence of NIV effectiveness in stable COPD, considering pathophysiological arguments for NIV in COPD. Guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and crossover studies included in review and metaanalysis based on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) have been analyzed. The role of NIV in rehabilitation and in palliative care and the role of telemedicine in relation with NIV are still up for debate. Challenges in choosing the right device and the optimal mode of ventilation still exist. There are also discussions on the criteria for patient inclusion and on how to meet them. More studies are needed to determine the ideal candidate for chronic NIV and to explain all the benefits of using NIV.

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