scholarly journals Economic Burden of Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Upper-Middle-Income Countries: Protocol For A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Ramos Rocha-Filho ◽  
Aline Pereira Rocha ◽  
Felipe Sebastiao de Assis Reis ◽  
Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto ◽  
Gabriel Sodre Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

Objective: To synthesize the available data on the economic burden of Coronavirus Diseases 2019 (COVID-19), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)-related Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), and Parainfluenza Virus type III (PIV3)-related ARI in Upper-Middle-Income Countries (UMIC), highlighting its major causes and comparing direct costs among nations. Study design: Systematic review, following the recommendations proposed in the Cochrane Handbook, but with some adaptations from previous economic studies. Review question: Is there any economic cost of viral ARI in UMIC? Types of studies to be included: Partial economic evaluation, such as Cost-of-Illness (COI) studies and burden of illness/diseases, database analysis, observational reports (cross-sectional studies, and prospective and retrospective cohort), and economic modelling studies that discuss one of the viral ARI in UMIC. No year of publication filter or language limit will be applied. Search databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, CINAHL, EconLit, CRD Library, MedRxiv, and Research Square. Moreover, hand searches of the bibliographies of included studies and relevant reviews identified during the screening process will be undertaken to identify any additional relevant study for inclusion in our review. Synthesis of results: Qualitative analysis. We will focus on the overall economic burden of the diseases on health systems and population; total direct cost; the contribution of different cost components to the economic burden (e.g. pharmacological therapy, hospitalization); comparative assessments of costs analysis across geographical location and time horizon; and current research gaps. Moreover, we intend to identify, when presented, prevalence and incidence rates of each disease. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020225757.

The Economic Cost of Violence Against Women and Girls in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110160
Author(s):  
Seema Vyas ◽  
Melissa Meinhart ◽  
Katrina Troy ◽  
Hannah Brumbaum ◽  
Catherine Poulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Female Genital Cutting ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Evidence demonstrating the economic burden of violence against women and girls can support policy and advocacy efforts for investment in violence prevention and response programming. We undertook a systematic review of evidence on the costs of violence against women and girls in low- and middle-income countries published since 2005. In addition to understanding costs, we examined the consistency of methodological approaches applied and identified and assessed common methodological issues. Thirteen articles were identified, eight of which were from sub-Saharan Africa. Eight studies estimated costs associated with domestic or intimate partner violence, others estimated the costs of interpersonal violence, female genital cutting, and sexual assaults. Methodologies applied to estimate costs were typically based on accounting approaches. Our review found that out-of-pocket expenditures to individuals for seeking health care after an episode of violence ranged from US$29.72 (South Africa) to US$156.11 (Romania) and that lost productivity averaged from US$73.84 to US$2,151.48 (South Africa) per facility visit. Most studies that estimated provider costs of service delivery presented total programmatic costs, and there was variation in interventions, scale, and resource inputs measured which hampered comparability. Variations in methodological assumptions and data availability also made comparisons across countries and settings challenging. The limited scope of studies in measuring the multifaceted impacts of violence highlights the challenges in identifying cost metrics that extend beyond specific violence episodes. Despite the limited evidence base, our assessment leads us to conclude that the estimated costs of violence against women and girls are a fraction of its true economic burden.

scholarly journals Economics of physical activity in low-income and middle- income countries: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e037784
Author(s):  
Priyanga Diloshini Ranasinghe ◽  
Subhash Pokhrel ◽  
Nana Kwame Anokye
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

