Phylogeny, classification, and character evolution of tribe Citharexyleae (Verbenaceae)

AbstractPremise of the studyTribe Citharexyleae comprises three genera: Baillonia, Citharexylum, and Rehdera. While there is good support for these genera as a clade, relationships between genera remain unresolved due to low sampling of the largest genus, Citharexylum. A molecular phylogenetic approach was taken to resolve intergeneric relationships in Citharexyleae and infrageneric relationships in Citharexylum.MethodsSeven chloroplast regions, two nuclear ribosomal spacers, and six low-copy nuclear loci were analyzed for 64 species of Citharexyleae. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and Bayesian multi-species coalescent approaches. Habit, presence/absence of thorns, inflorescence architecture, flower color, fruit color, and geography were examined to identify diagnostic characters for clades within Citharexylum.Key resultsIntergeneric relationships resolved Rehdera as sister to Citharexylum and Baillonia nested within Citharexylum. Two species, C. oleinum and C. tetramerum, fell outside of Citharexyleae close to tribe Duranteae. There is strong support for seven clades within Citharexylum, each characterized by a unique combination of geography, fruit color/maturation, and inflorescence architecture.ConclusionsBaillonia is included in Citharexylum; Rehdera is retained as a distinct genus. A subgeneric classification for Citharexylum is proposed.

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Tracing the origins of hybrids through history: monstrous cultivars and Napoléon Bonaparte’s exiled paper daisies (Asteraceae; Gnaphalieae)

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/boab020 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Timothy L Collins ◽

Jeremy J Bruhl ◽

Alexander N Schmidt-Lebuhn ◽

Ian R H Telford ◽

Rose L Andrew

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Strong Support ◽

Napoleon Bonaparte ◽

Snp Data ◽

Cast Doubt ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

St Helena ◽

New Evidence

Abstract Golden everlasting paper daisies (Xerochrysum, Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) were some of the earliest Australian native plants to be cultivated in Europe. Reputedly a favourite of Napoléon Bonaparte and Empress Joséphine, X. bracteatum is thought to have been introduced to the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic during Napoléon’s exile there. Colourful cultivars were developed in the 1850s, and there is a widely held view that these were produced by crossing Xerochrysum with African or Asian Helichrysum spp. Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses and subtribal classification of Gnaphalieae cast doubt on this idea. Using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, we looked for evidence of gene flow between modern cultivars, naturalized paper daisies from St Helena and four Xerochrysum spp. recorded in Europe in the 1800s. There was strong support for gene flow between cultivars and X. macranthum. Paper daisies from St Helena were genotypically congruent with X. bracteatum and showed no indications of ancestry from other species or from the cultivars, consistent with the continuous occurrence of naturalized paper daisies introduced by Joséphine and Napoléon. We also present new evidence for the origin of colourful Xerochrysum cultivars and hybridization of congeners in Europe from Australian collections.

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Hidden tribe: A new species of Stream Toad of the genus Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Anura: Bufonidae) from the poorly explored mountainous borderlands of western Thailand

Vertebrate Zoology ◽

10.3897/vz.71.e73529 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 763-779

Author(s):

Chatmongkon Suwannapoom ◽

L. Lee Grismer ◽

Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽

Mali Naiduangchan ◽

Platon V. Yushchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Color Pattern ◽

Sister Species ◽

Mountain Region ◽

Unique Combination ◽

Species Status ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

A New Species

Abstract The integrated results of morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the new species status of a recently discovered population of Ansonia from Suan Phueng District, Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. Ansonia karensp. nov. is separated from all other species of Ansonia by a unique combination of mensural, discrete morphological, and color pattern characteristics and is the sister species of A. thinthinae from Tanintharyi Division, Myanmar. This discovery fills a geographic hiatus of 350 km between it and A. kraensis from Ranong Province, Thailand. Ansonia karensp. nov. is the newest member of a long list of range-restricted endemics having been recently discovered in the northern Tenasserim Mountain region of western Thailand and continues to underscore the unexplored nature of this region and its need for conservation.

