scholarly journals Potential of fungicides, botanicals and biocontrol agents to induce physio-biochemical tolerance on Curcuma longa impaired by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasreen Musheer ◽  
Shabbir Ashraf ◽  
Arshi Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
List Type ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Biochemical Variation

AbstractNecrotic leaf spot of Curcuma longa (turmeric) limits the chief physio-biochemical activity for maintaining the plant health and productivity. In the present study, polyhouse and open field trials were conducted to estimate the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides on turmeric and to evaluate the foliar efficiency of propiconazole @ RD and copper oxychloride, extracts of A. indica, A. sativum and O. sanctum @ 40%, and culture filtrates of T. viride, T. harzianum and T. virens @ 4×106 cfu/ml in inducing physio-biochemical tolerance of pathogen inoculated and non-inoculated plants. In both the trials, these three agents yielded the highest efficiency to enhance the physio-biochemical traits. The induced physio-biochemical tolerance in treated turmeric plants showed variation in the elevation of plant health and immunity in response to pathogen aggressiveness or disease severity. However, phytophenol content was quite higher in infected plants than non-infected plants due to initiation of defense reaction in response of pathogenic elicitors. Thus, the present study demonstrated the novelty of physio-biochemical tolerance induction on turmeric plants by using fungicides, biocontrol agents and phytoextracts.HighlightsFoliar treatments improve desirable plant physio-biochemical traits against pathogen.Physio-biochemical variation induces the innate plant defense system.High phytophenol accumulation counteracts the pathogenic stress.Turmeric plant’s health and yield enhance by the reduction of disease intensity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Different Environmental Conditions during Vegetative Propagation on Growth, Survival, and Biochemical Characteristics in Populus Hybrids in Clonal Field Trial

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Valda Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė ◽  
Alfas Pliūra
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Biochemical Traits ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Growing Conditions

To have a cleaner environment, good well-being, and improve the health of citizens it is necessary to expand green urban and suburban areas using productive and adapted material of tree species. The quality of urban greenery, resistance to negative climate change factors and pollution, as well as efficiency of short-rotation forestry in suburban areas, depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, phenotypic plasticity, and genotypic variation of hybrid poplars (Populus L.) grown in plantations are affected not only by the peculiarities of hybrids and clones, but also by environmental conditions of their vegetative propagation. The aim of the present study was to estimate growth and biochemical responses, the phenotypic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits, and genetically regulated adaptability of Populus hybrids in field trials which may be predisposed by the simulated contrasting temperature conditions at their vegetative propagation phase. The research was performed with the 20 cultivars and experimental clones of one intraspecific cross and four different interspecific hybrids of poplars propagated under six contrasting temperature regimes in phytotron. The results suggest that certain environmental conditions during vegetative propagation not only have a short-term effect on tree viability and growth, but also can help to adapt to climate change conditions and grow successfully in the long-term. It was found that tree growth and biochemical traits (the chlorophyll A and B, pigments content and the chlorophyll A/B ratio) of hybrid poplar clones grown in field trials, as well as their traits’ genetic parameters, were affected by the rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation phase. Hybrids P. balsamifera × P. trichocarpa, and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa have shown the most substantial changes of biochemical traits across vegetative propagation treatments in field trial. Rooting-growing conditions during vegetative propagation had also an impact on coefficients of genotypic variation and heritability in hybrid poplar clones when grown in field trials.

scholarly journals Growth Regulators Affect the Growth and Biochemical Activity of Curcuma longa Plants Grown in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire Pereira de Souza Ferrari ◽  
Mayara dos Santos Queiroz ◽  
Matheus Marquezini de Andrade ◽  
Jessica Rezende Trettel ◽  
Hélida Mara Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro growth and biochemical activity of Curcuma longa explants using different MS medium formulations and growth regulators. In all the experiments, plants were grown in MS medium supplemented with agar (6.5 g L-1) and pH adjusted to 5.8. In the first assay, the MS culture medium at 70% strength, supplemented with 30 g L-1 of sucrose, and without the addition of activated carbon, resulted in the highest number of shoots. The sucrose concentration of 60 g L-1, combined with the addition of actived charcoalin half-strength MS medium, resulted in the increased root dry mass, root collar diameter, and relative chlorophyll index. In the second assay, the highest root collar diameter and dry matter of shoots and roots were found in the MS medium supplemented with 4.44 BAP, 0.46 KIN, and 1.08 NAA. The MS medium with 8.88 BAP, 0.92 KIN, and 2.16 μM NAA resulted in the highest number of shoots (7.75), number of leaves (35), and shoot length (88.57 mm). The antioxidant activity was significantly higher in the treatments that resulted in better plantlets growth performance, demonstrating that the antioxidant activity is related to other factors such as a possible role of growth regulators on the elicitation of compounds in plants. Superoxide dismutase had a high enzymatic activity in both assays, whereas the enzymatic activity of catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was dependent on the culture media used.

