scholarly journals Strawberry sweetness and consumer preference are enhanced by specific volatile compounds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Fan ◽  
Tomas Hasing ◽  
Timothy S. Johnson ◽  
Drake M. Garner ◽  
Christopher R. Barbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sweetness Intensity ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Acid Esters

ABSTRACTBreeding crops for improved flavor is challenging due to the high cost of sensory evaluation and the difficulty of connecting sensory experience to chemical composition. The main goal of this study was to identify the chemical drivers of sweetness and consumer liking for fresh strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa). Fruit of 148 strawberry samples from cultivars and breeding selections were grown and harvested over seven years and were subjected to both sensory and chemical analyses. Each panel consisted of at least 100 consumers, resulting in more than 15,000 sensory data points per descriptor. Three sugars, two acids and 113 volatile compounds were quantified. Consumer liking was highly associated with sweetness intensity, texture liking, and flavor intensity, but not sourness intensity. Partial least square analyses revealed 20 volatile compounds that increased sweetness perception independently of sugars; 18 volatiles that increased liking independently of sugars; and 15 volatile compounds that had positive effects on both. Machine learning-based predictive models including sugars, acids, and volatiles explained at least 25% more variation in sweetness and liking than models accounting for sugars and acids only. Volatile compounds such as γ-dodecalactone; 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl; and multiple medium-chain fatty acid esters may serve as targets for breeding or quality control attributes for strawberry products. A genetic association study identified two loci controlling ester production, both on linkage group 6A. Co-segregating makers in these regions can be used for increasing multiple esters simultaneously. This study demonstrates a paradigm for improvement of fruit sweetness and flavor in which consumers drive the identification of the most important chemical targets, which in turn drives the discovery of genetic targets for marker-assisted breeding.

scholarly journals Strawberry sweetness and consumer preference are enhanced by specific volatile compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Fan ◽  
Tomas Hasing ◽  
Timothy S. Johnson ◽  
Drake M. Garner ◽  
Christopher R. Barbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Sensory Data ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sweetness Intensity ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Acid Esters

AbstractBreeding crops for improved flavor is challenging due to the high cost of sensory evaluation and the difficulty of connecting sensory experience to chemical composition. The main goal of this study was to identify the chemical drivers of sweetness and consumer liking for fresh strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa). Fruit of 148 strawberry samples from cultivars and breeding selections were grown and harvested over seven years and were subjected to both sensory and chemical analyses. Each panel consisted of at least 100 consumers, resulting in more than 15,000 sensory data points per descriptor. Three sugars, two acids and 113 volatile compounds were quantified. Consumer liking was highly associated with sweetness intensity, texture liking, and flavor intensity, but not sourness intensity. Partial least square analyses revealed 20 volatile compounds that increased sweetness perception independently of sugars; 18 volatiles that increased liking independently of sugars; and 15 volatile compounds that had positive effects on both. Machine learning-based predictive models including sugars, acids, and volatiles explained at least 25% more variation in sweetness and liking than models accounting for sugars and acids only. Volatile compounds such as γ-dodecalactone; 5-hepten-2-one, 6-methyl; and multiple medium-chain fatty acid esters may serve as targets for breeding or quality control attributes for strawberry products. A genetic association study identified two loci controlling ester production, both on linkage group 6 A. Co-segregating makers in these regions can be used for increasing multiple esters simultaneously. This study demonstrates a paradigm for improvement of fruit sweetness and flavor in which consumers drive the identification of the most important chemical targets, which in turn drives the discovery of genetic targets for marker-assisted breeding.

scholarly journals Estimation of carcass weight of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) as a function of body measurements using statistical models and a neural network

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1633-1641
Author(s):  
Dae-Hyun Lee ◽  
Seung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Byoung-Kwan Cho ◽  
Collins Wakholi ◽  
Young-Wook Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Least Square Regression ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a model for estimating the carcass weight of Hanwoo cattle as a function of body measurements using three different modeling approaches: i) multiple regression analysis, ii) partial least square regression analysis, and iii) a neural network.Methods: Data from a total of 134 Hanwoo cattle were obtained from the National Institute of Animal Science in South Korea. Among the 372 variables in the raw data, 20 variables related to carcass weight and body measurements were extracted to use in multiple regression, partial least square regression, and an artificial neural network to estimate the cold carcass weight of Hanwoo cattle by any of seven body measurements significantly related to carcass weight or by all 19 body measurement variables. For developing and training the model, 100 data points were used, whereas the 34 remaining data points were used to test the model estimation.Results: The R2 values from testing the developed models by multiple regression, partial least square regression, and an artificial neural network with seven significant variables were 0.91, 0.91, and 0.92, respectively, whereas all the methods exhibited similar R2 values of approximately 0.93 with all 19 body measurement variables. In addition, relative errors were within 4%, suggesting that the developed model was reliable in estimating Hanwoo cattle carcass weight. The neural network exhibited the highest accuracy.Conclusion: The developed model was applicable for estimating Hanwoo cattle carcass weight using body measurements. Because the procedure and required variables could differ according to the type of model, it was necessary to select the best model suitable for the system with which to calculate the model.

