scholarly journals A reduction in voluntary physical activity during pregnancy in mice is mediated by prolactin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Ladyman ◽  
K.M. Carter ◽  
Z. Khant Aung ◽  
D. R. Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Prolactin Receptors ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Wheel Activity

AbstractAs part of the maternal adaptations to pregnancy, mice show a rapid, profound reduction in voluntary running wheel activity (RWA) as soon as pregnancy is achieved. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that prolactin, one of the first hormones to change secretion pattern following mating, is involved in driving this suppression of physical activity levels during pregnancy. We show that prolactin can acutely suppress RWA in virgin female mice, and that conditional deletion of prolactin receptors (Prlr) from either all forebrain neurons or from GABA neurons prevented the early pregnancy-induced suppression of RWA. Deletion of Prlr specifically from the medial preoptic area, a brain region associated with multiple homeostatic and behavioural roles including parental behaviour, completely abolished the early pregnancy-induced suppression of RWA. Our data demonstrate a key role for prolactin in suppressing voluntary physical activity during early pregnancy, highlighting a novel biological basis for reduced physical activity in pregnancy.

scholarly journals A reduction in voluntary physical activity in early pregnancy in mice is mediated by prolactin

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon R Ladyman ◽  
Kirsten M Carter ◽  
Matt L Gillett ◽  
Zin Khant Aung ◽  
David R Grattan
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Prolactin Receptors ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Wheel Activity

As part of the maternal adaptations to pregnancy, mice show a rapid, profound reduction in voluntary running wheel activity (RWA) as soon as pregnancy is achieved. Here, we evaluate the hypothesis that prolactin, one of the first hormones to change secretion pattern following mating, is involved in driving this suppression of physical activity levels during pregnancy. We show that prolactin can acutely suppress RWA in non-pregnant female mice, and that conditional deletion of prolactin receptors (Prlr) from either most forebrain neurons or from GABA neurons prevented the early pregnancy-induced suppression of RWA. Deletion of Prlr specifically from the medial preoptic area, a brain region associated with multiple homeostatic and behavioural roles including parental behaviour, completely abolished the early pregnancy-induced suppression of RWA. As pregnancy progresses, prolactin action continues to contribute to the further suppression of RWA, although it is not the only factor involved. Our data demonstrate a key role for prolactin in suppressing voluntary physical activity during early pregnancy, highlighting a novel biological basis for reduced physical activity in pregnancy.

Association of sedentary time and physical activity levels with immunometabolic markers in early pregnancy: The GESTAFIT project

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Acosta‐Manzano ◽  
Francisco M. Acosta ◽  
Pedro Femia ◽  
Irene Coll‐Risco ◽  
Víctor Segura‐Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Reduced Physical Activity Levels Associated with Obesity in Rural Hispanic Adolescent Females

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Rodriguez ◽  
Simón E. Weffer ◽  
Jessica Romo ◽  
April Aleman ◽  
Rudy M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

scholarly journals Physical activity level of female and male adult cats before and after running wheel habituation

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn B. Detweiler ◽  
Samona Rawal ◽  
Kelly S. Swanson ◽  
Maria R. C. de Godoy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Physical Activity Measurement ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Running Wheels

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to evaluate whether access to a running wheel increases voluntary physical activity in adult female and male domestic cats. Eight neutered domestic shorthair male cats (mean age 8·6 (sd 0·05) years) and eleven intact domestic shorthair female cats (mean age 3·3 (sd 0·14) years) were group housed for 22 h daily and individually housed during the feeding period. Voluntary physical activity was measured using accelerometers. Experimental design consisted of 1 week of baseline physical activity measurement, followed by 3 weeks of wheel habituation, and 1 week of physical activity measurement post-wheel habituation. Female cat voluntary physical activity levels increased (P < 0·05) post-habituation during the dark period, resulting in an altered (P < 0·05) light:dark activity ratio, whereas male cat voluntary physical activity levels remained unchanged post-habituation. Food anticipatory activity did not differ pre- and post-habituation. However, it corresponded to a numerically greater proportion of daily physical activity for males (17·5 %) v. females (12 %). In general, female cats were more active than male cats. Habituation to a running wheel appears to be an effective method to increase voluntary physical activity of younger female cats. Thus, running wheels might be a potential strategy in the prevention or management of feline obesity.

scholarly journals Promotion of Physical Activity in Older People Using mHealth and eHealth Technologies: Rapid Review of Reviews

10.2196/22201 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. e22201
Author(s):  
Lisa McGarrigle ◽  
Chris Todd
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older People ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
English Language ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity ◽  
Review Of Reviews

