scholarly journals SARS-Cov-2 Viral Load as an Indicator for COVID-19 Patients’ Hospital Stay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Al Ali ◽  
AbdulKarim AbdulRahman ◽  
Omar Yaghi ◽  
Essam M. Janahi ◽  
Manaf Al-Qahtani
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Stable Case ◽  
Ct Value

AbstractBackground/objectiveThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a global threat to the public health. There is a challenge in measuring the patient’s length of hospital stay and managing the healthcare resources to handle the situation successfully. Our objective is to use the qPCR cycle of threshold (Ct) as a tool in evaluating the severity of the infection and hence the length of hospital stay to better utilize and manage the healthcare resources.MethodsThis cross sectional study was carried out on 306 patients who admitted to COVID-19 care centers in Kingdom of Bahrain from 20th March 2020 to 5th April 2020. Standard qPCR was used to estimate the viral load and data were analyzed to investigate the relationship between Ct values and various variables.ResultsOut of 306 patients, 2 deaths, 1 active stable case and 303 recovered cases were reported. Ct value was significantly and negatively associated (P value <0.001) with length of hospital stay. The viral clearance was also inversely associated with the Ct values.ConclusionCt value was inversely associated with hospital stay duration (and time to viral clearance), higher the Ct value is indicative of faster time to viral clearance. This association could help to better manage the infection and resources allocation.

scholarly journals SARS-Cov-2 Viral Load as an Indicator for COVID-19 Patients' Hospital Stay

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stable Case ◽  
Ct Value

Background/objective: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a global threat to public health. An objective strategy is quintessential to handle resources prudently. This study assessed the utility of the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycle of threshold (Ct) to evaluate the severity of the COVID-19 infection. The study also assessed the duration of the hospital and the management of healthcare resources. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 306 patients admitted to COVID-19 care centers in the Kingdom of Bahrain from 20th March 2020 to 5th April 2020. Standard qPCR was used to estimate the viral load, and data was analyzed to investigate the relationship between Ct values and various variables. Results: Out of 306 patients, two fatalities, one active stable case, and 303 recovered cases were reported. Ct value was negatively associated (P value <0.001) with the length of hospital stay. Viral clearance was also inversely associated with the Ct values. Conclusion: Ct value was inversely associated with the duration of hospital stay (and time to viral clearance); the higher Ct value was indicative of a faster time to viral clearance. This association could aid in the management of both the infection and resources. Keywords: Bahrain; COVID-19; Length of Stay; Public Health; Resource Allocation; Viral Load

scholarly journals Influence of maternal age and hospital characteristics on the mode of delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Bruna Luiza Soares Pinheiro ◽  
Karolina Yukari Kitagawa ◽  
Renato Camargo Couto ◽  
Tânia Moreira Grillo Pedrosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Diagnosis Related Groups ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Care ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the relationship between maternal age and the source of healthcare payment with mode of delivery in public and private national hospitals between the years 2012 to 2017, and the length of hospital stay. Methods: cross-sectional study of 91,894 women who had children in public and private hospitals between 2012 and 2017. Data were collected from the Diagnosis-Related Groups Brazil system and a comparative analysis was performed between patients in public care and those in supplementary healthcare. Results: in public care, the majority were vaginal deliveries and the reverse occurred in supplementary health. The proportion of cesarean sections was higher in the age group 31 to 40 years old in both services. The hospital stay was longer among women who underwent a cesarean section. Conclusions: high maternal age and the source of healthcare payment influence the mode of delivery, which interfere with the length of hospital stay.

scholarly journals Predictors of Length of Hospital Stay, Mortality, and Outcomes Among Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 839-852
Author(s):  
Hassan Alwafi ◽  
Abdallah Y Naser ◽  
Sultan Qanash ◽  
Ahmad S Brinji ◽  
Maher A Ghazawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Correlation of Clinical Score and Serum Acetylcholinesterase Level as a Predictor of Outcome among Patients with Acute Organophosphate Poisoning Admitted in Emergency Ward of a Tertiary Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
R Chaudhary ◽  
R Bhandari ◽  
G Malla ◽  
M. Poudel ◽  
M Lamsal
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Organophosphate Poisoning ◽  
Emergency Ward ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Spearman’S Rho

