Malaria awareness of adults in high, moderate and low transmission settings: A cross-sectional study in rural East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

AbstractIntroductionThe Indonesian roadmap to malaria elimination in 2009 indicated that the country is progressing towards achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Currently, most of the districts in the western part of Indonesia have eliminated malaria, however, none of the districts in East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP) have met set targets. This study aims to investigate the status of malaria awareness of rural adults in the ENTP.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019. Fourteen hundred and ninety-five participants from high, moderate, and low malaria endemic settings (MES) in ENTP were interviewed using a semi-structure questionnaire. A malaria awareness index was developed based on ten questions. Chi-square test was applied to investigate the significance of associations of malaria awareness with the three malaria endemic settings.ResultsParticipants were between 18 and 89 years old, 51.4% were female and 45.5% had completed primary education. Malaria awareness index was 48.8% with the highest in low MES 64.8%, followed by the moderate MES 44.4% and the high MES 37.2% (p<0.001). Of total participants, 81.3% were aware that malaria could be prevented and 75.1% knew at least one prevention measure. Overall, the awareness of fever as the main symptom of malaria, seeking treatment within 24 hours when suffering with malaria, and mosquito bites as the transmission mode of malaria was poor, 37.9%, 46.0%, and 59.1% respectively. The poor level of awareness was statistically significantly different amongst three MES, the level of awareness was the lowest in the high endemic setting.ConclusionMalaria awareness of rural adults needs to be improved to address Indonesia’s national action plan. Results indicate public health programs at a local government level should incorporate the malaria awareness index in their key strategic intervention packages to address local malaria awareness.

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Malaria awareness of adults in high, moderate and low transmission settings: A cross-sectional study in rural East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259950 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259950

Author(s):

Robertus Dole Guntur ◽

Jonathan Kingsley ◽

Fakir M. Amirul Islam

Keyword(s):

Malaria Elimination ◽

Participation Rate ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Structure Questionnaire ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Rural Adults

Introduction The 2009 Indonesian roadmap to malaria elimination indicated that the nation had been progressing towards achieving malaria elimination by 2030. Currently, most of the districts in the western part of Indonesia have eliminated malaria; however, none of the districts in the East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP) have met these set targets. This study aimed to investigate the status of malaria awareness of rural adults in the ENTP. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019 in high, moderate, and low malaria-endemic settings (MESs) in the ENTP. After obtaining informed consent, data were collected using an interviewer-administered structure questionnaire among 1503 participants recruited by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. A malaria awareness index was developed based on ten questions. A binary logistic regression method was applied to investigate the significance of any association between malaria awareness and the different MESs. Results The participation rate of the study was 99.5%. Of this number, 51.4% were female and 45.5% had completed primary education. The malaria awareness index was significantly low (48.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.2–52.4). Malaria awareness of rural adults residing in low endemic settings was two times higher than for those living in high endemic settings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.81–3.21) and the basic malaria knowledge of participants living in low malaria-endemic settings was almost four times higher than that in high endemic settings (AOR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.75–5.11). Of the total participants, 81.3% (95% CI: 79.1–83.5) were aware that malaria could be prevented and 75.1% (95% CI: 72.6–77.6) knew at least one prevention measure. Overall, the awareness of fever as the main symptom of malaria, mosquito bites as the transmission mode of malaria, and seeking treatment within 24 hours of suffering from malaria was poor at 37.9% (95% CI: 33.9–41.9), 59.1% (95% CI: 55.9–62.3), and 46.0% (95% CI: 42.3–49.7), respectively. The poor level of awareness was significantly different amongst the three MESs, with the lowest levels of awareness in the high endemic setting. Conclusion Malaria awareness of rural adults needs to be improved to address Indonesia’s national roadmap for malaria elimination. Results indicated that public health programs at a local government level should incorporate the malaria awareness index in their key strategic intervention to address malaria awareness.

