scholarly journals Extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) lineages explain prolonged carriage of travel-acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boas C.L. van der Putten ◽  
Jarne M. van Hattem ◽  
John Penders ◽  
Daniel R. Mende ◽  
Constance Schultsz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Long Read ◽  
World Tourism Organization ◽  
Public Datasets

AbstractFecally carried extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) are frequently acquired during international travel, contributing to global spread of AMR. However, determinants of long-term carriage of travel-acquired ESBL-Ec are unknown.From a prospective cohort study of 2001 international travelers, we selected all 28 who acquired ESBL-Ec during travel and subsequently carried ESBL-Ec for at least 12 months after return. We sequenced a total of 155 ESBL-Ec isolates from these long-term carriers and 54 age-, sex- and destination-matched short-term carriers (<1 month carriage). We confirmed persistence of ESBL-Ec in long-term carriers using SNP typing and compared ESBL-Ec from long-term and short-term carriers using in silico multi-locus sequence and phylogroup typing. We employed long-read sequencing to investigate ESBL plasmid dissemination.We show that extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) lineages of Escherichia coli are significantly more likely to persist in healthy travelers than other E. coli lineages, in the absence of antibiotic usage, mainly driven by sequence type (ST) 131 and phylogroup D E. coli. Additionally, we identified two epidemiologically unrelated clonal lineages of ST38 carrying a range of ESBL- and carbapenemase-encoding genes. Using public datasets, we demonstrate the recent parallel emergence of these lineages and their subsequent rapid global dissemination, which has major implications for epidemiological tracking of ST38 strains.Our findings show that persistence of travel-acquired ESBL-Ec is mediated by a limited number of ExPEC lineages. These findings support recent insights suggesting ExPEC lineages have not necessarily evolved towards virulence, but rather towards efficient intestinal colonization.ImportanceIn 2018, an estimated 1.4 billion international trips were undertaken according to the World Tourism Organization. Antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli are frequently acquired during travel due to contact with contaminated foodstuff, or fecal-oral, environmental and human-to-human transmission. Resistant E. coli that can persist in the travelers’ gut for long periods of time after return from travel, are likely to contribute to further transmission. Using highly detailed genomic typing of resistant E. coli, isolated from a large prospective cohort of international travelers, we identified bacterial characteristics explaining long-term carriage. Our results provide important information that can be used to estimate the risk of long-term carriage when travelers return with acquired resistant E. coli.

scholarly journals 538. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL): Producing Enterobacteriaceae Surveillance Pilot, New Mexico, 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S257-S257
Author(s):  
Erin C Phipps ◽  
Kristina Flores ◽  
Emily B Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Medical Record ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Background Extended-spectrum β-lactamase – producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae pose a serious antibiotic resistance threat, yet gaps remain in our understanding of their epidemiology. New Mexico was one of five Emerging Infection Program (EIP) sites to participate in a surveillance pilot from October 1 to December 31, 2017. Methods A case was defined as a resident of Bernalillo County, NM with E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Klebsiella oxytoca cultured from urine or normally sterile body sites resistant to at least one extended-spectrum cephalosporin and nonresistant to all carbapenem antibiotics tested. EIP staff assessed prior healthcare exposures, risk factors, and outcomes through medical record review. Results NM EIP identified 309 incident cases among 288 individuals; 263 medical records were reviewed. Cases ranged in age from 3–95 years, with a median age of 63 years. Most isolates were E. coli (n = 270, 87.4%); 35 (11.3%) were K. pneumoniae and 4 (1.3%) were K. oxytoca. The majority of isolates were cultured from urine (297, 96.1%). Blood cultures comprised 11 cases (3.6%). The majority of ESBL cultures were collected in an outpatient setting; 15% were collected from hospital inpatients and fewer than 5% from residents of a long-term care facility (LTCF) or long-term acute care hospital (LTACH). However, 21% of those collected in an outpatient setting, primarily the ED, were hospitalized within 30 days. Over 60% of the cases had at least one relevant risk factor documented in their medical record. One-third had documented antimicrobial use in the prior month, 39% had been hospitalized in the year prior, and 19% had a urinary catheter in place in the 2 days prior to culture collection. Interestingly, while only 2% had documentation of international travel in the two months prior to culture, 18% had either documented international travel outside of that timeframe, or required the use of language interpretation, possibly indicating extensive time living internationally in the past. Conclusion Among residents of Bernalillo County, NM, ESBL isolates were predominantly E. coli, cultured from urine in outpatient settings. Over half had documentation of recognized risk factors, including prior hospitalizations, recent antibiotic use, or presence of indwelling devices. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Responses of Escherichia coli K-12 and O157:H7 Associated with Lettuce Leaves

