scholarly journals Immuno-fibrotic drivers of impaired lung function in post-COVID-19 syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung J. Chun ◽  
Elias Coutavas ◽  
Alexander Pine ◽  
Alfred I. Lee ◽  
Vanessa Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ◽  
Duke University ◽  
Foundation Award

ABSTRACTIntroductionSubjects recovering from COVID-19 frequently experience persistent respiratory ailments; however, little is known about the underlying biological factors that may direct lung recovery and the extent to which these are affected by COVID-19 severity.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study of subjects with persistent symptoms after recovering from acute COVID-19 illness, collecting clinical data, pulmonary function tests, and blood. Plasma samples were used for multiplex profiling of circulating factors associated with inflammation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and fibrosis.ResultsSixty-one subjects were enrolled across two academic medical centers at a median of 9 weeks (interquartile range 6-10) after COVID-19 illness: n=13 subjects (21%) mild/non-hospitalized, n=30 (49%) hospitalized/non-critical, and n=18 subjects (30%) hospitalized/intensive care (“ICU”). Fifty-three subjects (85%) had lingering symptoms, most commonly dyspnea (69%) and cough (58%). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) declined as COVID-19 severity increased (P<0.05), but did not correlate with respiratory symptoms. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis of plasma biomarker profiles clustered subjects by past COVID-19 severity. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) identified by the model were significantly higher in the ICU group (P<0.05) and inversely correlated with FVC and DLCO (P<0.05).ConclusionsSubjective respiratory symptoms are common after acute COVID-19 illness but do not correlate with COVID-19 severity or pulmonary function. Host response profiles reflecting neutrophil activation (LCN2), fibrosis signaling (MMP-7), and alveolar repair (HGF) track with lung impairment and may be novel therapeutic or prognostic targets.FundingThe study was funded in part by the NHLBI (K08HL130557 to BDK and R01HL142818 to HJC), the DeLuca Foundation Award (AP), a donation from Jack Levin to the Benign Hematology Program at Yale, and Divisional/Departmental funds from Duke University.

Airway reactivity and lung function in triiodothyronine-induced thyrotoxicosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1485-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Irwin ◽  
M. R. Pratter ◽  
D. H. Stivers ◽  
L. E. Braverman
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
The Mean

To evaluate the possible relationship between asthma and hyperthyroidism, airway reactivity and lung function were prospectively compared in healthy volunteers before, during, and after liothyronine (triiodothyronine, T3)-induced hyperthyroidism. Base-line evaluation of the 10 subjects included clinical evaluation, thyroid and pulmonary function tests, and airway reactivity assessed by methacholine inhalational challenge (MIC). All studies were normal. During T3-induced hyperthyroidism, no subject developed respiratory symptoms or changes in pulmonary function or airway reactivity. The mean percent change in forced expiratory volume at 1 s from base line (delta FEV1) of -2.4 +/- 3.0 after MIC was not significantly different from that obtained before T3 administration (-1.4 +/- 1.5, P greater than 0.2). When all serum T3 concentrations and delta FEV1 values before, during and after T3-induced hyperthyroidism were compared, there was no significant correlation. We conclude that T3-induced hyperthyroidism of 3-wk duration has no effect on airway reactivity or lung function in normal volunteers.

scholarly journals Respiratory symptoms, asthma, exercise test spirometry, and atopy in schoolchildren from a Lima shanty town

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-612
Author(s):  
M E Penny ◽  
S Murad ◽  
S S Madrid ◽  
T S Herrera ◽  
A Piñeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Asthma Attack ◽  
Shanty Town

BACKGROUNDLittle is known about the associations between symptoms of asthma, pulmonary function tests, and atopy in developing countries. While asthma in children is often associated with atopy, some studies of wheezing illness have found little or no association, leading to suggestions that there are subgroups of wheezing illness. The ISAAC study recently reported that the prevalence of reported asthma symptoms in Lima, Peru was among the highest in the world, but did not report on the atopic status of the subjects.METHODSA cross sectional survey was conducted of children aged 8–10 years who had previously participated in a cohort study of respiratory and diarrhoeal illnesses in infancy. Questionnaires were administered asking about respiratory symptoms and asthma diagnoses, pulmonary function tests were performed before and after exercise on a treadmill, and atopy was determined from skin prick tests and specific serum IgE levels.RESULTSA total of 793 children participated in the survey. The prevalence of asthma related symptoms in the last 12 months was 23.2%, but only 3.8% of children reported a recent asthma attack. The mean differences in pretest percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were 8.1% (95% CI 2.4 to 13.8) between children who did and did not report an asthma attack in the last 12 months, and 5.3% (95% CI 2.8 to 7.9) in children who did and did not report respiratory symptoms. The corresponding differences in mean percentage fall in FEV1 after exercise were 3.1% (95% CI –1 to 7.1) and 5.1% (95% CI 3.4 to 6.8). Recent asthma or respiratory symptoms were not associated with atopy in this population (odds ratios 1.29 (95% CI 0.56 to 2.97) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.37), respectively).CONCLUSIONSMost asthma in these children was unrecognised and mild. Asthma and asthma symptoms in this population do not seem to be related to atopy.