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Description of Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hydrozoa, Siphonophora, Calycophorae), with a reappraisal of the function and homology of nectophoral canals

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4415.3.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4415 (3) ◽

pp. 452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. R. PUGH ◽

C.W. DUNN ◽

S.H.D. HADDOCK

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Sister Group ◽

The Other ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Unique Combination ◽

New Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Distinct Morphology ◽

A New Species

A new species of calycophoran siphonophore, Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov, sp. nov., is described. It has a unique combination of traits, some shared with prayomorphs (including two rounded nectophores) and some with clausophyid diphyomorphs (the nectophores are dissimilar, with one slightly larger and slightly to the anterior of the other, and both possess a somatocyst). Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new species is the sister group to all other diphyomorphs. A new family, Tottonophyidae, is established for it. Its phylogenetic position and distinct morphology help clarify diphyomorph evolution. The function and homology of the nectophoral canals and somatocyst is also re-examined and further clarification is given to their nomenclature.

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Trechispora yunnanensis sp. nov. (Hydnodontaceae, Basidiomycota) from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.424.4.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 424 (4) ◽

pp. 253-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TAI-MIN XU ◽

YU-HUI CHEN ◽

CHANG-LIN ZHAO

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Strong Support ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Monophyletic Lineage ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Inference Methods

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Trechispora yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The species is characterized by resupinate basidiomata, rigid and fragile up on drying, cream to pale greyish hymenial surface; a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, IKI-, CB-; ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, ornamented, IKI-, CB- basidiospores measuring as 7–8.5 × 5–5.5 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and bayesian inference methods (BPP). The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that T. yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to T. byssinella and T. laevis. Both morphological characteristics and results of molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of the new species in Trechispora.

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Generic Placement of the Former Condaliopsis (Rhamnaceae) species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 236 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melissa Bauer Islam ◽

Robert P. Guralnick

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Limited Range ◽

New Combination ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Shrub Species ◽

Distinct Genus ◽

Nuclear Loci ◽

Morphological Research ◽

Thorny Shrub

Condaliopsis is a genus of eight thorny shrub species. Previous morphological research shed doubt on the validity of Condaliopsis as a distinct genus in Rhamnaceae. Condaliopsis species were transferred to one of two genera, Ziziphus or Condalia, but some authors continue to recognize Condaliopsis. A recent phylogenetic study did not support Condaliopsis as monophyletic and placement of Condaliopsis species in either Ziziphus or Condalia was not straightforward. To clarify the generic placement of these eight species, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on two nuclear loci (nrITS and 26S), two chloroplast loci (trnL-F and trnQ-rps16) and morphological characters. We present evidence that five of the Condaliopsis species should remain in Ziziphus, one should remain in Condalia, and two should be transferred from Ziziphus to Condalia. One of these species had an existing binomial within Condalia, Condalia parryi, and one required a new combination, Condalia celata. Condalia celata is a federally listed endangered species with a limited range in Florida.

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Two Complete Mitogenomes of Chalcididae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea): Genome Description and Phylogenetic Implications

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12121049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1049

Author(s):

Huifeng Zhao ◽

Ye Chen ◽

Zitong Wang ◽

Haifeng Chen ◽

Yaoguang Qin

Keyword(s):

Stop Codon ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Strong Support ◽

Sister Group ◽

Nucleotide Composition ◽

Start Codon ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Phylogenetic Implications ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Rna Genes