Background Older people are at increased risk of adverse health events because of reduced physical activity. There is concern that activity levels are further reduced in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as many older people are practicing physical and social distancing to minimize transmission. Mobile health (mHealth) and eHealth technologies may offer a means by which older people can engage in physical activity while physically distancing. Objective The objective of this study was to assess the evidence for mHealth or eHealth technology in the promotion of physical activity among older people aged 50 years or older. Methods We conducted a rapid review of reviews using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched for systematic reviews published in the English language in 3 electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus. Two reviewers used predefined inclusion criteria to select relevant reviews and extracted data on review characteristics and intervention effectiveness. Two independent raters assessed review quality using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results Titles and abstracts (n=472) were screened, and 14 full-text reviews were assessed for eligibility. Initially, we included 5 reviews but excluded 1 from the narrative as it was judged to be of critically low quality. Three reviews concluded that mHealth or eHealth interventions were effective in increasing physical activity. One review found that the evidence was inconclusive. Conclusions There is low to moderate evidence that interventions delivered via mHealth or eHealth approaches may be effective in increasing physical activity in older adults in the short term. Components of successful interventions include self-monitoring, incorporation of theory and behavior change techniques, and social and professional support.

scholarly journals Pro-inflammatory Vascular Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Associated With High Physical Activity Cannot Be Attenuated by Aldosterone Blockade

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Schreckenberg ◽  
Annemarie Wolf ◽  
Christian Troidl ◽  
Sakine Simsekyilmaz ◽  
Klaus-Dieter Schlüter
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
High Physical Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Voluntary Running ◽  
Running Wheel Exercise ◽  
Wheel Activity

The effect of high physical activity, performed as voluntary running wheel exercise, on inflammation and vascular adaptation may differ between normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We investigated the effects of running wheel activity on leukocyte mobilization, neutrophil migration into the vascular wall (aorta), and transcriptional adaptation of the vascular wall and compared and combined the effects of high physical activity with that of pharmacological treatment (aldosterone antagonist spironolactone). At the start of the 6th week of life, before hypertension became established in SHRs, rats were provided with a running wheel over a period of 10-months'. To investigate to what extent training-induced changes may underlie a possible regression, controls were also generated by removal of the running wheel for the last 4 months. Aldosterone blockade was achieved upon oral administration of Spironolactone in the corresponding treatment groups for the last 4 months. The number of circulating blood cells was quantified by FACS analysis of peripheral blood. mRNA expression of selected proteins was quantified by RT-PCR. Histology and confocal laser microscopy were used to monitor cell migration. Although voluntary running wheel exercise reduced the number of circulating neutrophils in normotensive rats, it rather increased it in SHRs. Furthermore, running wheel activity in SHRs but not normotensive rats increased the number of natural killer (NK)-cells. Except of the increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and reduction of von Willebrand factor (vWF), running wheel activity exerted a different transcriptional response in the vascular tissue of normotensive and hypertensive rats, i.e., lack of reduction of the pro-inflammatory IL-6 in vessels from hypertensive rats. Spironolactone reduced the number of neutrophils; however, in co-presence with high physical activity this effect was blunted. In conclusion, although high physical activity has beneficial effects in normotensive rats, this does not predict similar beneficial effects in the concomitant presence of hypertension and care has to be taken on interactions between pharmacological approaches and high physical activity in hypertensives.

Abstract TP116: Effect of Voluntary Physical Activity on Circulating LG3 and Its Impact on Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifechukwude Joachim Biose ◽  
Katie E Salmeron ◽  
Anthony Parker ◽  
Ann Stowe ◽  
Gregory Bix
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infarct Volume ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Wheel Activity

Physical activity (PA) is neuroprotective. However, the mechanism for the benefit of PA prior to ischemic stroke is not well understood. Circulating LG3 levels, a 25-kDa protein fragment of brain extracellular matrix proteoglycan (perlecan), increases with PA in humans. We showed that LG3 significantly reduces infarct volume following ischemic stroke. The aim of this study is to assess whether LG3 concentration increases with voluntary physical activity in mice and to determine how circulating LG3 concentration, prior to ischemic stroke, influences outcomes. Male mice (C57BL/6J, 8-9 weeks old, 21–24 g) were randomized into sedentary control group (individually housed in motorized running wheel cages with applied brakes) and an exercise group with access to running wheels. Blood draws were collected via submental method on day 1, 7, 14 and 20 of wheel activity prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), to evaluate LG3 concentration in serum. Following three weeks of voluntary PA or sedentary condition, 25 mice (sedentary n=13, exercise n=12) underwent transient distal MCAO for 60 min and were recovered for three days. In another study, 29 mice (sedentary n=15, exercise n=14) underwent transient proximal MCAO for 60 min. Calf muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius) and brain samples were collected for histology, protein analysis, and infarct volume assessment. We show that voluntary PA significantly reduces ischemic lesion volume compared to sedentary controls, following distal MCAO (15.2±8 vs 5.3±2 mm 3 ; P<0.0001, Figure 1). The analysis of LG3 concentration, neurofunction, as well as brain and muscle samples are currently ongoing. We expect that the findings will link LG3 concentration to the volume of exercise as well as the neuroprotection it confers in the setting of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Gallo ◽  
Tania F. Gallo ◽  
Sophia L. Young ◽  
Karen M. Moritz ◽  
Lisa K. Akison
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Isolation ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in physical isolation measures in many parts of the world. In Australia, nationwide restrictions included staying at home, unless seeking medical care, providing care, purchasing food, undertaking exercise, or attending work in an essential service. All undergraduate university classes transitioned to online, mostly home-based learning. We, therefore, examined the effect of isolation measures during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (March/April) on diet (24-h recall) and physical activity (Active Australia Survey) patterns in third-year biomedical students. Findings were compared with students enrolled in the same course in the previous two years. In females, but not males, energy intake was ~20% greater during the pandemic, and snacking frequency and energy density of consumed snacks also increased compared with 2018 and 2019. Physical activity was impacted for both sexes during the pandemic with ~30% fewer students achieving “sufficient” levels of activity, defined by at least 150 min over at least five sessions, compared with the previous two years. In a follow-up study six to eight weeks later (14–18% response rate), during gradual easing of nationwide restrictions albeit continued gym closures and online learning, higher energy intake in females and reduced physical activity levels in both sexes persisted. These data demonstrate the health impacts of isolation measures, with the potential to affect long-term diet and activity behaviours.

