Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nonkululeko Mabaso ◽  
Camille Naicker ◽  
Makandwe Nyirenda ◽  
Nathlee Abbai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional

There are insufficient data on the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in pregnant women in South Africa. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of T. vaginalis (TV) in pregnant women and identify the risk factors associated with this infection in pregnancy. This was a cross-sectional study which included 362 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the King Edward VIII Hospital in Durban, South Africa. A self-collected vaginal swab was provided by the enrolled women for laboratory diagnosis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protozoan load was determined as the logarithm of gene copies per milliliter. The prevalence of TV infection was 12.9% and 59.6% of the women who tested positive were asymptomatic ( p =  0.011). Women who presented with abnormal vaginal discharge had a 4.6 times likelihood of testing positive for TV infection (odds ratio 4.62; 95% confidence interval 1.83 to 11.70; p =  0.001). TV infection was high amongst pregnant women. Therefore, routine testing for this sexually transmitted infection is encouraged for proper management.

Prevalence of Trichomonas Vaginalis and its Correlation with Socio-demographic Variables in Pregnant Women in Al-Diwaniya,Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiren Ali Al Hamzawi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Low Education

Estimates of Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence in pregnant women are variable with few studies in Iraq.T. vaginalis is a worldwide prevalent sexually transmitted infection,but fortunately,it is very treatable. Researchers believed that pregnancy is one of the effective factors for T. vaginalis infection in women.A cross-sectional study performed in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at Maternity and Children Teaching Hospital in Al-Diwaniya city on two hundred female pregnant patients between the ages of 16-45 years. These females had no intercourse for 2–3 days,not using drugs (antibiotics,antiprotozoal or steroids) for the last 15 days. Vaginal discharges of any type with or without itching,burning sensation or both were their main complaints. Vaginal swabs were taken from all participating patients for direct wet mount microscopy and culture for the detection of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. The study showed that twelve out of two hundred examined pregnant women (6%) presented with T. vaginalis infection. The infection was more in those with mothers’ age (26-35) years,housewives,low education,higher parity,and of rural residents. Other maternal variables were not significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. The study showed a prevalence of (6%) of T. vaginalis infection in pregnant female attendees. Infection was more in those with mothers ’age (26-35) years,housewives,low educational level,higher parity,and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Attitudes on Fetal Anomalies among Pregnant Women in Teaching Hospital Mahamodara, Galle

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
K.T.G. Kanchana ◽  
P. Youhasan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fetal Anomalies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Preventive Actions

Fetal anomalies significantly contribute towards neonatal mortality worldwide. In Sri Lanka major cause for neonatal deaths is fetal anomalies 41%. A Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Antenatal clinic, Teaching Hospital, Mahamodara. An interviewer-administered, pretested questionnaire was used. Hundred and fifty pregnant women participated in this study. Majority; 105 (70%) were found in the age of below 30 years, and 80 (53.3%) educated up to G.C.E. Ordinary Level. 83 (53.3%) were multigravida and 93(62%) were planned pregnancies. Higher proportion of the participants; 92(61%) , 88(56.7%) and 123(82%) had good knowledge on the risk factors, pre conception care and on preventive actions related to birth defects respectively. Significant proportion (26.7%) had poor knowledge regarding birth defects. There are 143 (95.3%) of the participants interested to know more information on birth defects, 72% believed birth defects were due to evil spirits. Even though 52% of women did not want to terminate their pregnancy if they had a fetus with anomalies, 80.7% of them opined that the termination of pregnancy with birth defected should be legalized. The educational level, parity and planning of current pregnancy of the participants were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with their knowledge on pre conception care, preventive actions, knowledge on risk factors on birth defects.

