scholarly journals Acceptability and efficacy of vaginal self-sampling for genital infection and bacterial vaginosis: A large, cross-sectional, non-inferiority trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camus Claire ◽  
Penaranda Guillaume ◽  
Khiri Hacène ◽  
Camiade Sabine ◽  
Molet Lucie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTObjectiveScreening for genital infection (GI), bacterial vaginosis (BV), sexually transmitted infection (STI) and asymptomatic carriage of group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women is a common reason for medical appointments. Objectives were first to determine the non-inferiority of vaginal self-sampling compared with vaginal/cervical classical sampling to screen for GIs, bacterial vaginosis (BV), STIs, and GBS asymptomatic carriage in pregnant women; second to determine the feasibility of vaginal self-sampling.MethodsVaginal self-sampling (VSS) and vaginal/cervical classical sampling (VCS) of 1027 women were collected by health care professionals and simultaneously carried out on each patient. Bacterial infection, yeast infection, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis and Herpes simplex virus types were systematically screened in both paired VSS and VCS samples.ResultsStatistical tests supported the non-inferiority of VSS compared with VCS. Agreements between VCS and VSS remained high regardless of the type of studied infection. VSS had successful diagnostic performances, especially for Predictive negative value (PNV) (over 90%) for all studied infections. Most participants (84%) recommended the use of VSS.ConclusionsThis study remains the most exhaustive in screening for GI, BV, STI agents and asymptomatic GBS carriage. Given its efficacy and acceptability, VSS seems to be a viable alternative to classic physician sampling among women in the general population. This study provides evidence that vaginal self-sampling can be used as a universal specimen for detection of lower genital tract infections in women.Study Identification numberID-RCB 2014-A01250-4

scholarly journals Acceptability and efficacy of vaginal self-sampling for genital infection and bacterial vaginosis: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0260021
Author(s):  
Claire Camus ◽  
Guillaume Penaranda ◽  
Hacène Khiri ◽  
Sabine Camiade ◽  
Lucie Molet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tract Infections

Background & aim Screening for genital infection (GI) such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) and yeast infection, for sexually transmitted infection (STI), and for asymptomatic carriage of group B streptococcus (GBS) in pregnant women are common reason for medical appointments. The diagnosis and control of GIs, STIs, and GBS are major issues, for fertility and overall well-being of affected women. Conventional testing is performed using vaginal/cervical classical sampling (VCS); this procedure requires pelvic examination performed by health care professionals which raises concerns among women. Vaginal-self-sampling (VSS), as an alternative to VCS, might capture more women. The aim was first to show non-inferiority of VSS compared with VCS to screen for GIs, STIs, and GBS; second to determine the feasibility of VSS. Methods VSS and VCS from 1027 women were collected by health care professionals and simultaneously carried out on each patient. GIs, STIs, and GBS were systematically screened in both paired VSS and VCS samples. Non-inferiority of VSS compared with VCS was assessed using z statistic for binomial proportions. Results Prevalence of GIs were 39.7% using VSS and 38.1% using VCS (p = 0.0016). Prevalence of STIs was 8.5% (VSS) vs 8.1% (VCS) (p = 0.0087). Prevalence of GBS was 13.4% (VSS) and 11.5% (VCS) (p = 0.0001). Most participants (84%) recommended the use of VSS. Conclusions This study shows that VSS was not inferior to VCS for the detection of GIs, STIs, and GBS. This study provides evidence that VSS can be used as a universal specimen for detection of lower genital tract infections in women. Study identification number ID-RCB 2014-A01250-4.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Bacterial Vaginosis in Pregnant Women at Maternal and Child Hospital, West Java, Indonesia, 2018: High Prevalence in Asymptomatic Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Pati Aji Achdiat ◽  
Rasmia Rowawi ◽  
Irma Fakhrosa ◽  
Hendra Gunawan ◽  
Reti Hindritiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
West Java ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Human Immuno Deficiency Virus ◽  
Lower Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Child Hospital