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Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kinerja Tenaga Kesehatan Di Rawat INAP RSUD Batusangkar

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v3i3.3005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 440

Author(s):

Sri Handayani ◽

Puteri Fannya ◽

Putri Nazofah

Keyword(s):

Health Personnel ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Philippines ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Master Level

Based on data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health in 2015, In Indonesia, new professional nurses were just 2% of the total nurses. This figure was much lower than the Philippines which has reached 40% with bachelor and master level as their education. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, and leadership with the performance of health personnel. The design of this research was analytical research with Cross Sectional Study. The population in this study was all nurses and doctors who served in the internal room, children, surgery and midwifery. Sampling using total sampling by questionnaires. The data was processed by univariate and bivariate analysis using Chi-square test. The result showed that 57,8% nurses had poor performance, 56,3% doctors had poor performance, 64,4% nurses had average age 26-35 years, 56,2% doctors had average age 36-45 years, 64.4% nurses have poor leadership, and 50.0% of doctors have less good leadership. There is a relationship between age and leadership with the performance of health personnel. Berdasarkan data kemenkes RI tahun 2015 jumlah tenaga kesehatan terbanyak yaitu perawat sebanyak 147.264 orang (45,65%). Di Indonesia, perawat profesional baru mencapai 2% dari total perawat yang ada. Angka ini jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan Filipina yang sudah mencapai 40% dengan pendidikan strata satu dan dua. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara umur, kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain penelitian analitik dengan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua perawat dan dokter. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Total Sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data diolah dengan analisis univariat menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 57,8% perawat memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 56,3% dokter memiliki kinerja kurang baik, 64,4% perawat memiliki umur rata-rata 26-35 tahun 64,4%, 56,2% dokter memiliki umur rata-rata 36-45 tahun, 64,4% perawat memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik, 50,0% dokter memiliki kepemimpinan kurang baik. Terdapat hubungan antara umur dan kepemimpinan dengan kinerja tenaga kesehatan.

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Systemic disorders and the prognosis of stroke in Congolese patients: a cross-sectional study

Ghana Medical Journal ◽

10.4314/gmj.v54i4.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 225-230

Author(s):

Marc Tshilanda ◽

Ulrick S. Kanmounye ◽

Remy Kapongo ◽

Michel Tshiasuma

Keyword(s):

Stroke Patient ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Arterial Hypotension ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Stroke Event ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Mean

Objectives: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death, disability, and dementia in developing countries. Our study aimed to evaluate the systemic disorders associated with mortality in patients admitted within 72 hours of the initial stroke event. Setting: The study took place at a tertiary hospital in Kinshasa. Participants: Patients admitted within 72 hours of the initial stroke event. Interventions: This cross-sectional study consisted of a retrospective review of stroke patient records from January 2016 to December 2018. The Pearson-Chi square test and odds ratios were calculated with a threshold of significance of 0.05. Main outcome measures: Mortality Results: We recruited 114 cases. The mean age was 61.8 ± 2.4 years, and the sex ratio was 1.78 in favor of men. Hypertension (76.3%), dyslipidemia (71.1%), and diabetes mellitus (58.8%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Most patients had hypoxia (85.9%), hypertension (82.4%), hyperglycemia (57.8%), and fever (28.1%). We registered thirty-two deaths (28.1%): 20 (62.5%) from the ischemic strokes, and 12 (37.5%) from hemorrhagic strokes. Systemic disorders with the worst prognosis during were arterial hypotension (OR=3.87, p >0.001), and fever (OR = 1.56, p = 0.047). Conclusion: Arterial hypotension and fever adversely affect stroke patient outcomes, and strokes are responsible for high mortality in Congo

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ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN JAJAN DENGAN TERJADINYA PENYAKIT DIARE PADA ANAK DI SD INPRES AMARO KABUPATEN BARRU

Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis ◽

10.35892/jikd.v15i1.309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 6-9

Author(s):