scholarly journals Knowledge and understanding of obstetric danger signs among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at the National Referral Hospital in Thimphu, Bhutan: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saran Tenzin Tamang ◽  
Thinley Dorji ◽  
Sonam Yoezer ◽  
Thinley Phuntsho ◽  
Phurb Dorji
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstetric Danger Signs ◽  
Danger Signs ◽  
Obstetric Emergencies ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Abstract Background The third Sustainable Development Goal for 2030 development agenda aims to reduce maternal and newborn deaths. Pregnant women’s understanding of danger signs is an important factor in seeking timely care during emergencies. We assessed knowledge of obstetric danger signs using both recall and understanding of appropriate action required during obstetric emergencies. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Bhutan’s largest hospital in Thimphu. Recall was assessed against seven obstetric danger signs outlined in the Mother and Child Health Handbook (7 points). Understanding of danger signs was tested using 13 multiple choice questions (13 points). Knowledge was scored out of 20 points and reported as ‘good’ (≥80%), ‘satisfactory’ (60–79%) and ‘poor’ (< 60%). Correlation between participant characteristics and knowledge score as well as number of danger signs recalled was tested using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Association between knowledge score and participant characteristics was tested using t-tests (and Kruskal-Wallis test) for numeric variables. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics associated with the level of knowledge ('good’ versus ‘satisfactory’ and ‘poor’ combined) were assessed with odds ratios using a log-binomial regression model. All results with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results Four hundred and twenty-two women responded to the survey (response rate = 96.0%). Mean (±SD) knowledge score was 12 (±2.5). Twenty women (4.7%) had ‘good’ knowledge, 245 (58.1%) had ‘satisfactory’ knowledge and 157 (37.2%) had ‘poor’ knowledge. The median number of danger signs recalled was 2 (IQR 1, 3) while 68 women (20.3%) could not recall any danger signs. Most women were knowledgeable about pre-labour rupture of membranes (96.0%) while very few women were knowledgeable about spotting during pregnancy (19.9%). Both knowledge score and number of danger signs recalled had significant correlation with the period of gestation. Women with previous surgery on the reproductive tract had higher odds of having ‘good’ level of knowledge. Conclusions Most pregnant women had ‘satisfactory’ knowledge score with poor explicit recall of danger signs. However, women recognized obstetric emergencies and identified the appropriate action warranted.

scholarly journals Trichomonas vaginalis Infection among Pregnant Women in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurehman Eshete ◽  
Zeleke Mekonnen ◽  
Ahmed Zeynudin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Jimma University

Background. Trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted parasitic protozoan known to be responsible for an estimated 180 million new infections per year, making it the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted pathogen worldwide. Method. A cross-sectional study design was conducted on vaginal swabs by wet mount and Modified Columbia Agar culture technique in Jimma University Specialized Hospital (JUSH), ANC clinic, Jimma, Ethiopia. The study was done to assess the magnitude and associated risk factors of T. vaginalis infection from December to May, 2011/2012. Result. A total of 361 pregnant women were involved in this study. From these, 18 (4.98%) of the pregnant women were positive for T. vaginalis infection by Modified Columbian Agar culture technique. Education status (AOR = 0.186, 95% CI: 0.059–0.585, P<0.05), patients with dysuria (AOR = 0.180; 95% CI: 0.046–0.704, P<0.05) and dyspareunia (AOR = 0.152; 95% CI: 0.035–0.667, P<0.05) were significantly associated with T. vaginalis infection. Conclusion. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection at 4.89% is relatively high among young reproductive aged women. Because this infection increases the risk of HIV transmission and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, there is a need for increased provision of health information concerning T. vaginalis to the community, educating women, screening, and treatment of T. vaginalis infection in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Awareness and perception of epidural labor analgesia among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinic in National Referral Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Tandin Tshomo ◽  
Karma Tenzin ◽  
Jamphel Tshering
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Labour Analgesia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Labour Epidural Analgesia