scholarly journals Screening and potent applicability analysis of commonly used pesticides against desert locust: an integrative entomo-informatics approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Banik ◽  
Md. Fuad Mondal ◽  
Md. Mostafigur Rahman Khan ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe locust problem is a global threat for food security. Locusts can fly and migrate overseas within a zip and creating a large-scale devastation to the diversified agro-ecosystem. GIS based analysis showed the recent movement of locusts, among them Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria are predominant in Indian subcontinent and are found more notorious and devastating one. This devastation needs to be stopped to save human race from food deprivation. In our study, we screened some commonly used agricultural pesticides and strongly recommended three of them viz. biphenthrin, diafenthiuron and silafluofen which might be potential to control the desert locusts based on their binding affinity towards the locust’s survival proteins. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that these three recommended pesticides might also show potency to the other locust species as well as they are also way safer than the other commercially available pesticides. These proposed pesticide’s bioactive analogs from fungus and bacteria may also show efficacy as next generation controlling measures of locust as well as different kind of pests. These recommended pesticides are expected to be highly effective against locusts and needs to bring forward by the entomologists’ by performing experimental field trials.HighlightsGIS map unmasked the 2020 migratory pattern of locusts which now predominant towards Indian subcontinent.Biphenthrin, diafenthiuron and silafluofen showed maximum binding affinity.Biphenthrin and diafenthiuron were relatively safer than silafluofen.Bioactive analogs from fungus and bacteria could be an alternative to control locusts.Pesticides inhibition hotspots for desert locusts were unrevealed.

scholarly journals Inhibición de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides en cultivos de nañe en el Caribe colombiano usando aceites esenciales de Curcuma longa y Zingiber officinale

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alexander Pérez Cordero ◽  
Leonardo Chamorro Anaya ◽  
Jorge Mercado Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata

Los aceites esenciales son compuestos orgánicos importantes en el sector farmacéutico debido a sus propiedades antimicrobianas, volviéndose una alternativa de solución para determinadas fitopatologías. En el presente estudio se evaluó in vitro la actividad inhibitoria de aceites esenciales de Curcuma longa y Zingiber officinale contra Colletotrichum sp. obtenidas a partir de cultivos de Dioscorea rotundata en Toluviejo (Sucre, Colombia). Concentraciones de 3,000; 5,000; 8,000 y 10,000 mg/L de extracciones de aceite (método de hidrodestilación asistida por microondas) fueron aplicados a cultivos in vitro del hongo. Además, se empleó un testigo absoluto y controles positivo y negativo. Los aceites fueron caracterizados por cromatografía de gases acoplado a espectrometría de masa. La actividad inhibitoria se realizó por medio de la prueba de siembra en superficie (porcentaje de índice de inhibición). Los mayores valores de índice antifúngico se observaron a 10,000 mg/L similar al obtenido con el control positivo por benomil. De la caracterización química de los aceites esenciales el metabolito secundario que se presentó con mayor rango fue el monoterpeno 3-Thujeno y el citral. Los aceites esenciales de C. longa y Z. officinale generaron actividad inhibitoria contra el crecimiento de Colletotrichum sp., y por lo tanto pueden ser empleados para reducir la antracnosis.

scholarly journals Efeito in vitro de compostos de plantas sobre o fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz: isolado do maracujazeiro

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1853-1860 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Costa da Silva ◽  
Nilza de Lima Pereira Sales ◽  
Alisson Vinícius de Araújo ◽  
Cecílio Frois Caldeira Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Lippia Citriodora ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Lippia Sidoides ◽  
Solanum Sisymbriifolium

