scholarly journals Separable pupillary signatures of perception and action during perceptual multistability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Brascamp ◽  
Gilles De Hollander ◽  
Michael D Wertheimer ◽  
Ashley N DePew ◽  
Tomas Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Multistable Perception ◽  
The Face ◽  
Perceptual Changes

The pupil provides a rich, non-invasive measure of the neural bases of perception and cognition. It can particularly inform about the role of arousal-linked neuromodulation, which alters both cortical processing and pupil size. But a multitude of factors influence pupil size, which complicates interpretation. We measured pupil signals accompanying changes in multistable perception, i.e. accompanying endogenously-generated perceptual changes in the face of inconclusive sensory input. Perceptual changes were marked by a complex pupil response that could be decomposed into two components: a dilation tied to task execution and plausibly reflecting arousal-linked noradrenaline, and an overlapping constriction tied to the perceptual transient and plausibly reflecting altered cortical responses. Constriction, but not dilation, amplitude depended on the timing of perceptual changes, possibly providing an index of neural adaptation. We conclude that pupil size reflects several dissociable processes during perceptual multistability, and that arousal-linked neuromodulation shapes action but not perception in these circumstances.

scholarly journals Separable pupillary signatures of perception and action during perceptual multistability

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Brascamp ◽  
Gilles De Hollander ◽  
Michael D Wertheimer ◽  
Ashley N DePew ◽  
Tomas Knapen
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unique Interpretation ◽  
Simultaneous Reading ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Perceptual Changes

The pupil provides a rich, non-invasive measure of the neural bases of perception and cognition, and has been of particular value in uncovering the role of arousal-linked neuromodulation, which alters both cortical processing and pupil size. But pupil size is subject to a multitude of influences, which complicates unique interpretation. We measured pupils of observers experiencing perceptual multistability -- an ever-changing subjective percept in the face of unchanging but inconclusive sensory input. In separate conditions the endogenously generated perceptual changes were either task-relevant or not, allowing a separation between perception-related and task-related pupil signals. Perceptual changes were marked by a complex pupil response that could be decomposed into two components: a dilation tied to task execution and plausibly indicative of an arousal-linked noradrenaline surge, and an overlapping constriction tied to the perceptual transient and plausibly a marker of altered visual cortical representation. Constriction, but not dilation, amplitude systematically depended on the time interval between perceptual changes, possibly providing an overt index of neural adaptation. These results show that the pupil provides a simultaneous reading on interacting but dissociable neural processes during perceptual multistability, and suggest that arousal-linked neuromodulator release shapes action but not perception in these circumstances.

scholarly journals Role of Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) healing techniques in the treatment of dental abscess: A study of 4 cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-309
Author(s):  
Venkata S Nanduri ◽  
Atheesh Kumar M ◽  
Saloni Shah ◽  
Rashmi Kambali
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dental Abscess ◽  
The Face ◽  
Larger Sample

: Dental Abscess is a collection of pus caused by bacterial infection and its symptoms include pain, inflammation and swelling of the face or jaw. Usual procedures of Dental Abscess are extraction or root canal treatment performed by Dentists. In this article a summary of four cases of Dental Abscess treated as complementary modality of treatment by means of non-invasive YPV distal healing for removing infection and pain is presented.Case study method is usedto collect data from four similar cases of Dental Abscess healed by two YPV healers independently, and analyzed. It is observed that in all four cases tooth infection and pain reduced completely within 7 to 15 days of healing, bringing great relief to the patients. The YPV healing has worked as preliminary or first aid treatment without the use of anti-biotics or pain killers before proceeding with further work such as tooth extraction or root canal procedure as may be needed to be performed appropriately by a dentist. Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) system of practices and healing techniques have been successfully applied to various types of physical and mental ailments and there is enough evidence available from documented cases and empirical studies. This paper has provided consistent successful results of application of YPV system of healing for treating infection and reducing pain in 4 cases of Dental Abscess, and it is recommended to conduct further studies on larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals The role of feature-based attention in visual serial dependence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fritsche ◽  
Floris P. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Input ◽  
Internal Noise ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Selective Stabilization ◽  
The Face ◽  
Feature Based