scholarly journals Association of Olfactory and Pulmonary Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1535
Author(s):  
Ji-Sun Kim ◽  
Jun-Ook Park ◽  
Dong-Hyun Lee ◽  
Ki-Hong Chang ◽  
Byung Guk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
National Health ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Olfactory Testing

Objectives: To identify the relationship between pulmonary function and subjective olfactory dysfunction in middle-aged and older adults. Materials and Methods: We used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2010 to 2012 to analyze 6191 participants in their 50s or older. Results: The frequency of olfactory dysfunction was 6.8% among the subjects with normal pulmonary function tests, but was significantly more frequent in those diagnosed with restrictive (9.6%) or obstructive (10.1%) pulmonary function. Forced volume vital capacity, forced expiratory volume (FEV)1, FEV6, and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower in the olfactory dysfunction group. The risk of olfactory dysfunction was significantly associated with obstructive pulmonary function (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.449 [1.010–2.081]) after adjusting for confounders (sex, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, hypertension, dyslipidemia, education level, stress, depressed mood, and suicidal ideation). Conclusion: Middle-aged and older adults with obstructive pulmonary function had a higher incidence of subjective olfactory dysfunction than the normal pulmonary function group. Early olfactory testing may improve the quality of life of patients with obstructive pulmonary function.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS AND PULMONARY FUNCTION STATUS OF RESTAURANT WORKERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdulrazzaq Jabbar Jabbar ◽  
Retneswari Masilamani ◽  
Lim Zhi Yik ◽  
Chen Pei Fei ◽  
Loh Xin Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cooking Fumes

The cooking process may emit toxic compounds and airway irritants from both the fuel combustion and cooking fumes which is harmful to the respiratory health among the restaurant workers. A cross-sectional study of 243 restaurant workers from the selected restaurants in Sungai Long, Malaysia was conducted. The standardized British Medical Research Council questionnaire on Respiratory Symptoms (1986) was used during the interview to access the symptoms and the spirometry test was performed to evaluate the pulmonary functions of the participants. The data of socio-demography and occupational characteristics were also collected. The most complaint respiratory symptoms by the restaurant workers were breathlessness, which accounted for 33.7%, followed by wheezing (14%). The mean values of all pulmonary function tests (PFT) of the restaurant workers were within the normal range (>80%), except for the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) (79.09%). The results of the bivariate statistical analysis, Chi-square, ANOVA and t-test, showed the determining factors of the respiratory health among the workers were workers’ age and gender in addition to the working duration and the ethnicity. The restaurant workers in Sungai Long were at risk of developing respiratory symptoms and lower pulmonary function values due to prolonged exposure to cooking fumes. Emphasis should be given to the safety and health of restaurant workers and health education should be provided to the restaurant workers and owners. Strategies to increase notification of such occurrences among these workers should be looked into by related agencies in the country.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Assessment of Pulmonary Function and Bronchodilator Response in Pediatric Patients With Post-infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhua Yu ◽  
Jiaoyang Wei ◽  
Yanchun Li ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Hongming Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Bronchiolitis Obliterans ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Bronchodilator Response

Backgroud: Postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare respiratory disease. In recent years, the disease has been recognized and diagnosed increasingly in children. Pulmonary function is important for diagnosis, identifying the severity of the PIBO and monitoring progression. But there have been only a few studies that followed the evolution of PIBO on the basis of pulmonary function tests (PFTs).Objective: The study targeted the evolution of pulmonary function and bronchodilator response in a case series of Chinese children with PIBO.Methods: Twelve children between the ages of 6–99 months with PIBO were studied retrospectively from 2009 to 2019. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and maximal midexpiratory flow velocity 25–75% (MMEF25−75%) were collected at each PFT, and bronchodilator responses were evaluated. Spirometric parameters were monitored over time, and generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze longitudinal panel data.Results: The median baseline PFT values for FVC, FEV1, the FEV1/FVC ratio, and MMEF25−75% were 41.6, 39.75, 90.7, and 22.2%, respectively. At the initial PFTs, 10 (83.3%) patients demonstrated a significant bronchodilator response. FVC and FEV1 increased by 8.212%/year and 5.007%/year, respectively, and the FEV1/FVC ratio decreased by an average of 3.537%/year. MMEF25−75% showed improvement at an average rate of 1.583% every year. Overall, FEV1 and MMEF25−75% showed different degrees of improvement after the use of inhaled bronchodilators at each PFT session for 10 patients, and FEV1 measures demonstrated significant (&gt;12%) β2-bronchodilation in 56% of PFT sessions.Conclusions: Pediatric patients with PIBO showed an obstructive defect in pulmonary function. The FVC, FEV1, and MMEF25−75% improved as they grew older, while the FEV1/FVC ratio decreased. This may be due to the development of lung parenchyma more than airway growth. Airway obstruction in some patients improved with the use of β2 agonists.