Irmayani

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Chi Square Test

Diare adalah pengeluaran kotoran (tinja) dengan frekuensi yang meningkat (tiga kali dalam 24 jam) disertai dengan perubahan konsistensi tinja menjadi lembek atau cair, dengan atau tanpa darah/lendir dalam tinja.(Wijoyo, yosef 2013). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan jajan dengan terjadinya penyakit diare pada anak di SD Inpres Amaro Kabupaten barru. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian Analitik Correlative dengan desain Cross Sectional Study, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang ada di SD Inpres Amaro Kabupaten Barru sebanyak 109 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, didapatkan 51 responden sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. analisa data mencakup analisis univariat dengan mencari distribusi frekuensi, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi- Square Test dengan interval kemaknaan α 0,05. Dari hasil analisis bivariat pada kebiasaan jajan didapat nilai ρ = 0,004 dan personal hygiene didapat nilai ρ = 0,008. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara kebiasaan jajan dengan terjadinya penyakit diare pada anak di SD Inpres Amaro Kabupaten Barru

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Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132860/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Milad Al-kalisi ◽

Manal Al-Hajri ◽

Sarah Al-Rai

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.

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Position of lips and tongue in rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia

CoDAS ◽

10.1590/2317-1782/20202020069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Silvia Márcia Andrade Campanha ◽

Roberta Lopes de Castro Martinelli ◽

Durval Batista Palhares

Keyword(s):

Visual Inspection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Hospital ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

ABSTRACT Purpose Verify the position of lips and tongue at rest in newborns with and without ankyloglossia. Methods Cross-sectional study, carried out with 130 newborns in University Hospital. Data collection was performed by the researcher and speech-language pathologists from the Hospital. Information on gestational age, sex, weight, height and days of life was collected. The position of the lips and tongue at rest was evaluated through visual inspection with the newborns asleep. After the newborns were awakened, Neonatal Screening of the validated Protocol for the evaluation of the lingual frenulum for infants was performed to detect the alteration of the lingual frenulum. The data obtained were described and submitted to statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test to verify the association between the position of the lips with the tongue and to compare the position of the lips and tongue with and without ankyloglossia. The Mann-Whitney test was used to verify the behavior of the variables the differed between newborns with and without ankyloglossia. The significance level of 5% was adopted. Results When comparing the data, a significant difference was found between: weight and height with and without ankyloglossia; position of lips and tongue. An association between the position of the tongue and lips with and without ankyloglossia was also found. Conclusion Newborns without alteration of the lingual frenulum have a tendency to remain with their lips closed and their tongue elevated during rest and newborns with ankyloglossia have a tendency to keep their lips parted and their tongue low during rest.

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Overweight and obesity in 16–18 years old teenagers in South Jakarta and the relationship with academic performance

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj.v04.s3.0026 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1-3) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Marie Christabelle ◽

Bernie Endyarni Medise

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Obese People ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Academic Year

Objective: In different parts of the world, Indonesia included, overweight and obese people are seen to have worse performance compared to their healthy counterparts. Although there were research that had been done to observe the relationship between overweight, obesity, and academic performance, the results obtained were still divided into significantly and non-significantly related.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done to 373 students from two different schools in South Jakarta on December 2017–January 2018. Data was obtained by measuring height and weight of the participant to get his/her nutritional status and the average of participant’s odd semester Continual Assessment and Semestral Assessment of Academic Year 2017/2018 to see if the result was higher or equal to the passing grade.Results: Data analysis with chi square test shows that there was no significant relationship between overweight, obesity, and academic performance (p = 0.452 for Indonesian Language and p = 0.476 for Mathematics) although overweight and obese students tend to have better performance in some exam.Conclusion: The events that lead to overweight, obesity, and one’s academic performance are all multifactorial that the relationship between the two is difficult to be determined.