AbstractPerceptual decisions about current sensory input are biased towards input of the recent past – a phenomenon termed serial dependence. Serial dependence may serve to stabilize neural representations in the face of external and internal noise. However, it is unclear under which circumstances previous input attracts subsequent perceptual decisions, and thus, whether serial dependence reflects a broad smoothing or selective stabilization operation. Here, we investigated whether focusing attention on particular features of the previous stimulus modulates serial dependence. We found an attractive bias in orientation estimations when previous and current stimuli had similar orientations, and a repulsive bias when they had dissimilar orientations. The attractive bias was markedly reduced when observers attended to the size, rather than the orientation, of the previous stimulus. Conversely, the repulsive bias for stimuli with large orientation differences was not modulated by feature-based attention. This suggests separate sources of these positive and negative perceptual biases.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Hoinski ◽  
Ronald Polansky
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Michael Polanyi ◽  
Contemporary Philosophy ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Desire ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Theoretical Science

David Hoinski and Ronald Polansky’s “The Modern Aristotle: Michael Polanyi’s Search for Truth against Nihilism” shows how the general tendencies of contemporary philosophy of science disclose a return to the Aristotelian emphasis on both the formation of dispositions to know and the role of the mind in theoretical science. Focusing on a comparison of Michael Polanyi and Aristotle, Hoinski and Polansky investigate to what degree Aristotelian thought retains its purchase on reality in the face of the changes wrought by modern science. Polanyi’s approach relies on several Aristotelian assumptions, including the naturalness of the human desire to know, the institutional and personal basis for the accumulation of knowledge, and the endorsement of realism against objectivism. Hoinski and Polansky emphasize the promise of Polanyi’s neo-Aristotelian framework, which argues that science is won through reflection on reality.

Könyvismertetések

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
István Fekete ◽  
Mária Gósy ◽  
Rozália Eszter Ivády ◽  
Péter Kardos
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Perception And Action

DianePecherés RolfA. Zwaan(szerk.): Grounding cognition: The role of perception and action in memory, language, and thinking (Fekete István)     253 CsépeValéria: Az olvasó agy (Gósy Mária) 256 Kormos, Judit: Speech production and second language acquisition (Ivády Rozália Eszter)      260 MarosánGyörgy: Hogyan készül a történelem? (Kardos Péter) 263

Role of Cardiac MRI in Detecting Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marymol Koshy ◽  
Bushra Johari ◽  
Mohd Farhan Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Potential Use

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a global disease affecting people of various ethnic origins and both genders. HCM is a genetic disorder with a wide range of symptoms, including the catastrophic presentation of sudden cardiac death. Proper diagnosis and treatment of this disorder can relieve symptoms and prolong life. Non-invasive imaging is essential in diagnosing HCM. We present a review to deliberate the potential use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in HCM assessment and also identify the risk factors entailed with risk stratification of HCM based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

Expansion of borders in the Kurdistan region and local and regional positions

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah ◽  
Abbas Fadel Atwan
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
War On Terrorism ◽  
National State ◽  
The Face ◽  
In The Beginning

The borders of Kurdistan represent an important point in Kurdish thought. They represent the hope of establishing their national state. The circumstances of the war on terrorism in Iraq and Syria have led to the emergence of what is known as a "propaganda" and the formation of a global front in its struggle. And with the signs of the collapse of the Syrian state and the weakness of the Iraqi state in the face of the "dashing" in the beginning. These circumstances led to the emergence of the role of the Kurdistan region in the confrontation "ISIS" and maintain the administrative border in the three provinces of Kurdistan in addition to the province of Kirkuk. That the circumstances of the war on terrorism created new international conditions on the Middle East arena, which will generate many problems between the Kurdistan region and the central government of Baghdad, as well as other problems between the region, Syria, Turkey and Iran. The war on terrorism has made countries free to fight the opposition groups under the name Terrorism by their classification. The Turkish side is fighting the PKK within the borders of the Kurdistan region, and this war can develop in a post-"warlike" phase. The war in Syria is also contradictory to vision and not resolved to a specific side and Iran's position on developments is encouraging.

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