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two species of Chalcididae were newly sequenced: Brachymeria lasus and Haltichella nipponensis. Both circular mitogenomes are 15,147 and 15,334 bp in total length, respectively, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and an A+T-rich region. The nucleotide composition indicated a strong A/T bias. All PCGs of B. lasus and H. nipponensis began with the start codon ATD, except for B. lasus, which had an abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND1. Most PCGs of the two mitogenomes are terminated by a codon of TAR, and the remaining PCGs by the incomplete stop codon T or TA (ATP6, COX3, and ND4 in both species, with an extra CYTB in B. lasus). Except for trnS1 and trnF, all tRNAs can be folded into a typical clover structure. Both mitogenomes had similar control regions, and two repeat units of 135 bp were found in H. nipponensis. Phylogenetic analyses based on two datasets (PCG123 and PCG12) covering Chalcididae and nine families of Chalcidoidea were conducted using two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference); all the results support Mymaridae as the sister group of the remaining Chalcidoidea, with Chalcididae as the next successive group. Only analyses of PCG123 generated similar topologies of Mymaridae + (Chalcididae + (Agaonidae + remaining Chalcidoidea)) and provided one relative stable clade as Eulophidae + (Torymidae + (Aphelinidae + Trichogrammatidae)). Our mitogenomic phylogenetic results share one important similarity with earlier molecular phylogenetic efforts: strong support for the monophyly of many families, but a largely unresolved or unstable “backbone” of relationships among families.

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Collastoma esotericum (Neodalyellida: Umagillidae), a new species of sipunculan-inhabiting rhabdocoel from Queensland, Australia

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4701.6.5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4701 (6) ◽

pp. 563-573

Author(s):

DANIEL C. HUSTON

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Strong Support ◽

Molecular Data ◽

18S Rrna Gene ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Distinct Genus ◽

De Man ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Southeast Queensland

The Umagillidae Wahl, represent a group of endosymbiotic Platyhelminthes which inhabit two disparate invertebrate host groups, the echinoderms and sipunculans. Sipunculan-inhabiting umagillids are morphologically distinct from those inhabiting echinoderms and have traditionally been placed in a distinct genus and subfamily, Collastoma Dörler, and the Collastominae Wahl, respectively. Although molecular data are available for umagillid species inhabiting echinoids and holothurians, species inhabiting sipunculans have yet to be evaluated with molecular data. Collastoma esotericum n. sp. from the sipunculan Phascolosoma scolops (Selenka & de Man) collected in Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland, Australia, is described. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA gene sequences placed C. esotericum in a clade with species of the Umagillidae and the Provorticinae Luther, with strong support. However, within this clade the relationship of C. esotericum to the Umagillidae and Provorticinae was not resolved.

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A molecular phylogenetic approach to Longidoridae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida)

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541054192108 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 111-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Yu He ◽

Sergei A. Subbotin ◽

Tatiana V. Rubtsova ◽

Franco Lamberti ◽

Derek J.F. Brown ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Strong Support ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Sister Group ◽

Bayesian Posterior Probability ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Secondary Structure Models ◽

Outgroup Taxon ◽

Lsu Rrna

Abstract The Longidoridae are a group of ectoparasitic nematodes including two subfamilies and six genera with hundreds of species. Sequences of the D2 and D3 expansion region of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA nuclear gene were amplified and used to reconstruct the phylogeny of longidorids. Phylogenetic analyses with maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) were performed with one outgroup taxon and 62 longidorid sequences. Confidence of inferred clades was assessed by non-parametric bootstrapping for MP and Bayesian posterior probability for ML. All analyses placed Paralongidorus species as an inner group within the otherwise monophyletic genus Longidorus. The genus Xiphinema, except for X. americanum-group species, was placed as the sister group of Longidorus with strong support from the ML and BI analyses. The X. americanum-group was strongly supported as an exclusive clade to other genus Xiphinema species. The position of the Xiphidorus clade was not well resolved and the phylogenetic analyses did not support it as a sister group to Longidorus as previously inferred from morphology. Secondary structure models were constructed for the D2/D3 region of LSU rRNA for all studied species. It was found that sequence-based and structural morphometric rRNA phylogenies were incongruent.

