scholarly journals Modeling the effectiveness of olfactory testing to limit SARS-2-CoV transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Larremore ◽  
Derek Toomre ◽  
Roy Parker
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractA central problem in the COVID-19 pandemic is that there is not enough testing to prevent infectious spread of SARS-CoV-2, causing surges and lockdowns with human and economic toll. Molecular tests that detect viral RNAs or antigens will be unable to rise to this challenge unless testing capacity increases by at least an order of magnitude while decreasing turnaround times. Here, we evaluate an alternative strategy based on the monitoring of olfactory dysfunction, a symptom identified in 76-83% of SARS-CoV-2 infections—including those that are otherwise asymptomatic—when a standardized olfaction test is used. We model how screening for olfactory dysfunction, with reflexive molecular tests, could be beneficial in reducing community spread of SARS-CoV-2 by varying testing frequency and the prevalence, duration, and onset time of olfactory dysfunction. We find that monitoring olfactory dysfunction could reduce spread via regular screening, and could reduce risk when used at point-of-entry for single-day events. In light of these estimated impacts, and because olfactory tests can be mass produced at low cost and self-administered, we suggest that screening for olfactory dysfunction could be a high impact and cost effective method for broad COVID-19 screening and surveillance.

scholarly journals Modeling the effectiveness of olfactory testing to limit SARS-CoV-2 transmission

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Larremore ◽  
Derek Toomre ◽  
Roy Parker
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Screening And Surveillance ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

AbstractA central problem in the COVID-19 pandemic is that there is not enough testing to prevent infectious spread of SARS-CoV-2, causing surges and lockdowns with human and economic toll. Molecular tests that detect viral RNAs or antigens will be unable to rise to this challenge unless testing capacity increases by at least an order of magnitude while decreasing turnaround times. Here, we evaluate an alternative strategy based on the monitoring of olfactory dysfunction, a symptom identified in 76–83% of SARS-CoV-2 infections—including those with no other symptoms—when a standardized olfaction test is used. We model how screening for olfactory dysfunction, with reflexive molecular tests, could be beneficial in reducing community spread of SARS-CoV-2 by varying testing frequency and the prevalence, duration, and onset time of olfactory dysfunction. We find that monitoring olfactory dysfunction could reduce spread via regular screening, and could reduce risk when used at point-of-entry for single-day events. In light of these estimated impacts, and because olfactory tests can be mass produced at low cost and self-administered, we suggest that screening for olfactory dysfunction could be a high impact and cost-effective method for broad COVID-19 screening and surveillance.

scholarly journals Badges to Acknowledge Open Practices: A Simple, Low-Cost, Effective Method for Increasing Transparency

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallory Kidwell ◽  
Ljiljana B. Lazarevic ◽  
Erica Baranski ◽  
Tom Elis Hardwicke ◽  
Sarah Piechowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Open Materials ◽  
Over Time

Beginning January 2014, Psychological Science gave authors the opportunity to signal open data and materials if they qualified for badges that accompanied published articles. Before badges, less than 3% of Psychological Science articles reported open data. After badges, 23% reported open data, with an accelerating trend; 39% reported open data in the first half of 2015, an increase of more than an order of magnitude from baseline. There was no change over time in the low rates of data sharing among comparison journals. Moreover, reporting openness does not guarantee openness. When badges were earned, reportedly available data were more likely to be actually available, correct, usable, and complete than when badges were not earned. Open materials also increased to a weaker degree, and there was more variability among comparison journals. Badges are simple, effective signals to promote open practices and improve preservation of data and materials by using independent repositories.

THEORETICAL ANALYSES FOR LASER MACHINING MICROCHANNELS AND DEMONSTRATION OF THEIR USES IN MANUFACTURE OF A MICROFLUIDIC OPTICAL SWITCH

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 795-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL LIM ◽  
ERNA GONDO SANTOSO ◽  
KIM MING TEH ◽  
STEPHEN WAN ◽  
H. Y. ZHENG
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Laser Machining ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Flow Channels ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Silicon has been widely used to fabricate microfluidic devices due to the dominance of silicon microfabrication technologies available. In this paper, theoretical analyses are carried out to suggest suitable laser machining parameters to achieve required channel geometries. Based on the analyses, a low-power CO 2 laser was employed to create microchannels in Acrylic substrate for the use of manufacturing an optical bubble switch. The developed equations are found useful for selecting appropriate machining parameters. The ability to use a low-cost CO 2 laser to fabricate microchannels provides an alternative and cost-effective method for prototyping fluid flow channels, chambers and cavities in microfluidic lab chips.

