scholarly journals Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in solution with Virusend (TX-10), a novel disinfectant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyia R. Anderson ◽  
Grant L. Hughes ◽  
Edward I. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Viral Titre ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Microbial Agents

AbstractUntil an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is available on a widespread scale, the control of the COVID-19 pandemic is reliant upon effective pandemic control measures. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to remain viable on surfaces and in aerosols, means indirect contact transmission can occur and so there is an opportunity to reduce transmission using effective disinfectants in public and communal spaces. Virusend (TX-10), a novel disinfectant, has been developed as a highly effective disinfectant against a range of microbial agents. Here we investigate the ability of Virusend (TX-10) to inactivation SARS-CoV-2. Using surface and solution inactivation assays, we show that Virusend (TX-10) is able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titre by 4log10 PFU/mL within 1 minute of contact. Ensuring disinfectants are highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 is important in eliminating environmental sources of the virus to control the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces and in solution with Virusend (TX-10), a novel disinfectant

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyia R. Anderson ◽  
Grant L. Hughes ◽  
Edward I. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Viral Titre ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Microbial Agents

Until an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is available on a widespread scale, the control of the COVID-19 pandemic is reliant upon effective pandemic control measures. The ability of SARS-CoV-2 to remain viable on surfaces and in aerosols, means indirect contact transmission can occur and there is an opportunity to reduce transmission using effective disinfectants in public and communal spaces. Virusend (TX-10), a novel disinfectant, has been developed as a highly effective disinfectant against a range of microbial agents. Here we investigate the ability of Virusend to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. Using surface and solution inactivation assays, we show that Virusend is able to reduce SARS-CoV-2 viral titre by 4 log10 p.f.u. ml−1 within 1 min of contact. Ensuring disinfectants are highly effective against SARS-CoV-2 is important in eliminating environmental sources of the virus to control the COVID-19 pandemic.

Experiments on the Needle Shortening Pine Gall Midge

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH. THYGESEN
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
Horticultural Plants

Abstract Data are given on the biology of this gall midge, which has proved harmful to young trees of Mountain and Scots Pine. Special attention has been paid to the flight period as reliable information on this is essential in order to time control measures. These can be carried out as sprays with parathion, diazinon or malathion, which all proved highly effective when applied twice during the flight period. As young nursery trees are most vulnerable, a warning for nurseries is issued by the National Committee for Propagation and Sanitary Inspection for Horticultural Plants every spring, when the first hatchings are noted.

Modelling the population-level impact of vaccination on the transmission of human papillomavirus type 16 in Australia

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Regan ◽  
David J. Philp ◽  
Jane S. Hocking ◽  
Matthew G. Law
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
The Impact

Background: Vaccines are now available to prevent the development of cervical cancer from genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The decision to vaccinate depends on a vaccine’s cost-effectiveness. A rigorous cost-effectiveness model for vaccinated individuals is presented in a companion paper; this paper investigates the additional benefits the community might receive from herd immunity. Methods: A mathematical model was developed to estimate the impact of a prophylactic vaccine on transmission of HPV type 16 in Australia. The model was used to estimate the expected reduction in HPV incidence and prevalence as a result of vaccination, the time required to achieve these reductions, and the coverage required for elimination. The modelled population was stratified according to age, gender, level of sexual activity and HPV infection status using a differential equation formulation. Clinical trials show that the vaccine is highly effective at preventing persistent infection and pre-cancerous lesions. These trials do not, however, provide conclusive evidence that infection is prevented altogether. The possible modes of vaccine action were investigated to see how vaccination might change the conclusions. Results: The model predicts that vaccination of 80% of 12-year-old girls will eventually reduce HPV 16 prevalence by 60–100% in vaccinated and 7–31% in unvaccinated females. If 80% of boys are also vaccinated, reductions will be 74–100% in vaccinated and 86–96% in unvaccinated females. A campaign covering only 12-year-old girls would require 5–7 years to achieve 50% of the eventual reduction. With a catch-up campaign covering 13–26-year-olds, this delay would be reduced to only 2 years. Unrealistically high coverage in both sexes would be required to eliminate HPV 16 from the population. Under pessimistic assumptions about the duration of vaccine-conferred immunity, HPV 16 incidence is predicted to rise in some older age groups. Conclusions: Mass vaccination with a highly effective vaccine against HPV 16 has the potential to substantially reduce the incidence and prevalence of infection. Catch-up vaccination offers the potential to substantially reduce the delay before the benefits of vaccination are observed. A booster vaccination might be required to prevent an increase in incidence of infection in women over 25 years of age.