BackgroundPromotion of physical activity (PA) among populations is a global health investment. However, evidence on economic aspects of PA is sparse and scattered in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to summarise the available evidence on economics of PA in LMICs, identify potential target variables for policy and report gaps in the existing economic evidence alongside research recommendations.Data sourcesA systematic review of the electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus) and grey literature.Study eligibility criteriaCost-of-illness studies, economic evaluations, interventions and descriptive studies on economic factors associated with PA using preset eligibility criteria.Study appraisal and synthesis of methodsScreening, study selection and quality appraisal based on standard checklists performed by two reviewers with consensus of a third reviewer. Descriptive synthesis of data was performed.ResultsThe majority of the studies were from upper-middle-income countries (n=16, 88.8%) and mainly from Brazil (n=9, 50%). Only one economic evaluation study was found. The focus of the reviewed literature spanned the economic burden of physical inactivity (n=4, 22%), relationship between PA and costs (n=6, 46%) and socioeconomic determinants of PA (n=7, 39%). The findings showed a considerable economic burden due to insufficient PA, with LMICs accounting for 75% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally due to insufficient PA. Socioeconomic correlates of PA were identified, and inverse relationship of PA with the cost of chronic diseases was established. Regular PA along with drug treatment as a treatment scheme for chronic diseases showed advantages with a cost–utility ratio of US$3.21/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) compared with the drug treatment-only group (US$3.92/QALY) by the only economic evaluation conducted in the LMIC, Brazil.LimitationsMeta-analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity of the studies.Conclusions and recommendationsEconomic evaluation studies for PA promotion interventions/strategies and local research from low-income countries are grossly inadequate. Setting economic research agenda in LMICs ought to be prioritised in those areas.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018099856.

scholarly journals The economic burden of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Gheorghe ◽  
Ulla Griffiths ◽  
Adrianna Murphy ◽  
Helena Legido-Quigley ◽  
Peter Lamptey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Access to General Healthcare Services for People with Disabilities in Low and Middle Income Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess Bright ◽  
Hannah Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: A systematic review was undertaken to explore access to general healthcare services for people with disabilities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: Six electronic databases were searched in February 2017. Studies comparing access to general healthcare services by people with disabilities to those without disabilities from LMICs were included. Eligible measures of healthcare access included: utilisation, coverage, adherence, expenditure, and quality. Studies measuring disability using self-reported or clinical assessments were eligible. Title, abstract and full-text screening and data extraction was undertaken by the two authors. Results: Searches returned 13,048 studies, of which 50 studies were eligible. Studies were predominantly conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (30%), Latin America (24%), and East Asia/Pacific (12%). 74% of studies used cross-sectional designs and the remaining used case-control designs. There was evidence that utilisation of healthcare services was higher for people with disabilities, and healthcare expenditure was higher. There were less consistent differences between people with and without disabilities in other access measures. However, the wide variation in type and measurement of disability, and access outcomes, made comparisons across studies difficult. Conclusions: Developing common metrics for measuring disability and healthcare access will improve the availability of high quality, comparable data, so that healthcare access for people with disabilities can be monitored and improved.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review Investigating the Relation Between Animal-Source Food Consumption and Stunting in Children Aged 6–60 Months in Low and Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 827-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra J Shapiro ◽  
Shauna M Downs ◽  
Haley J Swartz ◽  
Megan Parker ◽  
Diana Quelhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Animal Source ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Animal-source foods (ASFs) are a food group of interest for interventions aimed at reducing stunting and other inadequate growth measures in early childhood. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the relation between ASF consumption and stunting in children aged 6–60 mo in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The secondary aim was to examine the relation between ASF consumption and other indicators of growth and development (length/height, weight, head circumference, and anemia). A search of the peer-reviewed and grey literature published from January 1980 to June 2017 was conducted. Databases searched included CINAHL, Embase, Global Index Medicus, PubMed, and Web of Science. There were 14,783 records and 116 full text articles dual screened; 21 studies were included in the review and were dual evaluated for risk of bias (RoB). The relation between ASF and stunting (length- or height-for-age z-score←2) was examined in randomized-controlled trials [(RCTs), n = 3] and cross-sectional studies (n = 4) only; ASF reduced stunting in 1 RCT and was associated with reduced stunting in 1 cross-sectional study. We did not identify any longitudinal cohorts that examined this relation. The relation between ASF and secondary indicators length/height, weight, head circumference, and anemia were largely nonsignificant across study designs. The intervention/exposure, comparator, outcome measures, methods, and analyses were highly heterogeneous. Although we did not find a consistent relation between ASF consumption and our primary and secondary outcomes, this may have been a function of inconsistencies in study design. Foods in the whole diet, particularly combination dishes, are inherently difficult to assess. To quantitatively assess the relation between ASF and stunting and other indicators of growth and iron status in early childhood, future research should provide consistency in the definition and quantification of the exposure and outcomes allowing for interstudy quantitative comparisons.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review to Evaluate the Association between Clean Cooking Technologies and Time Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Simkovich ◽  
Kendra N. Williams ◽  
Suzanne Pollard ◽  
David Dowdy ◽  
Sheela Sinharoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Clean Fuel ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Interventions implementing clean fuels to mitigate household air pollution in low- and middle-income countries have focused on environmental and health outcomes, but few have evaluated time savings. We performed a systematic review, searching for studies of clean fuel interventions that measured time use. A total of 868 manuscripts were identified that met the search criteria, but only 2 met the inclusion criteria. Both were cross-sectional and were conducted in rural India. The first surveyed the female head of household (141 using biogas and 58 using biomass) and reported 1.2 h saved per day collecting fuel and 0.7 h saved cooking, resulting in a combined 28.9 days saved over an entire year. The second surveyed the head of household (37 using biogas and 68 using biomass, 13% female) and reported 1.5 h saved per day collecting fuel, or 22.8 days saved over a year. Based on these time savings, we estimated that clean fuel use could result in a 3.8% or 4.7% increase in daily income, respectively, not including time or costs for fuel procurement. Clean fuel interventions could save users time and money. Few studies have evaluated this potential benefit, suggesting that prospective studies or randomized controlled trials are needed to adequately measure gains.