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1752-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Fink ◽  
Elaine P. Black ◽  
Zhe Hou ◽  
Masayuki Sugawara ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACTAn increasing number of outbreaks of gastroenteritis recently caused byEscherichia coliO157:H7 have been linked to the consumption of leafy green vegetables. Although it is known thatE. colisurvives and grows in the phyllosphere of lettuce plants, the molecular mechanisms by which this bacterium associates with plants are largely unknown. The goal of this study was to identifyE. coligenes relevant to its interaction, survival, or attachment to lettuce leaf surfaces, comparingE. coliK-12, a model system, andE. coliO157:H7, a pathogen associated with a large number of outbreaks. Using microarrays, we found that upon interaction with intact leaves, 10.1% and 8.7% of the 3,798 shared genes were differentially expressed in K-12 and O157:H7, respectively, whereas 3.1% changed transcript levels in both. The largest group of genes downregulated consisted of those involved in energy metabolism, includingtnaA(33-fold change), encoding a tryptophanase that converts tryptophan into indole. Genes involved in biofilm modulation (bhsAandybiM) and curli production (csgAandcsgB) were significantly upregulated inE. coliK-12 and O157:H7. BothcsgAandbhsA(ycfR) mutants were impaired in the long-term colonization of the leaf surface, but onlycsgAmutants had diminished ability in short-term attachment experiments. Our data suggested that the interaction ofE. coliK-12 and O157:H7 with undamaged lettuce leaves likely is initiated via attachment to the leaf surface using curli fibers, a downward shift in their metabolism, and the suppression of biofilm formation.

Community spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis: a long-term study in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1038-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Chong ◽  
Shinji Shimoda ◽  
Hiroko Yakushiji ◽  
Yoshikiyo Ito ◽  
Toshihiro Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Few Data

Community-acquired infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, particularly CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli, are a rising concern worldwide. There are few data from Japan on the acquisition of ESBLs in the community or the influx of these bacteria into hospitals. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of ESBL carriage in outpatients, in order to estimate the spread of ESBLs in community settings. We analysed bacterial isolates from outpatient samples at our institution over a 9-year period from 2003 to 2011, with respect to epidemiological data on ESBL-producing bacteria and their genotypic features. Out of 5137 isolates, 321 (6.3 %) were ESBL producers, including E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis. The detection rates of the ESBL-producing isolates gradually increased and reached 14.3, 8.7 and 19.6 % for E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis strains, respectively, in 2011. Genotyping analysis showed that many of the strains produced multiple β-lactamases, including TEM, SHV and CTX-M, rather than just CTX-M. The CTX-M-9 group was dominant among the CTX-M genotypes; further, the CTX-M-1 and M-2 groups were also detected (~30 %). This is believed to be the first report from Japan showing a definite increase in ESBL detection in outpatients. In addition, our findings suggest the simultaneous community spread of diverse ESBL genotypes, not an expansion of particular ESBL genes.

scholarly journals Mortality risk of bloodstream infection caused by either Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase: a prospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Sianipar ◽  
Widya Asmara ◽  
Iwan Dwiprahasto ◽  
Budi Mulyono
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