Abstract Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a lower genital tract infection of reproductive women which can occur in pregnant and non-pregnant women. BV in pregnant women can increase the risk of complications, including increased incidence of abortion, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth, and babies with low birth weight. BV can also increase the risk of acquired sexually transmitted infection (STI) and their further transmission, including human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV). Each country has a different prevalence of BV. The previous report of BV prevalence in pregnant women was submitted in Jakarta, Indonesia in 1990. Until now, there is no update data of BV in pregnant women, especially in West Java, Indonesia. Thus, we conducted a descriptive observational study using a cross-sectional design and a consecutive sampling method in June 2018. This study included 60 pregnant women in the Maternal and Child Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Out of 60 participants, seven (11.67%) participants had BV according to Amsel criteria. Asymptomatic BV was diagnosed in all participants. This study shows the prevalence of BV in pregnant women in the Maternal and Child Hospital in Bandung during June 2018. The assessment of screening BV should be recommended as a routine workup. To avoid complications in pregnant women and infants it should not be waited for the symptoms to reveal.

Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonkululeko Mabaso ◽  
Camille Naicker ◽  
Makandwe Nyirenda ◽  
Nathlee Abbai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

There are insufficient data on the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis (TV) in pregnant women and identify the risk factors associated with this infection in pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional study which included 362 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa. A self-collected vaginal swab was provided by the enrolled women for laboratory diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protozoan load was determined as the logarithm of gene copies per milliliter. The prevalence of TV infection was 12.9% and 59.6% of the women who tested positive were asymptomatic ( p =  0.011). Women who presented with abnormal vaginal discharge had a 4.6 times likelihood of testing positive for TV infection (odds ratio 4.62; 95% confidence interval 1.83 to 11.70; p =  0.001). TV infection was high amongst pregnant women. Therefore, routine testing for this sexually transmitted infection is encouraged for proper management.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the middle belt of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gyasi Konadu ◽  
Alex Owusu-Ofori ◽  
Zuwera Yidana ◽  
Farrid Boadu ◽  
Louisa Fatahiya Iddrisu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Vaginal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Vaginal infections usually caused by Candida sp, organisms responsible for bacterial vaginosis and Trichomonas vaginalis are associated with considerable discomfort and adverse outcomes during pregnancy and child birth. The study determined the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), bacterial vaginosis (BV) and trichomoniasis (TV) in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the Kintampo Municipal Hospital. Methods A study adopted a cross sectional design and recruited 589 pregnant women after seeking their informed consent from September, 2014 to March, 2015. Semi-structured questionnaire were administered to participants and vaginal swabs were collected. The samples were analysed using wet mount method and Gram stain (Nugent criteria) for vaginal infection. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate association of risk factors to vaginal infections. Results The overall prevalence of at least one vaginal infection was 56.4%. The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis were 36.5, 30.9 and 1.4% respectively. Women with more than four previous pregnancies (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.13–0.58) and those in the third trimester of pregnancy (OR: 0.54, CI: 0.30–0.96) were associated with a lower risk of bacterial vaginosis. Douching and antibiotic use were neither associated with VVC or BV. Conclusion The prevalence of vaginal infections was high among pregnant women in the Kintampo area. There is the need for interventions such as adequate investigations and early treatment of vaginal infections to reduce the disease burden to avoid associated complications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care rural hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3672
Author(s):  
Abhijit S. Ambike ◽  
Yogendra Singh ◽  
Prasanna Nakhate ◽  
Suvarna Patil ◽  
Charvi Sankholkar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common lower genital tract conditions, occurring in 35% of women attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics, 15% to 20% of pregnant women, and 5% to 15% of women attending gynaecology clinic. It has been associated with serious pregnancy complications, including premature rupture of the membranes, preterm delivery and postpartum endometritis. The diagnosis of BV is usually based on clinical criteria including homogeneous vaginal discharge, an elevated vaginal pH, the presence of clue cells, and an amine odour. Objective of this study was to study the prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic BV in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care rural teaching hospital.Methods: Sample size of 301 patients over 6 months study duration in an observational cross sectioned prospective type of study. An unfixed vaginal smear was collected from pregnant women and sent to microbiology for staining and fixing and diagnosis was established.Results: The age range in pregnant women enrolled was 18 to 42 with mean age 26.10 years. As per the Nugent score criteria, 68 (23%) women tested positive for BV (Nugent score 7-10) and 77 (25%) had an intermediate score (Nugent score 4-6). While in 156 (52%) pregnant women’s Nugent score was in between 0-3 indicating no BV but 10% cases amongst these were showing presence of fungal elements mainly budding yeast cells with or without hyphae. In only 53% of cases of BV characteristic clue cells were present. In this study 69% cases of BV were observed in multigravida while 31% were present in primigravida.Conclusions: Screening of asymptomatic pregnant women’s by taking vaginal swab and evaluating gram smear using Nugent score system will play vital role early diagnosis of reproductive tract infections.