Background: Monitoring a patient's serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) status after clinical score of organophosphate poisoning enables the verification of exposure to anticholinesterase agents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria and was categorized according to POP (Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning) score. The study was conducted at a tertiary hospital for one year in the period of Jan 2016 to Dec 2016. POP score was applied and serum acetylcholinesterase level was determined in the lab. Spearman’s rho coefficient method was applied for correlation. Results: Seventy four patients survived in emergency ward who presented within (4.1 ± 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.43- 4.80; P= 0.021) hours of ingestion of OP compounds, POP score 3 (Q1, Q3, 2, 4), serum AChE 2221 (Q1, Q3, 768.5, 4703.5) IU/L with 9 ( Q1,Q3, 8.75, 34.75) mg of atropine used, 94% received PAM for 5 (Q1, Q3, 3, 7) days of hospital stay. Four patients died within (7.5 ± 5.4; 95% CI, -1.16- 16.16; P= 0.021) hours of presentation, POP score of 4 (Q1, Q3, 4, 7.75), serum AChE 588 (Q1, Q3, 173, 1912) IU/L, atropine used 170 (Q1, Q3, 152.5, 297) mg, 5.1% received PAM for 3.5 (Q1, Q3, 1, 11.25) days of hospital stay. Spearman’s rho coefficient showed well correlation between POP score and serum AChE level (coefficient -0.356; P= 0.001), POP score for the need of atropine (coefficient= 0.536; P= 0.001). Serum AChE also correlated with the length of hospital stay (coefficient= 0.414; P= 0.001) compared to POP score (coefficient= 0.420; P= 0.001). Conclusions: The higher degree of POP score correlated to higher degree of serum acetylcholinesterase derangement, need for atropine, PAM and length of hospital stay. Thus, it enhances in the prediction of outcome among patients with acute organophosphate poisoning at index visit.

scholarly journals Treatment Outcome and Associated Factors among Type 1 Diabetic Children<15 Years Admitted With DKA in Bahir Dar City Public Referral Hospital, North West, Ethiopia: A retrospective Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fentahun Meseret
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
North West Ethiopia

Abstract Background: Length of hospital stay and overall in hospital mortality of diabetic keto acidosis during management are the foremost primary out comes that should be measured. Because, it is highly trusted on the improvement of diabetic keto acidosis related complication management. However, data associated to length of stay, mortality rate due to diabetic keto acidosis remains to be limited in Ethiopia.In addition to this, Nonfiction is much scarce in relation to factors associated with treatment outcome starting from its initial presentation and the overall management process. Objective: To assess treatment outcome of children<15 years old admitted with diabetic keto acidosis at Felege Hiwot comprehensive referral hospital, North West, Ethiopia, 2021Methods: Retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Felege Hiwot comprehensive referral hospital among randomly selected sample of 176 children admitted with diabetic keto acidosis from 2016 to 2021.Data were collected by using data abstraction tool. Then it was coded, enter, cleaned and stored into Epi-data version 4.2 and was exported into STATA 14.0 statistical software for analysis. Categorical variables were described using proportions and compared using Chi-square test; whereas continuous parametric variables with mean and standard deviation and compared using parametric (t-test). Model goodness-of-fit and assumptions were checked. Finally, association between independent variables and length of hospital stay were assessed using binary logistics regression and Variables with p-value < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Result: The mean length of hospital stay was 9.5±6.2 days. About 59.3% of had long hospital stay (>7days).Majority of the clients (97.5%) were improve and discharged with 14.2% management complication and 4(2.5%) died in the hospital. Factors that affect long hospital stay were residence(AOR=4.31;95CI=1.25-14.80),family history of diabetes (AOR=0.12; 95%CI=0.02-0.64),glycaemia at admission (AOR=1.01;95%CI=1.00-1.02),insulin skipping (AOR=0.08;95%CI=0.01-0.98),abdominal pain(AOR=4.28;95%CI=1.11 -15.52), time in which the patient get out of diabetic keto acidosis(AOR=6.39;95%CI=1.09-37.50).Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of clients were showed improvement and discharged to their home after longer hospital stay and with very low mortality rate followed by complication (14.2%).The time with in which the majority of the clients get out of DKA were found in between 24-48 hours. Thus, to achieve the intended treatment out come early in time, modification of the approach by emphasizing the above predictors is mandatory with the recommendation of multicenter study in this regard.

scholarly journals Older adults hospitalized in a teaching hospital: clinical characteristics and outcomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 4938
Author(s):  
Camilla Christina Rodrigues ◽  
Rita de Cássia Helú Mendonça Ribeiro ◽  
Claudia Bernardi Cesarino ◽  
Daniela Comelis Bertolin ◽  
Renato Mendonça Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Characterization