Aims: To assess the awareness and perception of labour epidural analgesia among pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. Study participants included pregnant women visiting the antenatal clinic during 2nd and 3 rd trimester conducted from 21 st September 2018 till 20 th September 2019. Data were collected by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Ethics approval was granted by the research Ethics Board of health, Bhutan. Results: Total 450 parturients participated in this study; 61.4% of the participants knew that labour epidural services were available and 37.5% got information through media. A total of 57.3% of respondents had severe fear about labour pain; 62.4% had severe fear about delivery complication; 85.2% thought that epidural labour analgesia was a good method of pain relief; and 67% were willing to accept it for their current pregnancy. However, 86.6% would recommend epidural labour analgesia as an option of pain relief to other pregnant women. Conclusion: Awareness about the availability of labour epidural analgesia services needs to be improved, as a majority of the parturient was keen to avail epidural analgesia after the information about its availability was provided.

scholarly journals Splenectomy and its relation to non-transfusion-transmitted infection in thalassemic patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Mururul Aisyi ◽  
Alan Roland Tumbelaka ◽  
Bulan Ginting Munthe ◽  
Bambang Madiyono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Common Cold ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transfusion Transmitted Infection ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Level Of Significance

Background Splenectomy has been associated with an increasedsusceptibility to infection. Overwhelming postspelenectomy infec-tion (OPSI) can lead to high mortality. Decreased IgM and tuftsinconcentration on splenectomized patients seems to play a role ininfection’s susceptibility. Many studies have been performed todetermine the risk factors of infection in thalassemic patients.Objective To find out morbidity patterns and risk factors for pre-dicting the likelihood of infection in splenectomized thalassemicpatients.Methods A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted onconfirmed thalassemic children who came to Department of ChildHealth, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital within the period of 1973-2003. Splenectomized patients were categorized as cases groupand non-splenectomized patients as control group. Risk factors fordevelopment of common cold and diarrhea were analyzed usingchi-square test with level of significance <0.05.Results A total of 300 thalassemic patients, 100 of them were sple-nectomized, were enrolled in this study. The 15-year-age group orabove is the most common group underwent splenectomy (35%).Common cold is the most common mild infection in both splenec-tomized group (75%) and non-splenectomized (71%). A significantassociation was found between the risk of infection and splenec-tomy in thalassemic patients (OR=3.8;CI=2.2;6.62; P=0.000). As-sociation between time after splenectomy and frequency of com-mon cold in thalassemia was significant (OR=2.85;CI=1.16;7.14;P=0.011). Severe infection and acute diarrhea were considerednot significantly different between the two groups.Conclusion Splenectomy in thalassemia can increase the sus-ceptibility of non-transfusion-transmitted mild infection. Furtherstudy is needed to elaborate this finding

scholarly journals Iron deficiency among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Udho ◽  
Joyce Nankumbi ◽  
Mariam Namutebi ◽  
Grace Ndeezi ◽  
Joshua Epuitai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia among pregnant women in Uganda. However, due to the high cost of biochemical tests required to determine iron deficiency, the prevalence and factors associated with iron deficiency remain largely unstudied in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of iron deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic, Lira District-Uganda.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Maternal serum ferritin was used as a measure of iron deficiency and was determined using a Cobas 6000 Automated Analyzer. Iron deficiency was based on serum ferritin of <30 μg/L. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the study participants. Binary and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the associated factors.Results The prevalence of iron deficiency was 45%. Non-adherence to iron supplements (AOR: 2.05 95% CI: 1.02-4.12) & third trimester pregnancy (AOR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.20-2.94) were significantly associated with iron deficiency during pregnancy.Conclusion Nearly 5 in 10 of the participants had iron deficiency. Iron deficiency during pregnancy was associated with non-adherence to iron supplements and being in the third trimester of pregnancy. Midwives should encourage pregnant women to adhere to iron supplements during pregnancy especially pregnant women who are in the third trimester.

scholarly journals Associated Behavioral Risks in a Group of Women During Pregnancy from Mures District

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Ruţa Florina ◽  
Avram Călin ◽  
Voidăzan Septimiu ◽  
Rus Victoria ◽  
Georgescu Mihai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Family Doctor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lifestyle Risk