scholarly journals Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among married non-pregnant women living in a low-income suburb of Beirut, Lebanon

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (09) ◽  
pp. 680-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Ramia ◽  
Loulou Kobeissi ◽  
Faysal El Kak ◽  
Sarah Shamra ◽  
Khalil Kreidieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: This study aimed to identify reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in married, non-pregnant women, aged 18 to 49 years, living in a low-income suburb of Beirut, and to investigate the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic factors and these infections. Methodology: Among 1,015 women recruited for the study, 502 were found eligible and 441 were medically examined. Appropriate specimens were collected for Nisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Results: The results showed a relatively high prevalence of RTIs (28.2%). The prevalence rates of different agents were as follows: 22.9% of the women were positive for T. vaginalis, 8.8% for candidiasis, 4.5% for bacterial vaginosis, and 1% for N. gonorrhea; none of the women were positive for C. trachomatis. Regression analysis showed that women between the ages of 30 and 39 were twice more likely to have T. vaginalis as compared to younger women. Furthermore, women whose husbands were taxi drivers were at higher risk of acquiring T. vaginalis (OR = 2.2) as compared with women whose husbands occupation was listed as skilled/unskilled. This conclusion can be drawn for the odds of developing any RTI (OR = 2.15). Moreover, those participants with the lowest income were twice as likely to have any RTI compared to those with higher incomes. Conclusions: This study shows a relatively high prevalence of RTIs (T. vaginalis mainly). It urges further in-depth research on cultural practices and economic factors to understand the pattern of sexual behavior in this community.

scholarly journals Risk-based screening to identify reproductive tract infection among HIV-infected women desiring use of intrauterine contraceptives

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2019-200494
Author(s):  
Nontokozo Langwenya ◽  
Catherine S. Todd ◽  
Heidi E. Jones ◽  
Donald R. Hoover ◽  
Nai-Chung Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infection ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
Tract Infections

BackgroundReproductive tract infections (RTIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, yet RTI testing remains limited in resource-constrained settings. We assessed performance of an existing RTI risk assessment screening tool among women living with HIV (WLHIV) considering intrauterine contraceptive (IUC) use.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis among WLHIV screened for participation in an IUC trial in Cape Town, South Africa (NCT01721798). RTI testing included Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis. Tool scoring was based on five separately scored criteria: (1) age under 25 years, (2) cohabitation with a partner, (3) secondary education, (4) self-reported intermenstrual bleeding and (5) number of current sexual partners and condom use frequency (score 0–5). We assessed tool performance in detecting RTI at 0 vs 1–5, 0–1 vs 2–5 and 0–2 vs 3–5 score thresholds.ResultsOf 303 women, 52% (n=157) reported antiretroviral therapy use and median age was 31 years. The prevalence of any RTI was 38% (gonorrhoea=7%, chlamydia=11%, trichomoniasis=12% and bacterial vaginosis=18%) and 8% of women had multiple RTIs. Overall, 4%, 27% and 69% of women had screening tool scores of 0, 1 or 2+, respectively. At a threshold of at least one scored criterion, the tool demonstrated high sensitivities (95%–97%) but low specificities (3%–4%) for detecting any RTI. Increasing the score threshold and/or inclusion of abnormal vaginal discharge marginally improved specificity.ConclusionThe prevalence of RTIs observed in this population was high, and the screening tool had no discriminatory power to detect prevalent RTIs.