ANALISIS DETERMINASI KEANDALAN DAN TIMELINESS PELAPORAN KEUANGAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Nur Laila Yuliani ◽  
Barkah Susanto ◽  
Farida Farida
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
Positive Effects

<p><em>This study is aimed at examining factors affecting the reliability and timeliness of financial reporting. These factors include human resources, utilization of information technology, internal control of accounting, organizational commitment and supporting system. The main ground of this study is an empirical study on the factors that affect the reliability and timeliness of financial reporting which have been varied in the results and increasingly important and strong public demands for accountability. The sample of this study consists of 83 employees in BLUDs around Kedu residency. The analysis of the data are measured through Partial Least Square (WarpPLS). This study provides an evidence that human resources, internal control of accounting, organizational commitment and supporting system have positive effects on the reliability of financial reporting. On the other hand, the utilization of information technology does not positively effect the reliability of financial reporting. Meanwhile, the utilization of information technology, internal control of accounting, and organizational commitment positively affects timeliness of financial reporting, while the human resources, and supporting system do no have positive effect on the timeliness of financial reporting.</em></p>

IT Enabled Organisational Agility

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunshi Mao ◽  
Jing Quan
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pearl River Delta Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Pearl River ◽  
Organisational Agility

This paper examines the role of information technology (IT) in enabling organisational agility. The authors focus on two IT capabilities, IT exploration and IT exploitation. On the basis of conceptualisation of the capability lifecycle and a hierarchy of dynamic capabilities, the authors establish a theoretical linkage between lower-order capability and higher-order capability, i.e., IT exploration capability to IT exploitation capability to organisational agility. Using the partial least square approach, the authors empirically test the proposed relationships using data from 289 manufacturers in the Pearl River Delta region of Guangdong province, People's Republic of China. Our results suggest the positive effects of IT exploration and exploitation capabilities on customer, operational and partner agilities. In addition, the authors find that IT exploitation capability mediates the relationship between IT exploration capability and organisational agility. On the basis of our findings, implications for theory and practice as well as future research opportunities are discussed.

scholarly journals Students’ Acceptance of Simulation Games in Management Courses: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Dalal Bamufleh ◽  
Reem Hussain ◽  
Eman Sheikh ◽  
Khlood Khodary
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Simulation Games ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Facilitating Conditions ◽  
Use Behavior

As a new trend in learning, simulation games play an active and essential role in the area of educational technology. Gaming makes a positive impact on the learning process. It has the capability to enhance creativity, problem-solving, communication, decision-making, and collaboration (Faizan et al., 2015). This paper is aimed at exploring the factors that affect students&rsquo; acceptance and use of simulation games in management courses. In this study, the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) is utilized to investigate students&rsquo; intentions regarding using simulation games for learning. The proposed model and its hypotheses are tested by surveying 115 students at Yanbu University College in Saudi Arabia. Data are gathered and analyzed using smart partial least square. After analysis, the results prove that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence have positive effects on behavioral intentions (BI) and that facilitating conditions have a positive impact on use behavior (UB). In addition, a positive effect is found between BI and UB. The authors utilize the study findings to highlight some recommendations that could improve the implementation of simulation games. Finally, future studies are recommended to increase the sample size for more reliable results and conclusions.

scholarly journals Characterization of Polyphenol and Volatile Fractions of Californian-Style Black Olives and Innovative Application of E-nose for Acrylamide Determination

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2973
Author(s):  
Elísabet Martín-Tornero ◽  
Ramiro Sánchez ◽  
Jesús Lozano ◽  
Manuel Martínez ◽  
Patricia Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Olive Cultivars

Californian-style black olives require a sterilization treatment that produces a carcinogenic contaminant, acrylamide. Thus, this compound was evaluated in two different olive cultivars using an electronic nose (E-nose). The sterilization intensity had a significant influence on the final phenol concentrations, acrylamide content, and volatile compounds. Increasing the sterilization intensity from 10 to 26 min (F0) reduced the phenol content, but it promoted acrylamide synthesis, leading to a wide range of this toxic substance. The Ester and phenol groups of volatile compounds decreased their content when the sterilization treatment increased; however, aldehyde and other volatile compound groups significantly increased their contents according to the thermal treatments. The compounds 4-ethenyl-pyridine, benzaldehyde, and 2,4-dimethyl-hexane are volatile compounds with unpleasant odours and demonstrated a high amount of influence on the differences found after the application of the thermal treatments. The “Manzanilla Cacereña” variety presented the highest amount of phenolic compounds and the lowest acrylamide content. Finally, it was found that acrylamide content is correlated with volatile compounds, which was determined using multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.9994). Furthermore, the aroma of table olives was analysed using an E-nose, and these results combined with Partial Least Square (PLS) were shown to be an accurate method (range to error ratio (RER) >10 and ratio of performance to deviation (RPD) >2.5) for the indirect quantification of this toxic substance.