RESUMOObjetivo: investigar as causas de internação dos idosos hospitalizados, o perfil demográfico, o perfil clínico e o desfecho. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal de análise de 14.892 prontuários eletrônicos, no período de 12 meses. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva das variáveis de caracterização amostral e aplicação do teste associativo pela estatística qui-quadrado. Resultados: a maioria dos pacientes avaliados era do sexo masculino, com grau de instrução fundamental, com companheiro, do lar, brancos, católicos e com doenças cardiovasculares, seguidas de neoplasias e doenças gastrointestinais em ambos os sexos.  A idade dos pacientes apresentou média de 72,1 anos e a média da permanência hospitalar foi de 5,9 dias. Houve associação significativa entre as doenças diagnosticadas, o sexo (p <0,001) e a etnia (p = 0,023) dos pacientes. O desfecho mais comum foi a alta dos pacientes. Conclusão: as doenças crônicas foram as principais causas de hospitalização dos idosos, acarretando mais tempo na hospitalização. A investigação destes fatores fornece subsídios para identificação dos problemas e realizar melhores ações de enfermagem. Descritores: Idoso; Hospitalização; Evolução Clínica.ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the causes of older adult hospitalizations, demographic and clinical profiles, and patient outcome. Method: quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with 14,892 electronic medical records during 12 months. We carried out a descriptive analysis of the variables of the sample characterization, and an associative test using chi-square statistics. Results: most patients assessed were male, had primary education, lived with a partner, were white and Catholics, and had cardiovascular diseases, followed by neoplasms and gastrointestinal diseases in both sexes. The average age of the patients was 72.1 years, and the average length of hospital stay was 5.9 days. There was a significant association between diagnosed diseases, sex (p <0.001), and ethnicity (p = 0.023) of the patients. The most common outcome was hospital discharge. Conclusion: chronic diseases were the main causes of older adult hospitalizations and led to increased length of hospital stay. The assessment of these factors provides subsidies for identifying problems and performing best nursing interventions. Descriptors: Older Adult; Hospitalization; Clinical Evolution.RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar las causas de hospitalización de adultos mayores, perfil demográfico, perfil clínico y desenlaces. Método: estudio cuantitativo transversal con análisis de 14.892 registros médicos electrónicos de un período de 12 meses. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables de caracterización de la muestra y se aplicó la prueba chi-cuadrado. Resultados: la mayoría de los pacientes evaluados eran hombres, con educación primaria, vivían en pareja, eran blancos, católicos y tenían enfermedades cardiovasculares, seguidas de neoplasias y enfermedades gastrointestinales en ambos sexos. El promedio de edad de los pacientes fue de 72,1 años y de la estancia hospitalaria fue de 5,9 días. Hubo una asociación significativa entre enfermedades diagnosticadas, sexo (p <0.001) y etnia (p = 0.023) de los pacientes. El resultado más común fue el alta hospitalaria. Conclusión: las enfermedades crónicas fueron las principales causas de hospitalización de los adultos mayores, llevando a un tiempo más prolongado de internación. La investigación de estos factores proporciona subsidios para identificación de problemas y realizar mejores intervenciones de enfermería. Descritores: Adulto Mayor; Hospitalización; Evolución Clínica.

scholarly journals High viral suppression and low attrition in healthy HIV-infected patients initiated on ART with CD4 above 500 cells/μL in a program setting in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
Dathan M Byonanebye ◽  
Fred C Semitala ◽  
Jackson Katende ◽  
Alex Bakenga ◽  
Irene Arinaitwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients

Background: The World Health Organization recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) for all HIV-infected patients at all CD4 counts. However, there are concerns that asymptomatic patients may have poorer viral suppression and high attrition. Objectives: We sought to determine attrition and viral suppression among healthy HIV-infected patients initiated on ART in program settings. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled ART-experienced patients attending two PEPFAR-supported, high-volume clinics in Kampala, Uganda. Eligible patients were >18 years and had completed at least six months on ART. Participants were inter- viewed on socio-demographics, ART history and plasma viral load (VL) determined using Abbott Real-time. Predictors of viral suppression (<75 copies/ml) were determined using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, 267 participants were screened, 228 were eligible and 203 (89%) retained in care (visit within 90 days). Of the 203 participants, 115 (56.7%) were key-populations. Viral suppression was achieved in 173 patients (85%; 95% CI, 80.3%- 90.1%). The factors associated with viral suppression were prior VL tests (AOR 6.98; p-value <0.001) and receiving care from a general clinic (AOR 5.41; p=0.009). Conclusion: Asymptomatic patients initiated on ART with high baseline CD4 counts, achieve high viral suppression with low risk of attrition. VL monitoring and clinic type are associated with viral suppression. Keywords: Key populations; viral load; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 

