scholarly journals The role of changes in environmental quality in multitrait plastic responses to environmental and social change in the model microalgaChlamydomonas reinhardtii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio J. Melero-Jiménez ◽  
Antonio Flores-Moya ◽  
Sinéad Collins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variation ◽  
Plastic Responses

AbstractIntraspecific variation plays a key role in species’ responses to environmental change; however, little is known about the role of changes in environmental quality (the population growth rate an environment supports) on intraspecific trait variation. Here, we hypothesize that intraspecific trait variation will be higher in ameliorated environments than in degraded ones. We first measure the range of multitrait phenotypes over a range of environmental qualities for three strains and two evolutionary histories ofChlamydomonas reinhardtiiin laboratory conditions. We then explore how environmental quality and trait variation affect the predictability of lineage frequencies when lineage pairs are grown in indirect co-culture. Our results show that environmental quality has the potential to affect intraspecific variability both in terms of the variation in expressed trait values, and in terms of the genotype composition of rapidly growing populations. We found low phenotypic variability in degraded or same-quality environments and high phenotypic variability in ameliorated conditions. This variation can affect population composition, as monoculture growth rate is a less reliable predictor of lineage frequencies in ameliorated environments. Our study highlights that understanding whether populations experience environmental change as an increase or a decrease in quality relative to their recent history affects the changes in trait variation during plastic responses, including growth responses to the presence of conspecifics. This points towards a fundamental role for changes in overall environmental quality in driving phenotypic variation within closely-related populations, with implications for microevolution.

Growth responses of six bryophyte species to different light intensities

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Plastic Responses

The growth responses of Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium praelongum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiomnium undulatum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, and Thuidiurn tamariscinum, growing under seven different light conditions, were determined in a 36-day laboratory experiment. Biomass production, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, and morphological plastic responses (bending of the shoots) were determined following initial and final harvests. All species achieved greater biomass as irradiance increased. This trend was also observed in the relative growth rates, which were higher as irradiance increased, for all the bryophytes investigated. All species except L. bidentata showed an increased elevation of the shoot as irradiance decreased. Total chlorophyll was higher in all species at the lowest irradiance level, but no clear differences were observed in the ratios of chlorophyll a to b for all the species. Key words: grassland bryophytes, light intensity, growth analysis, plasticity.

The role of intraspecific trait variation in the occupation of sharp forest-savanna ecotones

Flora ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus C. Silva ◽  
Grazielle S. Teodoro ◽  
Evelyn F.A. Bragion ◽  
Eduardo van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Trait Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variation

scholarly journals Shifts between cooperation and antagonism driven by individual variation: A systematic synthesis review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Patrick Moran ◽  
Barbara Caspers ◽  
Nayden Chakarov ◽  
Uli Ernst ◽  
Claudia Fricke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variation ◽  
Plant Animal Interactions ◽  
Aggressive Personality

The outcomes of ecological interactions fall along a continuum from cooperative (mutually beneficial) to antagonistic (detrimental to one or both parties). This applies at both interspecific (e.g. plant-animal interactions) and intraspecific levels (e.g. male-female interactions). Phenotypic variation among individuals is increasingly being recognised as an important factor in ecological processes, and trait variation in either interacting party may determine the outcome of the interaction, such as whether a symbiont provides net costs or benefits to their host, or whether two conspecifics decide to cooperatively forage or to compete over food. This systematic review investigates the role of intraspecific trait variation (‘ITV’) in determining the cooperative-antagonistic outcome of ecological interactions. Based on a literature collection of 95 empirical and theoretical publications meeting our inclusion criteria, we give an overview of the various mechanisms that can lead to shifts between antagonism and cooperation within or between species. We describe two broad classes of interrelated mechanisms that may drive shifts in outcomes. First, trait frequency effects occur when processes influencing a population’s composition of traits linked to cooperation or antagonism (e.g. aggressive personality types, cheater/exploiter phenotypes etc.) lead to net shifts in interaction outcome. Second, systemic variance effects occur when changes in the amount of ITV in the population (as opposed to the mean phenotype) is the factor driving shifts. Both heritable genetic differences among individuals and phenotypic plasticity are important sources of phenotypic variation. The specific mix of heritable vs. plastic ITV may determine whether a change from cooperative to antagonistic, or vice versa, is likely to be short-term (i.e. context-dependent) or lead to more persistent shifts (e.g. mutualism breakdown). To guide future research on this topic we describe knowledge gaps and divergences between empirical and theoretical literature, further highlighting the value of applying research synthesis methods in ecology and evolution.