scholarly journals Lung ultrasound B-lines and serum KL-6 correlate with the severity of idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 2024-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukai Wang ◽  
Shaoqi Chen ◽  
Jianqun Lin ◽  
Xuezhen Xie ◽  
Shijian Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Inflammatory Myositis ◽  
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
B Lines

Abstract Objective Idiopathic inflammatory myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (IIM-ILD) significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Lung ultrasound B-lines and Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) are identified as new sonographic and serum markers of ILD, respectively. The aim of our work was to assess the role of B-lines and KL-6 as markers of the severity of IIM-ILD. For this purpose, the correlation among B-lines score, serum KL-6 levels, high-resolution CT (HRCT) score, and pulmonary function tests were investigated in IIM-ILD patients. Methods Thirty-eight patients with IIM-ILD underwent chest HRCT scans, lung ultrasound and pulmonary function tests (independently performed within 1 week) examination. To assess severity and extent of ILD at HRCT, the Warrick score was used. The B-lines score denoting the extension of ILD was calculated by summing the number of B-lines on a total of 50 scanning sites. Serum KL-6 levels (U/ml) was measured by chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. Results A significant correlation was found between the B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.43, P &lt; 0.01), and between the Warrick score and serum KL-6 levels (r = 0.45, P &lt; 0.01). A positive correlation between B-lines score and the Warrick score (r = 0.87, P &lt; 0.0001) was also confirmed. Both B-lines score and KL-6 levels inversely correlated to diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (r = −0.77, P &lt; 0.0001 and r = −0.42, P &lt; 0.05, respectively) and total lung capacity (r = −0.73, P &lt; 0.0001 and r = −0.36, P &lt; 0.05, respectively). Moreover, B-lines correlated inversely with forced vital capacity (r = −0.73, P &lt; 0.0001), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r = −0.69, P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion B-lines score and serum KL-6 levels correlate with HRCT findings and pulmonary function tests, supporting their use as measures of IIM-ILD severity.

scholarly journals Computed tomography findings as determinants of pulmonary function tests in fibrotic interstitial lung diseases—Network-analyses and multivariate models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 147997312096702
Author(s):  
David Lang ◽  
Kaveh Akbari ◽  
Stefan Walcherberger ◽  
Benedikt Hergan ◽  
Andreas Horner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
The Impact

The aim was to evaluate the impact of multiple high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features on pulmonary function test (PFT) biomarkers in fibrotic interstitial lung disease (FILD) patients. HRCT of subsequently ILD-board-discussed FILD patients were semi-quantitatively evaluated in a standardized approach: 18 distinct lung regions were scored for noduli, reticulation, honeycombing, consolidations, ground glass opacities (GGO), traction bronchiectasis (BRK) and emphysema. Total lung capacity (TLC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and transfer coefficient (KCO) were assessed. Interactions between each PFT biomarker and all HRCT scores were visualized by network analyses, modeled according to the Schwarz Bayesian Information Criterion and incorporated in uni- and multivariate stepwise regression analyses. Among 108 FILD patients (mean age 67 years, 77% male), BRK extent was a major significant uni- or multivariate determinant of all PFT analyzed. Besides that, diffusion-based variables DLCO and KCO showed a larger dependency on reticulation, emphysema and GGO, while forced expiratory volume-based measures FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC were more closely associated with consolidations. For TLC, the only significant multivariate determinant was reticulation. In conclusion, PFT biomarkers derived from spirometry, body plethysmography and diffusion capacity in FILD patients are differentially influenced by semi-quantified HRCT findings.

scholarly journals Effect of Cigarette Smoke on Bronchial Reactivity

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
JL Wright ◽  
J-P Sun ◽  
S Vedal ◽  
A Churg
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Cigarette Smoke Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Different Strains

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a brief low level exposure to cigarette smoke in rats with known low (Sprague-Dawley) and high (Fisher) airway responsiveness, to test the hypothesis that airways reactivity influences the severity or duration of pulmonary function alterations after cigarette smoke exposure.METHODS: Baseline pulmonary function tests and methacholine dose response tests were conducted in 10 Sprague-Dawley and 10 Fisher rats. On the following day, the animals were reanaesthetized, and breathed for 1 min from a 2 L chamber into which 25 mL of fresh cigarette smoke had been injected, followed by a second set of pulmonary function and methacholine response tests; a final set was performed two weeks later.RESULTS: Sprague-Dawley rats were larger, with larger lung volumes, compliance and flow rates, but Fisher rats showed a fourfold higher airway reactivity. Although neither resistance nor response to methacholine changed in either strain of animal, Sprague-Dawley rats showed an increase in residual volume post smoke, which was not sustained over two weeks, and sustained small increases in vital capacity, total lung capacity and static lung compliance, with a sustained decrease in forced expiratory volume in 0.1 s, while Fisher rats showed only a small sustained increase in functional residual capacity.CONCLUSIONS: Although there are marked differences in pulmonary function between the two different strains of rats, increased airways responsiveness per se does not make the animal more sensitive to the acute effects of cigarette smoke, and the effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary function are not necessarily related to increased airway resistance. Pulmonary function alterations seen after brief cigarette smoke exposure may be sustained for a relatively long period of time.

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