A systematic review of the social and economic burden of influenza in low- and middle-income countries

Vaccine ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (48) ◽  
pp. 6537-6544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha de Francisco (Shapovalova) ◽  
Morgane Donadel ◽  
Mark Jit ◽  
Raymond Hutubessy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Surgical site infection and costs in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the economic burden

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0232960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Monahan ◽  
Susan Jowett ◽  
Thomas Pinkney ◽  
Peter Brocklehurst ◽  
Dion G. Morton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Estimating epidemiological and economic burden and community derived disability weights for snake bite in Kerala: a study protocol

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Jaideep C. Menon ◽  
Denny John ◽  
Geeta R. Menon ◽  
Joseph K. Joseph ◽  
P. Rakesh Suseela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Burden ◽  
Disability Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Disability Weights ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Background: In India, lack of data and underreporting of cases and deaths due to snakebite makes it difficult to estimate its socio-economic burden. Previous studies measuring economic burden of snakebite in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) using different approaches have been conducted, but none  in India. The proposed study aims to provide evidence on disability weights, epidemiological and economic burden due to snakebites in Kerala state, India. Protocol: The study is a community based cross-sectional study recruiting victims of snakebite occurring over a 12 month period prior to start of the study , across  Ernakulam district, Kerala state, India. For the community-derived disability weights,70 adult patients who were treated within a 3 month period prior to commencement of the study at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi or Little Flower Hospital, Angamaly would be interviewed. The study will measure annual incidence, mortality, treatment cost of snakebites along with community-derived disability weights for snakebites in Ernakulam district.. Standard methods for analysis and reporting of mortality, morbidity, Years of Lives Lost (YLL), Years lived with disability (YLD), disability weights, and costs of treatment will be calculated. The study will be started in April 2021 and is expected to be completed by July2021.. Discussion: This protocol is the first published for estimating epidemiological, economic burden and community derived disability weights for snakebites in India. Besides, the Global Burden of Disease has not attached a particular disability weight to snakebite and this would be an attempt to do so. The protocol has been developed using guidelines for cross-sectional studies, cost of illness studies and international guidelines for conducting community derived disability weights. The evidence generated by this study will contribute significantly to knowledge regarding the epidemiology, economic burden and community-derived disability weights for snakebites in India and other countries where incidence of snakebite is high.

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