scholarly journals Synchronous fluorescence as a green and selective tool for simultaneous determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 181359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Abo El Abass ◽  
Heba Elmansi
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Main Degradation Product ◽  
20 Nm

A green, sensitive and cost-effective method is introduced in this research for the determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline, simultaneously, relying on the synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude is measured at Δ λ = 20 nm, so bambuterol can be quantitated at 260 nm, and terbutaline can be measured at 290 nm, each at the zero crossing point of the other. The amplitude–concentration plots were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.2–6.0 µg ml −1 and 0.2–4.0 µg ml −1 for both bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively. Official guidelines were followed to calculate the validation parameters of the proposed method. The low values of limits of detection of 0.023, 0.056 µg ml −1 and limits of quantitation of 0.071, 0.169 µg ml −1 for bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively, point to the sensitivity of the method. Bambuterol is a prodrug for terbutaline, and the latter is considered its degradation product so the established method could be regarded as a stability-indicating one. Moreover, the proposed method was used for the analysis of bambuterol and terbutaline in their single ingredient preparations and the results revealed statistical agreement with the reference method. The suggested method, being a simple and low-cost procedure, is superior to the previously published methods which need more sophisticated techniques, longer analysis time and highly toxic solvents and reagents. It could be considered as an eco-friendly analytical procedure.

Joining Dissimilar Materials Using Friction Stir Scribe Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piyush Upadhyay ◽  
Yuri Hovanski ◽  
Saumyadeep Jana ◽  
Leonard S. Fifield
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Critical Pathway ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Polymer Metal

Development of a robust and cost-effective method of joining dissimilar materials could provide a critical pathway to enable widespread use of multimaterial designs and components in mainstream industrial applications. The use of multimaterial components such as steel-aluminum and aluminum-polymer would allow design engineers to optimize material utilization based on service requirements and could often lead to weight and cost reductions. However, producing an effective joint between materials with vastly different thermal, microstructural, and deformation responses is highly problematic using conventional joining and/or fastening methods. This is especially challenging in cost sensitive, high volume markets that largely rely on low cost joining solutions. Friction stir scribe (FSS) technology was developed to meet the demands of joining materials with drastically different properties and melting regimes. The process enables joining of light metals like magnesium and aluminum to high temperature materials like steel and titanium. Viable joints between polymer composites and metal can also be made using this method. This paper will present the state of the art, progress made, and challenges associated with this innovative derivative of friction stir welding (FSW) in reference to joining dissimilar metals and polymer/metal combinations.

Development of a Multi-Joint Postural Exposure Assessment Tool for Job Rotation

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (14) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419
Author(s):  
Kermit Davis ◽  
Susan Kotowski ◽  
Michael Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Job Rotation ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Rotation Scheme ◽  
Postural Load ◽  
Potential Methods

With practitioners more often adopting job rotation practices in their facilities, there is an increased necessity for effective methods to measure the complex exposures in the diverse jobs that may be selected for a particular job rotation scheme. Potential methods need to be both versatile and simple, ensuring easy application and low cost. The current study developed and evaluated the potential of a video-based analysis method that combines the exposure measure of four body regions: neck, shoulder, low back, and hand/wrist. Three experienced analysts assessed the postural load for all jobs within fifteen different job rotation schemes at a manufacturing facility. Several potential indices were developed, computed and discussed. Overall, the video-based analyses evaluated in the current study provide an easy and cost effective method that allows a practitioner to compare multiple stressors at one time. Future work will evaluate the effectiveness of the method in actually controlling musculoskeletal disorders as well as incorporate other risk factor exposures such as forces, repetition and motion.

scholarly journals ORF Capture-Seq: a versatile method for targeted identification of full-length isoforms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria M. Sheynkman ◽  
Katharine S. Tuttle ◽  
Elizabeth Tseng ◽  
Jason G. Underwood ◽  
Liang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Reasonable Cost ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Human Isoforms ◽  
Alternative Isoforms