Abstract Background. It is well-known that the exposure during pregnancy to lifestyle risk factors can affect thehealth both for the mother and the fetus. There are many risk factors for pregnancy, including: smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary pattern, irregular daily meal serving plan, lack of knowledge regarding health prevention. The main objective of our study was to assess the practices, knowledge and attitudes towards lifestyle risk behaviors during pregnancy in a group of women from Tirgu-Mures area. Materials and methods. We used a cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire, assessingsmoking behavior and lifestyle patterns during pregnancy, on a group of 481 women from the urban area (58.84%), as well as from the rural area (41.16%) from Mures county. Results. In the study group, 190 women (39.5%) used to smoke before pregnancy; among which 37.36% continued to smoke even after they found out they are pregnant. In the group of pregnant women that continued to smoke during pregnancy, we have studied other behavioral factors related to lifestyle, identifying the following: 5,73% have been consuming alcohol weekly, 56.33% reduced greatly their physical activity level, 3.63% have been consuming at least 3 cups of coffee a day. During pregnancy, 12.72% did not have a regular, daily meal serving plan, and 67.26% was a little or not at all concerned about their eating habits. Only 30.9% from the smoking pregnant women group have received information from the family doctor (GP) regarding the risk factors of smoking habits, while 38.18% did not receive any information. Conclusions. Behavioral risk factors in pregnancy have to be followed closely by the HealthCare System in order to avoid complications for the mother and the child. The best way of accomplishing that is through an efficient community intervention.

scholarly journals Demographics and health profile on precursors of non-communicable diseases in adults testing for HIV in Soweto, South Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e030701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L Hopkins ◽  
Khuthadzo Hlongwane ◽  
Kennedy Otwombe ◽  
Janan Dietrich ◽  
Mireille Cheyip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Group Sex

ObjectivesThis cross-sectional study investigated the burden of HIV-non-communicable disease (NCD) precursor comorbidity by age and sex. Policies stress integrated HIV-NCD screenings; however, NCD screening is poorly implemented in South African HIV testing services (HTS).SettingWalk-in HTS Centre in Soweto, South Africa.Participants325 voluntary adults, aged 18+ years, who provided written or verbal informed consent (with impartial witness) for screening procedures were enrolled.Primary and secondary outcomesData on sociodemographics, tuberculosis and sexually transmitted infection symptoms, blood pressure (BP) (≥140/90=elevated) and body mass index (<18.5 underweight; 18.5–25.0 normal; >25 overweight/obese) were stratified by age-group, sex and HIV status.ResultsOf the 325 participants, the largest proportions were female (51.1%; n=166/325), single (71.5%; n=231/323) and 25–34 years (33.8%; n=110/325). Overall, 20.9% (n=68/325) were HIV infected, 27.5% (n=89/324) had high BP and 33.5% (n=109/325) were overweight/obese. Among HIV-infected participants, 20.6% (14/68) had high BP and 30.9% (21/68) were overweight/obese, as compared with 29.3% (75/256) and 12.1% (31/256) of the HIV-uninfected participants, respectively. Females were more likely HIV-infected compared with males (26.5% (44/166) vs 15.1% (24/159); p=0.012). In both HIV-infected and uninfected groups, high BP was most prevalent in those aged 35–44 years (25% (6/24) vs 36% (25/70); p=0.3353) and >44 years (29% (4/14) vs 48% (26/54); p=0.1886). Males had higher BP than females (32.9% (52/158) vs 22.3% (37/166); p=0.0323); more females were overweight/obese relative to males (45.8% (76/166) vs 20.8% (33/159); p<0.0001). Females were more likely to be HIV infected and overweight/obese.ConclusionAmong HTS clients, NCD precursors rates and co-morbidities were high. Elevated BP occurred more in older participants. Targeted integrated interventions for HIV-infected females and HIV-infected people aged 18–24 and 35–44 years could improve HIV public health outcomes. Additional studies on whether integrated HTS will improve the uptake of NCD treatment and improve health outcomes are required.

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