scholarly journals Beyond buying time: the role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1768) ◽  
pp. 20180174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Fox ◽  
Jennifer M. Donelson ◽  
Celia Schunter ◽  
Timothy Ravasi ◽  
Juan D. Gaitán-Espitia
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
The Future ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Plastic Responses ◽  
Rapid Environmental Change

How populations and species respond to modified environmental conditions is critical to their persistence both now and into the future, particularly given the increasing pace of environmental change. The process of adaptation to novel environmental conditions can occur via two mechanisms: (1) the expression of phenotypic plasticity (the ability of one genotype to express varying phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions), and (2) evolution via selection for particular phenotypes, resulting in the modification of genetic variation in the population. Plasticity, because it acts at the level of the individual, is often hailed as a rapid-response mechanism that will enable organisms to adapt and survive in our rapidly changing world. But plasticity can also retard adaptation by shifting the distribution of phenotypes in the population, shielding it from natural selection. In addition to which, not all plastic responses are adaptive—now well-documented in cases of ecological traps. In this theme issue, we aim to present a considered view of plasticity and the role it could play in facilitating or hindering adaption to environmental change. This introduction provides a re-examination of our current understanding of the role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptation and sets the theme issue's contributions in their broader context. Four key themes emerge: the need to measure plasticity across both space and time; the importance of the past in predicting the future; the importance of the link between plasticity and sexual selection; and the need to understand more about the nature of selection on plasticity itself. We conclude by advocating the need for cross-disciplinary collaborations to settle the question of whether plasticity will promote or retard species' rates of adaptation to ever-more stressful environmental conditions. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of plasticity in phenotypic adaptation to rapid environmental change’.

Emerging Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Commerce in India: A Study on Societal Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Utkarsh Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Gope ◽  
Shweta Singh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Societal Perspective ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Mobile Commerce ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The People ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

In India, the position of mobile banking was in saga and this time, it is in pic position. The speedof reaching the people is going high and high. This is time of wireless world and sense of prestige; no doubt the mobile commerce is contributing to enhance the beauty of life and playing the role of metaphor and has become the part and parcel of our life. This growth has changed people to do business in mobile commerce (М- Commerce). Peoples are transferring to M-Commerce to attain good and fast transaction into market and saving their precious time. M-Commerce has become distinguished in Indian people, quickly during last few years. Due to large number of mobile application, growth rate in mobile penetration in India is increasing with the rapid speed. The mobile users has shifted to use the android phone from simple and black and white phone and taking the service of internet, the role of telecom companies is also important in the being popular of mobile commerce. Although many people have started E-Commerce but still a separate part of the society feel uncomfortable and hesitate to use M-Commerce because of security problems, payment issues and complexity of mobile applications. This paper identifies facts about the feasibility of MCommercein India today its growth and the Strength and opportunity, weakness and threats lying ahead.

Political Consumerism for Sustainable Tourism

2018 ◽  
pp. 348-366
Author(s):  
Machiel Lamers ◽  
Jeroen Nawijn ◽  
Eke Eijgelaar
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Consumerism ◽  
Global Environmental

Over the last decades a substantial and growing societal and academic interest has emerged for the development of sustainable tourism. Scholars have highlighted the contribution of tourism to global environmental change and to local, detrimental social and environmental effects as well as to ways in which tourism contributes to nature conservation. Nevertheless the role of tourist consumers in driving sustainable tourism has remained unconvincing and inconsistent. This chapter reviews the constraints and opportunities of political consumerism for sustainable tourism. The discussion covers stronger pockets and a key weak pocket of political consumerism for sustainable tourism and also highlights inconsistencies in sustainable tourism consumption by drawing on a range of social theory arguments and possible solutions. The chapter concludes with an agenda for future research on this topic.

scholarly journals Intraspecific trait variation alters the outcome of competition in freshwater ciliates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Flöder ◽  
Joanne Yong ◽  
Toni Klauschies ◽  
Ursula Gaedke ◽  
Tobias Poprick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Variation ◽  
Intraspecific Trait Variation ◽  
Freshwater Ciliates
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document