scholarly journals The Mediating Role of Commitment in The Relationship Between Mobile Service Quality and Mobile Shopping Customer Loyalty in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Komatan Dharaman ◽  
Razli Che Razak
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Consumer Innovativeness ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fashion Involvement

Online shopping is becoming increasingly important in the current era, rendering comprehension of consumer online shopping habits crucial. This notion rings true in the context of users and companies alike, thereby emerging as a big concern for e-commerce managers and researchers. One may assume that only by understanding the factors influencing consumer buying intentions for fashion items online will companies be better-positioned for meeting consumer needs. In this analysis, the relationship between customer online purchasing intentions and selected factors was investigated, specifically consumer innovativeness, fashion innovativeness, and fashion involvement. Quantitative research was implemented in the process, involving fashion online shoppers in Malaysia as the respondents after being selected via quota sampling from the ten most popular fashion shopping websites in Malaysia. The statistical method of Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was then employed for the proposed model testing. The findings subsequently revealed the positive effects of consumer innovativeness, and fashion involvement on online purchase intention, whereas any significant relationship between the variable with fashion innovativeness was absent. However, this analysis was conducted in Malaysia; therefore, the results could be different if tested in other countries. Hence, similar studies related to fashion online purchase intention should be replicated in other Asian countries in the future.

scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF THE PERFORMANCE AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF ZAKĀH ORGANIZATIONS IN YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Wirawan Hardinto ◽  
Sigit Handoyo
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Organization Performance ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Organization Commitment ◽  
Positive Effects

This study aimed to investigate the influence of spirituality, internal control, and organization commitment toward Zakāh organization performance and internal control toward accountability in Zakāh organizations. The population of the study is the staff of BAZ and LAZ in Province of DI Yogyakarta who has a minimum position at the middle manager. There are 16 of 28 BAZ and LAZ in Province of DI Yogyakarta which participated in this research. The number of the sample was 63 respondents. All data of the respective measurement items are tested with reliability and validity test based on Alpha Cronbach to the internal consistency by using SPSS program version 15 and to analyze the structural equation model by using PLS (Partial Least Square). The model of the relationship between five variables is shown that internal control has positive effects on accountability. Accountability has a positive relation with Zakāh organization performance. Internal control has a positive relation with Zakāh organization performance. Meanwhile, organization commitment does not influence on Zakāh organization performance. Spirituality has a positive relation to Zakāh organization performance.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PELATIHAN FORMAL DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DENGAN MOTIVASI INTRINSIK SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (Studi Kasus pada Yayasan Pendidikan Informatika Serang)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djaka Adiwinata ◽  
Bambang Triadji ◽  
M Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Teacher Performance ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Teacher role in challenges organization and reaching its objectives can happen when education teacher speaks apply what has gathered in training to students, the compensation, and motivation to excel. This study aims to see if formal training and compensation to depend on the intrinsic motivation and performance teacher at Yayasan Pendidikan Informatika. In this research, the methodology used is research causality. To answer the hypothesis using data analysis Structural Equation Model (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square). Based on the results of testing SEM obtained formal training have had a positive impact and significant impact on motivation intrinsic teachers, compensation influential positive and significantly to motivation intrinsic teachers, formal training has a positive and significant impact on teacher performance, compensation it has some positive effects and significantly correlates with is placed on teacher performance, Intrinsic motivation has a positive and significant effect on teacher performance.

scholarly journals Implications of Value Co-Creation in Green Hotels: The Moderating Effect of Trip Purpose and Generational Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9866
Author(s):  
Mihaela Simona Moise ◽  
Irene Gil-Saura ◽  
María-Eugenia Ruiz-Molina
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Competitive Strategies ◽  
Trip Purpose ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Green Hotels

Recently, great interest in value co-creation has been revealed among both academics and practitioners in the hotel sector. However, few studies are analyzing the consequences of co-creation behavior from the customer perspective in “green” (environmentally-friendly) hotels. This study explores the relationships between value co-creation and guest trust, satisfaction, and loyalty in the context of green hotels. Moreover, the role of trip purpose and generational cohort as moderating variables in these relationships is tested. The data are collected through a personal survey from 309 Spanish hotel guests, and the partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) is employed to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study reveal that guest participation in the hotel’s process of value co-creation positively affects guests’ trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. Additionally, both trust and satisfaction are positively linked with customer loyalty. The findings here also suggest that only customers’ age moderates some of the relationships considered (i.e., trust–loyalty and satisfaction–loyalty). To practice, this study provides managerial implications to help hoteliers use value co-creation to develop competitive strategies that will generate more value for tourists due to the positive effects of these strategies on tourist trust, satisfaction, and loyalty.

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