scholarly journals Mathematical Quantification of Transmission in Experiments: FMDV Transmission in Pigs Can Be Blocked by Vaccination and Separation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Dekker ◽  
Herman J. W. van Roermund ◽  
Thomas J. Hagenaars ◽  
Phaedra L. Eblé ◽  
Mart C. M. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Physical Separation ◽  
Block Transmission ◽  
Transmission Parameters ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Transmission Studies

Quantitative understanding of transmission with and without control measures is important for the control of infectious diseases because it helps to determine which of these measures (or combinations thereof) will be effective to reduce transmission. In this paper, the statistical methods used to estimate transmission parameters are explained. To show how these methods can be used we reviewed literature for papers describing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) transmission in pigs and we used the data to estimate transmission parameters. The analysis showed that FMDV transmits very well when pigs have direct contact. Transmission, however, is reduced when a physical barrier separates infected and susceptible non-vaccinated pigs. Vaccination of pigs can prevent infection when virus is administered by a single intradermal virus injection in the bulb of the heel, but it cannot prevent infection when pigs are directly exposed to either non-vaccinated or vaccinated FMDV infected pigs. Physical separation combined with vaccination is observed to block transmission. Vaccination and separation can make a significant difference in the estimated number of new infections per day. Experimental transmission studies show that the combined effect of vaccination and physical separation can significantly reduce transmission (R < 1), which is a very relevant result for the control of between-farm transmission.

scholarly journals Mast cell activators: a new class of highly effective vaccine adjuvants

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B McLachlan ◽  
Christopher P Shelburne ◽  
Justin P Hart ◽  
Salvatore V Pizzo ◽  
Rajen Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
New Class ◽  
Highly Effective

scholarly journals Review of sheep and goat pox disease: current updates on epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures in Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Girma Zewdie ◽  
Getaw Derese ◽  
Belayneh Getachew ◽  
Hassen Belay ◽  
Mirtneh Akalu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Indirect Contact

AbstractSheep pox, goat pox, and lumpy skin diseases are economically significant and contagious viral diseases of sheep, goats and cattle, respectively, caused by the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. Currently, CaPV infection of small ruminants (sheep and goats) has been distributed widely and are prevalent in Central Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Asia. This disease poses challenges to food production and distribution, affecting rural livelihoods in most African countries, including Ethiopia. Transmission occurs mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. They cause high morbidity (75-100% in endemic areas) and mortality (10-85%). Additionally, the mortality rate can approach 100% in susceptible animals. Diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms, confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation, serology and histology. Control and eradication of sheep pox virus (SPPV), goat pox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) depend on timely recognition of disease eruption, vector control, and movement restriction. To date, attenuated vaccines originating from KSGPV O-180 strains are effective and widely used in Ethiopia to control CaPV throughout the country. This vaccine strain is clinically safe to control CaPV in small ruminants but not in cattle which may be associated with insufficient vaccination coverage and the production of low-quality vaccines.

scholarly journals Airborne transmission of disease in hospitals

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Eames ◽  
J. W. Tang ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Airborne Transmission ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Scientific Questions ◽  
Transmission Of Disease

Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is an important public health issue with unacceptable levels of morbidity and mortality, over the last 5 years. Disease can be transmitted by air (over large distances), by direct/indirect contact or a combination of both routes. While contact transmission of disease forms the majority of HAI cases, transmission through the air is harder to control, but one where the engineering sciences can play an important role in limiting the spread. This forms the focus of this themed volume. In this paper, we describe the current hospital environment and review the contributions from microbiologists, mechanical and civil engineers, and mathematicians to this themed volume on the airborne transmission of infection in hospitals. The review also points out some of the outstanding scientific questions and possible approaches to mitigating transmission.

On prevention of spirochetosis of ictherohemorrhagic Inada (Veil's disease) by vaccinations

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
Н. Wаnі
Keyword(s):  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Weil’S Disease ◽  
Weil's Disease

A. managed to obtain a highly effective vaccine against Weil's disease.

IMPACT OF KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF HAND HYGIENE IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS TOWARD INFECTION CONTROL MEASURES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
Ruby Naz ◽  
Akil Hussain ◽  
Sameena Khan
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Hospital acquired infections (HAIs) are a major concern in the intensive care units (ICU)and postoperative wards. HAIs prolonged the stay of patient in hospital and increase the cost of treatment and morbidity. In ICU, stroke unit, neurosurgery ward burn unit patients are prone to have a variety of nosocomial infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) has described HAIs as one of the infectious diseases which have a huge economic impact on health industry. (1). many health workers like Staff Nurses, resident doctors and housekeeping are in direct or indirect contact with the Patients and surrounding in wards around the clock. These HCW play major role in preventing and controlling HAIs. In overpopulated country like India majority of public hospitals are overcrowded.

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