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Utilisation of Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty Transfer: Evidence from the Upper West Region of Ghana

Journal of Planning and Land Management ◽

10.36005/jplm.v1i1.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moses Naiim Fuseini ◽

Francis Enu-Kwesi ◽

Kwabena Barima Antwi

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

West Region ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Interview Guide ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Social Cash Transfers

The emergence of social cash transfers, including Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) scheme, in Ghana was due to the need to mitigate poverty. However, prior assessment studies focused on the entirety of the programmes, and not solely on assessing the utilisation of grants from such programmes. Consequently, this study examined the utilisation of the LEAP grant, by employing a cross-sectional study design. A sample of 302 LEAP beneficiaries was selected by means of stratified random sampling. Data from beneficiaries were gathered via a questionnaire, while an interview guide was used to collect supporting evidence from key informants. Analysis of data involved descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations, chi-square test of independence and thematic analysis. The study found that beneficiaries spent their LEAP grant on both consumption and investments, with consumption appearing dominant. Overall, beneficiaries utilised the grant in meeting their basic needs. It is, therefore, recommended that in order to develop self-sufficiency, beneficiaries must be advised by the programme officials to invest part of their grant in income generating activities to earn extra income to supplement the LEAP grant, and eventually wean them of the programme.

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A knowledge and attitude of school teachers towards learning disabilities in Bishnupur district, Manipur: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 823

Author(s):

Anaswara S. Asok ◽

Pooja Akoijam ◽

Avantika Gupta ◽

Brogen Singh Akoijam

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Favourable Attitude ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Inadequate Knowledge ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Learning problems significantly interfere with academic activities that require reading, mathematical or writing skills. In India 10-14% of children have specific learning disability. The teacher with adequate knowledge of learning disabilities and skills or competencies can do better justice to the children than teacher with general pedagogy backgrounds. The study aimed to assess the teacher’s knowledge and attitude towards learning disabilities and to determine the association between knowledge and attitude with their background characteristics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 181 teachers of both government and private schools of Bishnupur. Data collected using self-administered questionnaires assessing the knowledge and attitude. Data entered in IBM SPSS 21. Data was expressed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to check significance between proportions.Results: Data was collected from 181 teachers. Mean age of participants was 42.7±1 and 59.1% of them worked in govt. schools and 40.9% in private. 48.1% of them had adequate knowledge on learning disabilities. Majority (93.9%) had favourable attitude. Association between type of school the teachers taught and knowledge was found to be significant (p<0.05). There was no significant association between attitude with any of the socio-demographic variables.Conclusions: More than half of the teachers had inadequate knowledge on learning disabilities while majority of them had favourable attitude. Teachers belonging to govt. schools had better knowledge on learning disabilities.

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The view of parents and teachers about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in a group of preschool children

Revista CEFAC ◽

10.1590/1982-0216/201921214418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Denise Maria Zaratini Fernandes ◽

Maria Cecília Marconi Pinheiro Lima

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Sample ◽

Oral Habits ◽

Stomatognathic System ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

ABSTRACT Objective: to compare the parents and teachers views about the occurrence of deleterious oral habits in preschool children. Methods: a cross - sectional study with a quantitative analysis. Parents and teachers answered a self-administered questionnaire regarding the deleterious habits of preschool children and signed the Informed Consent Term. At the end, 221questionaries were included. The data were submitted to Chi-square test, Fisher exact and McNemar tests. Results: according to the parents, the most frequent habit was the bottle with 52.04%, followed by the pacifier with 24.09%. According to the teachers, the pacifier was the most frequent one, accounting for 20.36% of cases, followed by the use of bottle (7.69%). In the present sample, 90.95% of the children were breastfed. When related to oral habits, it was observed that the longer the breastfeeding time, the lower the use of pacifiers and bottles. By comparing the questionnaires, it was verified that the parents noticed, more frequently, the oral habits than did the teachers. Conclusion: in the group studied, the parents reported more the presence of deleterious oral habits than did the teachers. It is important that parents, and especially teachers, have information about the harm caused by the prolonged presence of such habits, so that they can encourage their interruption, thus, avoiding possible damages to the stomatognathic system and the performance of orofacial functions.

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