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Evidence from the resurrected family Polyrhabdinidae Kamm, 1922 (Apicomplexa: Gregarinomorpha) supports the epimerite, an attachment organelle, as a major eugregarine innovation

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11912 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11912

Author(s):

Gita G. Paskerova ◽

Tatiana S. Miroliubova ◽

Andrea Valigurová ◽

Jan Janouškovec ◽

Magdaléna Kováčiková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Strong Support ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

And Function

Background Gregarines are a major group of apicomplexan parasites of invertebrates. The gregarine classification is largely incomplete because it relies primarily on light microscopy, while electron microscopy and molecular data in the group are fragmentary and often do not overlap. A key characteristic in gregarine taxonomy is the structure and function of their attachment organelles (AOs). AOs have been commonly classified as “mucrons” or “epimerites” based on their association with other cellular traits such as septation. An alternative proposal focused on the AOs structure, functional role, and developmental fate has recently restricted the terms “mucron” to archigregarines and “epimerite” to eugregarines. Methods Light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, molecular phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal RNA genes. Results We obtained the first data on fine morphology of aseptate eugregarines Polyrhabdina pygospionis and Polyrhabdina cf. spionis, the type species. We demonstrate that their AOs differ from the mucron in archigregarines and represent an epimerite structurally resembling that in other eugregarines examined using electron microscopy. We then used the concatenated ribosomal operon DNA sequences (SSU, 5.8S, and LSU rDNA) of P. pygospionis to explore the phylogeny of eugregarines with a resolution superior to SSU rDNA alone. The obtained phylogenies show that the Polyrhabdina clade represents an independent, deep-branching family in the Ancoroidea clade within eugregarines. Combined, these results lend strong support to the hypothesis that the epimerite is a synapomorphic innovation of eugregarines. Based on these findings, we resurrect the family Polyrhabdinidae Kamm, 1922 and erect and diagnose the family Trollidiidae fam. n. within the superfamily Ancoroidea Simdyanov et al., 2017. Additionally, we re-describe the characteristics of P. pygospionis, emend the diagnoses of the genus Polyrhabdina, the family Polyrhabdinidae, and the superfamily Ancoroidea.

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Litinium gludi sp. nov. (Nematoda, Oxystominidae) from Kermadec Trench, Southwest Pacific Ocean

European Journal of Taxonomy ◽

10.5852/ejt.2021.748.1347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 748 ◽

pp. 138-154

Author(s):

Daniel Leduc ◽

Zeng Qi Zhao

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Pacific Ocean ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Strong Support ◽

Female Reproductive System ◽

Deep Basin ◽

Southwest Pacific ◽

System A ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Recent work on the taxonomy of nematodes in Southwest Pacific Ocean trenches has led to the discovery of taxa which so far appear to be restricted to the oceans’ deepest environments. Here, Litinium gludi sp. nov. is described based on specimens obtained from a deep basin within the Kermadec Trench at 9540 m water depth. The new species differs from other species of the genus in having a conico-cylindrical tail, papillose labial sensilla, and heart- or leaf-shaped amphideal fovea. Both SSU and LSU phylogenetic analyses provide strong support for the placement of the new species within a clade containing both Thalassoalaimus and Litinum, and within Oxystomininae, which is consistent with the structure of the female reproductive system with only one posterior ovary in this subfamily. Our molecular analyses also indicate that the new species is most closely related to Thalassoalaimus despite lacking a caudal capsule, the main trait characterizing the latter genus, and despite being most morphologically similar to Litinium, particularly in the unusual shape of the amphideal fovea. However, given the changing definitions of the closely-related genera Thalassoalaimus and Litinium in recent years, available GenBank sequences may have been misidentified, which makes the interpretation of molecular phylogenetic analyses problematic. Given the current morphological definitions of Litinium and Thalassoalaimus, we choose to place the new species within Litinium, despite the apparently contradictory findings of molecular phylogenetic analyses. The placement of Cricohalalaimus in a clade with Thalassoalaimus and Litinium in both SSU and LSU analyses indicates that this genus should be placed within the Oxystomininae and not the Halalaiminae as in the current classification. This new proposed grouping is consistent with variation in the structure of the female reproductive system, a feature which appears more taxonomically informative than amphid shape for subfamily-level classification.

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