scholarly journals Investigation of Viral Load Cycle Threshold Values in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Associated Pneumonia with Real-Time PCR Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1408-1414
Author(s):  
Ayfer Bakir ◽  
Tugrul Hosbul ◽  
Ferhat Cuce ◽  
Cumhur Artuk ◽  
Gurhan Taskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Load Cycle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cycle Threshold ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Ct Value

Introduction: In this study, we aimed investigate the relationship of SARS-CoV-2 viral load cycle threshold (Ct) values with pneumonia. Methodology: A total of 158 patients in whom SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed in upper respiratory tract (URT) samples with molecular method and who had computed tomography (CT) of the chest, between April 2020 and June 2020 were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Results: Mean age of 158 PCR positive patients was 45.22 ± 17.89 and 60.8% of them were male. Pneumonia was detected in 40.5% of the patients on their chest CT. A weak but significant correlation was found between SARS-CoV-2 Ct value detected with PCR in analysis of oropharyngeal/ nasopharyngeal (OP/NP) samples and chest CT score (Pearson’s r: 0.197, p = 0.01). No correlation was found between the first detected viral load Ct value and age, gender and mortality. There was no significant correlation between chest CT score and mortality. While the areas remaining under ROC curve for Ct value in analysis of OP/NP samples in prediction of chest CT score ≥ 1, ≥ 5 and ≥ 10 were 0.564, 0.640 and 0.703 respectively. Conclusions: We found that the amount of SARS-CoV-2 viral load (inverse relationship with Ct) detected in OP/NP samples of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia did not reflect the increasing severity of pulmonary lesions on chest CT. Although primary target of SARS-CoV-2 is all epithelial cells of the respiratory tract we believe studies comparing viral loads in lower respiratory tract samples are needed to determine the severity of pulmonary disease.

Epidemiology of Occupational Electrical Injuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Hamid Salehi ◽  
Yasaman Sadat Azad ◽  
Tooran Bagheri ◽  
Tayyeb Ghadimi ◽  
Arya Rahbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrical Injuries

Abstract Electrical injuries are an uncommon but very destructive type of burn, with serious complications and disabilities for the victims. This study was conducted due to the importance of understanding the epidemiology of electrical accidents in planning to prevent their occurrence. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was performed on patients with electrical burns referred to Shahid Motahari Educational and Medical Center from 2017 to 2018. Patients’ information was entered in the researcher-made information registration form, including demographic and accident-related information. In this study, most of the accidents occurred in the workplace with high-voltage electricity. Contact with overhead cables and wires was the most common cause of injury. Excision and graft surgeries were the most common type of surgery. The variables of sex, age, length of hospital stay, and type of job had a significant relationship with the type of voltage (P &lt; .05). The difference between the ratio of men to women and the length of hospitalization in the group of injured with high-voltage electricity was greater and most of these patients were construction workers. The variables of sex, nationality, length of hospital stay, and cause of the accident had a significant relationship with the type of job (P &lt; .05). Construction workers are the main group at risk of electrical damage in Iran. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct more extensive studies in the field of recognizing and implementing practical methods of preventing electrical injuries, especially in high-risk work environments.

scholarly journals Biopsychosocial factors related to the length of hospital stay in older people

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lorén Guerrero ◽  
Ana Gascón Catalán
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Physical Dependence ◽  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Retirement Home ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to know what variables influence increased length of hospital stay. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted through an integrated geriatric assessment of 81 people over 65 years of age, admitted to a tertiary acute care hospital. Data were collected through the Pfeiffer Scale, Barthel Index, Goldberg Questionnaire, Family APGAR and Gijón Scale. The length of hospital stay increased in people over 80 years, people living alone or in a retirement home, patients with great physical dependence and those with a risk or problem of social exclusion. The most influential variable for longer hospitalization was cognitive impairment (p<0.05), due to greater collaboration or desire to overcome the acute stage of the pathology that led to the hospital admission among patients without this condition.

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