scholarly journals Effects of a maternal high-fat diet on offspring behavioral and metabolic parameters in a rodent model

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Johnson ◽  
A. B. Javurek ◽  
M. S. Painter ◽  
C. R. Murphy ◽  
C. M. Conard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Peromyscus Polionotus ◽  
Voluntary Physical Activity ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Maternal diet-induced obesity can cause detrimental developmental origins of health and disease in offspring. Perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) can lead to later behavioral and metabolic disturbances, but it is not clear which behaviors and metabolic parameters are most vulnerable. To address this critical gap, biparental and monogamous oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus), which may better replicate most human societies, were used in the current study. About 2 weeks before breeding, adult females were placed on a control or HFD and maintained on the diets throughout gestation and lactation. F1 offspring were placed at weaning (30 days of age) on the control diet and spatial learning and memory, anxiety, exploratory, voluntary physical activity, and metabolic parameters were tested when they reached adulthood (90 days of age). Surprisingly, maternal HFD caused decreased latency in initial and reverse Barnes maze trials in male, but not female, offspring. Both male and female HFD-fed offspring showed increased anxiogenic behaviors, but decreased exploratory and voluntary physical activity. Moreover, HFD offspring demonstrated lower resting energy expenditure (EE) compared with controls. Accordingly, HFD offspring weighed more at adulthood than those from control fed dams, likely the result of reduced physical activity and EE. Current findings indicate a maternal HFD may increase obesity susceptibility in offspring due to prenatal programming resulting in reduced physical activity and EE later in life. Further work is needed to determine the underpinning neural and metabolic mechanisms by which a maternal HFD adversely affects neurobehavioral and metabolic pathways in offspring.

scholarly journals P069 Results of an online survey exploring the effects of shielding during the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA)

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meena Naja ◽  
Raj Amarnani ◽  
Madhura Castelino
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Exercise Classes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background/Aims  The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges for patients with chronic rheumatological diseases. SpA - which includes ankylosing spondylitis (AS), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and enteropathic arthritis - often affects young people who are otherwise fit and able. Many SpA patients take immunosuppressive medications and therefore were advised to shield. In view of this, we conducted a survey to better understand how shielding has affected the physical activity and symptoms of SpA patients during the pandemic. Methods  An online anonymised survey was created and advertised via social media from 4th June to 4th July 2020. Patients with SpA were invited to complete the survey which included 18 questions exploring the impact of the pandemic on their symptoms, physical activity levels and medication use. Results  There were 136 survey respondents, of whom 74.3% were female, with an age range from under 25 to over 75 years. The underlying diagnoses were PsA (60.5%), AS (28.4%), axSpA (10.5%) and enteropathic arthritis (0.8%). The majority (66.7%) of respondents were shielding; 44.1% were on disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs) and 56.6% were on biologics (bDMARDs). Most (94.1%) had continued their DMARDs throughout the shielding period. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use was reported to be increased in 18.6% of respondents, and unchanged in 69.0%. Compared to before the pandemic, 54.8% reported worsening joint stiffness and 45.6% reported worsening joint pain. Most respondents (67.6%) reported reduced levels of physical activity, the commonest reasons being: shielding (54.6%); increased fatigue (45.8%); concerns around social distancing (45.4%); poor sleep quality (38.6%); working from home (28.6%) and low mood (28.6%). Only 14.7% had attended a virtual exercise class. Conclusion  Approximately 2 in 3 patients with SpA reported they were shielding during the first wave of the pandemic. Similar numbers of patients reported reduced physical activity levels and increased joint stiffness over this time. It is important to acknowledge that given the nature of the anonymised survey, we cannot be certain if the same patients who were shielding were the same as those who had reduced levels of physical activity or worsening symptoms. We have, however, shown that over half of the surveyed patients attributed their reduced physical activity levels to shielding. Taking into account that social restrictions (either self-imposed or government advised) are likely to be ongoing, we believe that a focus should be placed on supporting patients to maintain their activity levels, through initiatives such as specialist virtual exercise classes. Disclosure  M. Naja: None. R. Amarnani: None. M. Castelino: None.

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