Abstract Objective Several studies reported that infection of extended-spectrum β lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) contributed to higher mortality rates but others found it was not associated with mortality. A prospective cohort study which involved 72 patients was conducted to assess the risk of mortality of bloodstream infection due to ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae or E. coli as compared to those infected by either K. pneumoniae or E. coli which not produce ESBL. Result Mortality in the group of patients infected with ESBL-producing bacteria was 30.6%, whereas in another group which was infected with non ESBL-producing bacteria was 22.2% (p = 0.59). Kaplan–Meier’s analysis showed that the survival rate during 14-days follow-up among these two group was not significantly different (p = 0.45) with hazard ratio 1.41 (95% CI  0.568–3.51). Stratification analysis found that adult and elderly patients, patients with sign of leukocytosis, and patients treated with carbapenem were modifier effect variables.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli robustly expresses ATP synthase at growth rate maximizing concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iraes Rabbers ◽  
Frank J Bruggeman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Evolutionary Adaptation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fitness Maximization

AbstractImproved protein expression is an important evolutionary adaptation of bacteria. A key question is whether evolution has led to optimal protein expression that maximizes immediate growth rate (short-term fitness) across conditions. Alternatively, fitter genetic variants could display suboptimal short-term fitness, because they cannot do better or because they strive for long-term fitness maximization by, for instance, anticipating future conditions. To answer this question, we focus on the ATP-producing enzyme F1F0 H+-ATPase, which is an abundant enzyme and ubiquitously expressed across conditions. We tested the optimality of H+-ATPase expression in Escherichia coli across 27 different nutrient conditions. In all tested conditions, wild-type E. coli expresses its H+- ATPase remarkably close to optimal concentrations that maximize immediate growth rate. This work indicates that bacteria can achieve robust optimal protein expression for immediate growth- rate.

scholarly journals Long-Term Persistence of blaCTX-M-15 in Soil and Lettuce after Introducing Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli via Manure or Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1646
Author(s):  
Maria-Theresia Gekenidis ◽  
Serena Rigotti ◽  
Jörg Hummerjohann ◽  
Fiona Walsh ◽  
David Drissner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Human Food Chain

The number of environmental antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) has increased dramatically since the start of antibiotic mass production for broad bacterial infection treatment in 1944. Nowadays, ARB and their resistance-determining genes (ARGs) are readily detected in all environments, including the human food chain. A highly relevant food group in this context is fresh produce, frequent raw consumption of which facilitates direct transfer of ARB and ARGs to the consumer. Here, we investigate the persistence of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) pEK499 and its clinically most important ARG (blaCTX-M-15), after introduction via irrigation water or manure into a lettuce-growing system. Culturable ESBL-producing E. coli persisted longest in soil and when introduced via manure (until 9 weeks after introduction), while being undetectable on lettuce beyond day 7. In contrast, qPCR detection of blaCTX-M-15 was much more frequent: introduction via water significantly increased blaCTX-M-15 on lettuce until week 4, as opposed to manure, which affected the soil in the long-term (9 weeks) while leading to blaCTX-M-15 detection on lettuce until day 7 only. Our findings demonstrate long-term persistence of undesired ARB and ARG after their introduction via both irrigation and amendment. Such an understanding of the persistence kinetics of an ESBL-producing E. coli and plasmid-encoded blaCTX-M-15 aids the determination of critical actions in order to mitigate their transfer to the consumer.

scholarly journals Production of a TEM-24 Plasmid-Mediated Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase by a Clinical Isolate ofPseudomonas aeruginosa

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Marchandin ◽  
Helene Jean-Pierre ◽  
Christophe De Champs ◽  
Danielle Sirot ◽  
Helene Darbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Markers

ABSTRACT Several Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, including one urinary isolate producing an extended-spectrum β-lactamase TEM-24, were isolated from a long-term-hospitalized woman. Three TEM-24-producing enterobacterial species (Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis) were isolated from the same patient. TEM-24 and the resistance markers for aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamide were encoded by a 180-kb plasmid transferred by conjugation into E. coli HB101.

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