scholarly journals High prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected pregnant women in a low-income South African community

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maanda Mudau ◽  
Remco P Peters ◽  
Lindsey De Vos ◽  
Dawie H Olivier ◽  
Dvora J Davey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
South African ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sectional Analysis

There is a lack of evidence on the burden of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) among HIV-infected pregnant women in South Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of HIV-infected pregnant women in two healthcare facilities in a South African township to determine the prevalence of CT, NG and TV. HIV-infected pregnant women were recruited during the first antenatal care visit for their current pregnancy and requested to self-collect vulvovaginal swab specimens. Specimens were tested for CT, NG and TV using the Xpert® assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Of 247 tested for CT, NG and TV, 47.8% tested positive for at least one organism; CT = 36.8%, TV = 23.9%, NG = 6.9%. Forty three (17.4%) had multiple infections, of which 42 included CT as one of the infecting organisms. Of the 118 participants who tested positive for at least one sexually transmitted infection (STI), 23.7% reported STI-like symptoms. Among women who tested positive for CT, 29.7% reported symptoms while 47.1 and 27.1% of those who tested positive for NG and TV, respectively, reported symptoms. The high STI prevalence coupled with the low symptom prevalence among infected individuals justifies the use of diagnostic screening approaches rather than syndromic management of STIs in this setting.

scholarly journals Assessment of syndromic management of curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections among pregnant women: an observational cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enesia Banda Chaponda ◽  
Jane Bruce ◽  
Charles Michelo ◽  
Daniel Chandramohan ◽  
R. Matthew Chico
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syndromic Management ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Rural Zambia

Abstract Background This study estimated the prevalence of curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections (STIs/RTIs) among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) in rural Zambia, evaluated the effectiveness of syndromic management of STIs/RTIs versus reference-standard laboratory diagnoses, and identified determinants of curable STIs/RTIs during pregnancy. Methods A total of 1086 pregnant women were enrolled at ANC booking, socio-demographic information and biological samples were collected, and the provision of syndromic management based care was documented. The Piot-Fransen model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of syndromic management versus etiological testing, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify determinants of STIs/RTIs. Results Participants had a mean age of 25.6 years and a mean gestational age of 22.0 weeks. Of 1084 women, 700 had at least one STI/RTI (64.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 61.7, 67.4). Only 10.2% of infected women received any treatment for a curable STI/RTI (excluding syphilis). Treatment was given to 0 of 56 women with chlamydia (prevalence 5.2%; 95% CI, 4.0, 6.6), 14.7% of participants with gonorrhoea (prevalence 3.1%; 95% CI, 2.2, 4.4), 7.8% of trichomoniasis positives (prevalence 24.8%; 95% CI, 22.3, 27.5) and 7.5% of women with bacterial vaginosis (prevalence 48.7%; 95% CI, 45.2, 51.2). An estimated 7.1% (95% CI, 5.6, 8.7) of participants had syphilis and received treatment. Women < 20 years old were more likely (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 5.01; 95% CI: 1.23, 19.44) to have gonorrhoea compared to women ≥30. The odds of trichomoniasis infection were highest among primigravidae (aOR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.69, 3.40), decreasing with each subsequent pregnancy. Women 20 to 29 years old were more likely to be diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis compared to women ≥30 (aOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.19, 2.10). Women aged 20 to 29 and ≥ 30 years had higher odds of infection with syphilis, aOR = 3.96; 95% CI: 1.40, 11.20 and aOR = 3.29; 95% CI: 1.11, 9.74 respectively, compared to women under 20. Conclusions Curable STIs/RTIs were common and the majority of cases were undetected and untreated. Alternative approaches are urgently needed in the ANC setting in rural Zambia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document