AbstractMost human protein-coding genes are expressed as multiple isoforms. This in turn greatly expands the functional repertoire of the encoded proteome. While at least one reliable open reading frame (ORF) model has been assigned for every gene, the majority of alternative isoforms remains uncharacterized experimentally. This is primarily due to: i) vast differences of overall levels between different isoforms expressed from common genes, and ii) the difficulty of obtaining contiguous full-length ORF sequences. Here, we present ORF Capture-Seq (OCS), a flexible and cost-effective method that addresses both challenges for targeted full-length isoform sequencing applications using collections of cloned ORFs as probes. As proof-of-concept, we show that an OCS pipeline focused on genes coding for transcription factors increases isoform detection by an order of magnitude, compared to unenriched sample. In short, OCS enables rapid discovery of isoforms from custom-selected genes and will allow mapping of the full set of human isoforms at reasonable cost.

Fundamentals of Arc Stud Welding: An Interactive Multimedia Lesson for Shipyard Training

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Richard B. Cooper ◽  
Terry J. Reelr
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Multimedia ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Interactive Instruction ◽  
Training Costs ◽  
Stud Welding ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Video Authoring ◽  
Quality Awareness

Education and Training Panel SP-9's 1991 report, "Recommendations on the Use of Interactive Instruction for Training Shipyard Trade Skills," indicates that although very few American shipyards have used it or are familiar with it, interactive multimedia has great potential as a low-cost, effective method for the training of skilled trade tasks. These findings led SP-9 to develop an interactive lesson that demonstrates how interactive multimedia can be integrated into shipyard training programs to reduce training costs, increase productivity, promote quality awareness, and improve worker competence. The demonstration combines computer graphics, animation, still and motion video, sound, and touchscreen interaction to demonstrate the broad spectrum of the interactive multimedia technology. This paper describes the project as an example of how shipyard training departments can develop their own interactive multimedia courseware by determining appropriate applications of the technology; selecting the most suitable hardware and authoring system for delivering the instruction; researching, planning and designing the lessons; and shooting the video, authoring the courseware, and integrating them into an effective interactive multimedia course.

Enzyme entrapment in polyaniline films observed via fluorescence anisotropy and antiquenching

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1430004
Author(s):  
Louis R. Nemzer ◽  
Marisa McCaffrey ◽  
Arthur J. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Anisotropy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hydrophobic Collapse ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Polyaniline Films ◽  
Oxidoreductase Enzymes ◽  
Electron Donation ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

The facile entrapment of oxidoreductase enzymes within polyaniline polymer films by inducing hydrophobic collapse using phosphate buffered saline (PBS) has been shown to be a cost-effective method for fabricating organic biosensors. Here, we use fluorescence anisotropy measurements to verify enzyme immobilization and subsequent electron donation to the polymer matrix, both prerequisites for an effective biosensor. Specifically, we measure a three order of magnitude decrease in the ratio of the fluorescence to rotational lifetimes. In addition, the observed fluorescence antiquenching supports the previously proposed model that the polymer chain assumes a severely coiled conformation when exposed to PBS. These results help to empirically reinforce the theoretical basis previously laid out for this biosensing platform.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Photocatalytic Water Splitting over Suspended Particles

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amtiaz Nadeem ◽  
Mohd Adnan Khan ◽  
Ahmed Abdeslam Ziani ◽  
Hicham Idriss
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Co Catalysts ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

The conversion of solar to chemical energy is one of the central processes considered in the emerging renewable energy economy. Hydrogen production from water splitting over particulate semiconductor catalysts has often been proposed as a simple and a cost-effective method for large-scale production. In this review, we summarize the basic concepts of the overall water splitting (in the absence of sacrificial agents) using particulate photocatalysts, with a focus on their synthetic methods and the role of the so-called “co-catalysts”. Then, a focus is then given on improving light absorption in which the Z-scheme concept and the overall system efficiency are discussed. A section on reactor design and cost of the overall technology is given, where the possibility of the different technologies to be deployed at a commercial scale and the considerable challenges ahead are discussed. To date, the highest reported efficiency of any of these systems is at least one order of magnitude lower than that deserving consideration for practical applications.

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