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de extratos e óleos essenciais de quatorze plantas medicinais e ou nativas, conhecidas popularmente no Norte de Minas Gerais, sobre a germinação de esporos e crescimento micelial do fungo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Foram utilizados no teste de inibição do crescimento micelial, os extratos aquosos de alecrim (Rosmarinus officinalis), erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea), joá (Solanum sisymbriifolium), quebra-pedra (Phyllanthus corcovadensis), erva botão (Eclipta alba) e açafrão da índia (Curcuma longa) obtidos por meio do processo de infusão; óleo essencial de alecrim de vargem (Família Lamiaceae), alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides), alfavaca cravo (Ocimum gratissimum), lippia (Lippia citriodora), goiaba branca (Psidium guajava), capim santo (Cymbopogon citratus); óleo resina de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffi); hidrolatos de alecrim de vargem, goiaba vermelha (Psidium guajava), lippia, capim santo, goiaba branca, alfavaca cravo; manipueira de (Manihot esculenta). Também foram testados esses mesmos hidrolatos e os óleos essenciais na germinação dos esporos do fungo. Todos os tratamentos foram realizados in vitro, cultivando-se o fungo em meio de cultura BDA acrescido de 100μL dos compostos vegetais. No teste de inibição da germinação, todos os óleos essenciais impediram a germinação do fungo. No entanto, os hidrolatos não tiveram esse efeito. No teste de crescimento micelial, os óleos essenciais de todas as plantas inibiram completamente o crescimento do fungo, exceto o óleo da goiaba branca. Os extratos aquosos, a manipueira, o óleo resina e os hidrolatos, também não foram eficientes sobre o crescimento do patógeno. Esses resultados indicam o potencial antifúngico de alguns óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais.

Bioactive Compounds Produced by Biocontrol Agents Driving Plant Health

2019 ◽  
pp. 337-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel O. P. Navarro ◽  
Amanda C. M. Piva ◽  
Ane S. Simionato ◽  
Flávia R. Spago ◽  
Fluvio Modolon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Plant Health

Effect of frequency of defoliation of 40 Stylosanthes guianensis genotypes on field reaction to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Miles ◽  
JM Lenne
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Frequency Interaction ◽  
Field Reaction ◽  
Defoliation Frequency ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Moderate Magnitude

Four different defoliation frequency treatments (uncut, or cut to approx, 10 cm every 4, 8, or 12 weeks) were imposed over 40 weeks on 40 S. guianensis genotypes to determine whether defoliation frequency can reliably be used to alter reproductive stage (as measured by visual score of flowering abundance) of the host plant and to determine the degree of association between anthracnose severity and reproductive stage. Flowering was more abundant and anthracnose more severe with less frequent defoliation. Flowering abundance was closely related with weeks of uninterrupted regrowth. Anthracnose severity was not closely associated either with weeks of uninterrupted regrowth nor with flowering abundance. The genotype-defoliation frequency interaction effect on anthracnose severity was very small compared to the main effects. Thus defoliation frequency of field trials should not affect reliability of estimation of relative genetic resistance to anthracnose. Flowering abundance was positively correlated with anthracnose susceptibility across genotypes, but the correlation was generally of only moderate magnitude.

Disease surveillance in England and Wales, September 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (14) ◽  
pp. 362-365
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
List Type ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Surveillance Report ◽  
Emerging Issues

Current and emerging issues: Schmallenberg virusHighlights from the scanning surveillance networkon international disease threatsSalmonellainvestigations in ruminantsThese are among matters discussed in the Animal and Plant Health Agency’s (APHA’s) disease surveillance report for September 2017

scholarly journals Control of field insect pests of mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) using some plant extracts in Umudike, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elechi F. Asawalam ◽  
Ekemezie Constance
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Field trials were conducted at Umudike, Nigeria, during the 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons to determine the efficacy of plant extracts from seven plant species against field insect pests of mung bean, Vigna radiata L. Wilczek. The extracts tested were obtained from scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum), neem leaf (Azadirachta indica), bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina), garlic (Allium sativum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peel and Negro pepper (Xylopia aethiopica). Karate (Lambda-cyhalothrin EC) at 50 mL was introduced as a check in the trials. The experimental design was a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Data were collected weekly on the insect population densities, yield and yield components. The results indicated that all the treatments were effective against mung bean insect pests (Aphis craccivora [aphid], Bemisia tabaci [whitefly], Amrasca biguttula biguttula [jassid] and Zonocerus variegatus[grasshopper]). There was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in the population of insects on the plots treated with plant extracts and karate in 2015 and 2016 cropping seasons. The population densities of grasshoppers in 2015 and whitefly in 2016 were significantly lower in the treated plots compared with the control plots. Azadirachta indica and C. longa extracts recorded the highest seed yield of 50.00 kg/ha and 42.33 kg/ha in 2015 and 2016, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the plant extracts and karate, which recorded significantly higher yields when compared with the control (23.30 kg/ha). All the plant extracts used exhibited insecticidal activity against the insect pests of mung bean. It is, therefore, recommended that these plant extracts can be used for the control of mung bean insect pests to achieve sustainable production, food security and quality.

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