scholarly journals Coordinated overexpression of OsSUT1, OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14 in rice impairs carbohydrate metabolism that has implications in plant growth, yield and susceptibility to Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Singh ◽  
Donald James ◽  
V Mohan Murali Achary ◽  
Manish Kumar Patel ◽  
Jitendra K. Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Sucrose Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Rice Plants

Enhancing carbohydrate export to sink tissues is considered as a feasible approach for improving photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. In Oryza sativa Sucrose Transporter OsSUT1 located in companion cells and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs); OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14 present in phloem parenchyma mesophyll cell plasma membranes are involved in long distance sucrose transport. OsSWEET11 and OsSWEET14 also play important role in host-pathogen interaction of rice plants and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) that causes bacterial leaf blight. Three genes, OsSUT1, OsSWEET11, and OsSWEET14 were overexpressed under the control of their native promoters in rice to modulate long distance sugar transport and disease resistance. The transgenics displayed several phenotypic aberrations such as reduced plant height and seed weight due to altered sucrose transport and metabolism. Lower sucrose transport rate in transgenics than the WT resulted in reduced sucrose, fructose and glucose and increased starch accumulation in their leaves at the end of dark period. Transcriptional analysis revealed a reduction in the expression of genes involved in sucrose synthesis pathway in transgenics. Normal growth and development of transgenic seedlings were restored in growth media supplemented with 3% sucrose demonstrating in planta sucrose limitation. Remarkably, transgenic lines had diminished susceptibility to Xoo than the WTs due to low sugar content in the leaves demonstrating that rice plants maintain an optimum level of SWEETs for proper plant growth and development, and upregulation of these SWEETs in rice mimicks Xoo attack impelling plants to reduce sugar content in the apoplasm to inhibit pathogen growth.

Hemp Shives as Natural Amendments in Crops of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) and Flax (Linum usitatissimum)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Alina Stingu ◽  
Corneliu Tanase ◽  
Valentin I. Popa
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Cadmium Ions ◽  
Cadmium Metal ◽  
Degree Of Recovery

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of using hemp shives as natural amendments in a phytoremediation sequence. Thus, plant growth tests were conducted for rapeseed (Brassica napus) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) in vegetation pots with sandy soil. These were seeded in a cadmium artificial contaminated environment with or without hemp shives. The efficiency of hemp shives as natural amendments was evaluated after 40 days of initiating experimental model, by evaluation of plant growth and development of plants through biometric and gravimetric measurements. Also, the concentration of assimilatory pigments was determined. In order to establish bioaccumulation capacity, degree of recovery and translocation factor, it was determined the concentration of cadmium metal ions absorbed in various parts of rapeseed and flax plants. It has been found that the development of the root system is more pronounced in the presence of hemp shives both in contamination with cadmium ions and in the absence. By determining cadmium concentrations accumulate in various parts of the plant have been shown that supplementing growth media with hemp shives, improves the bioaccumulation process of cadmium ions. According to the results, the hemp shives can be used as amendments in phytoremediation process, enhancing bioaccumulation process.

scholarly journals Triacontanol Promotes the Fruit Development and Retards Fruit Senescence in Strawberry: A Transcriptome Analysis

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Qianqian Pang ◽  
Xueqin Chen ◽  
Jinhua Lv ◽  
Teng Li ◽  
Jinggui Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Related Enzyme

Triacontanol (TA) is a non-toxic, pollution-free, low-cost, high-efficiency, broad-spectrum plant growth regulator that plays an important role in plant growth and development, but its regulation mechanism of strawberry (Sweet charlie, Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruit development is still unclear. In this study, we showed that TA treatment (50 μM) could promote fruit development by up-regulating factors related to fruit ripening-related growth and development. TA increased fruit sugar content and anthocyanin accumulation, and many stress-related enzyme activities. In the meantime, Illumina RNA-Seq technology was used to evaluate the effect of TA treatment on strawberry fruit senescence. The results showed that 9338 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, including 4520 up-regulated DEGs and 4818 down-regulated DEGs. We performed gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these DEGs. The results showed that TA treatment caused changes in transcript levels related to cellular processes, hormones and secondary metabolism, such as DNA metabolic processes, flavonoid synthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction. Bioinformatics analysis showed that many transcription factors were related to fruit maturity. Taken together, this study will provide new insights into the mechanism of strawberry development and postharvest response to TA treatment.

scholarly journals Identification and determination of characteristics of endophytes from rice plants and their role in biocontrol of bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yousefi ◽  
N. Hassanzadeh ◽  
K. Behboudi ◽  
F. Beiki Firouzjahi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

SummaryEndophytic bacteria of rice plants (Oryza sativaL.) from eight different cultivars were screened for their ability in inducing disease symptoms, plant growth promotion and antagonistic activity againstXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae.Out of the 63 whole isolates, five were plant pathogens. Based on phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these were identified asPseudomonas oryzihabitans,P. fulva,Pantoea ananatis,Pantoeasp.,Cellulomonassp. Four out of the 63 isolates behaved as potentially good plant growth-promoting and biocontrol agents. These were identified asBacillussp.,B. subtilis,Pseudomonas putidaandEnterobactersp. This is the first report of pathogenic and endophytic bacteria from rice grown in field conditions in North of Iran.

scholarly journals Respon Pemberian Mikoriza Arbuskular Dalam Media Zeolit Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kedelai

Jurnal Agrium ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Usnawiyah Usnawiyah ◽  
Khaidir Khaidir
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Fertilizer Use

Arbuscular mycorrhiza expected to increase the growth and yield of soybean. However, during the application requires another materials as growth media or spores carrier such as compos and zeolite. Zeolites are used as promoters  for plant  growth and  development for the better  through  the efficient use of fertilizers. These minerals can retain  nitrogen content in the soil, improve the quality of solid organic  fertilizer and liquid waste. Zeolites can improve the efficiency of fertilizer use, both in stimulating plant growth and development and to increase agricultural  output. Furthermore, it will support the work function of arbuscular  mycorrhiza as root simbion

scholarly journals Diverse regulation of plasmodesmal architecture facilitates adaptation to phloem translocation

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2505-2512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Yan ◽  
Yao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Phloem Loading ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Intercellular Transport ◽  
Phloem Translocation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Internal Architecture

Abstract The long-distance translocation of nutrients and mobile molecules between different terminals is necessary for plant growth and development. Plasmodesmata-mediated symplastic trafficking plays an important role in accomplishing this task. To facilitate intercellular transport, plants have evolved diverse plasmodesmata with distinct internal architecture at different cell–cell interfaces along the trafficking route. Correspondingly, different underlying mechanisms for regulating plasmodesmal structures have been gradually revealed. In this review, we highlight recent studies on various plasmodesmal architectures, as well as relevant regulators of their de novo formation and transition, responsible for phloem loading, transport, and unloading specifically. We also discuss the interesting but unaddressed questions relating to, and potential studies on, the adaptation of functional plasmodesmal structures.

Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Step Process ◽  
Ethylene Response ◽  
Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

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