scholarly journals Climate change shifts abiotic niche of temperate skates towards deeper zones in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Fernanda Ramos Coelho ◽  
Sergio Maia Queiroz Lima ◽  
Flávia de Figueiredo Petean

ABSTRACTClimatic changes are disrupting distribution patterns of populations through shifts in species abiotic niches and habitat loss. The abiotic niche of marine benthic taxa such as skates, however, may be more climatically stable compared to upper layers of the water column, in which aquatic organisms are more exposed to immediate impacts of warming. Here, we estimate climate change impacts in Riorajini, a tribe of four skates, as a proxy to (1) evaluate the vulnerability of a temperate coastal zone in the Atlantic Southwest, and (2) study niche dynamics in a scenario of environmental changes on this group of threatened species. We modelled each species abiotic niche under present (2000–2014) and future (2100, Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) climatic scenarios, then measured niche overlap, stability, expansion, and unfilling. Our results reveal an expansion of suitable environment for the occurrence of the tribe in up to 20% towards deeper areas (longitudinal shift), although still within the limits of the continental shelf. We discussed the downfalls of such shift to the species and to the local biota in newly invaded areas, and suggest that even deeper layers of marine temperate zones are vulnerable to dramatic environmental changes as a consequence of global warming.

Hypatia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Powys Whyte

Indigenous peoples must adapt to current and coming climate‐induced environmental changes like sea‐level rise, glacier retreat, and shifts in the ranges of important species. For some indigenous peoples, such changes can disrupt the continuance of the systems of responsibilities that their communities rely on self‐consciously for living lives closely connected to the earth. Within this domain of indigeneity, some indigenous women take seriously the responsibilities that they may perceive they have as members of their communities. For the indigenous women who have such outlooks, responsibilities that they assume in their communities expose them to harms stemming from climate change impacts and other environmental changes. Yet at the same time, their commitment to these responsibilities motivates them to take on leadership positions in efforts at climate change adaptation and mitigation. I show why, at least for some indigenous women, this is an important way of framing the climate change impacts that affect them. I then argue that there is an important implication in this conversation for how we understand the political responsibilities of nonindigenous parties for supporting distinctly indigenous efforts at climate change adaptation and mitigation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Ostapchuk ◽  
Sherilee Harper ◽  
Ashlee Cunsolo Willox ◽  
Victoria L. Edge ◽  
Rigolet Inuit Community Government

<p>Climate changes are rapidly intensifying and can lead to adverse global health impacts. Indigenous populations are especially vulnerable to climate change because of their dependence on the environment for cultural activities and subsistence. The voices of Inuit Elders and seniors encompass deep wisdom and history; as such, the goal of this research was to examine the perceived impacts of climate and environmental changes on physical, mental, and emotional health, as observed by Elders and seniors in the Inuit community of Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada. A mixed-methods approach was used to gather data capturing these local observations, as well as perceived impacts on community health. A community survey was administered in November 2009 (n = 75) and in-depth interviews were conducted with Elders and seniors from January to October 2010 (n = 22). Survey results indicated that Elders and seniors observing changes in weather patterns, water systems, and wildlife were more likely to perceive climate change impacts on health (p &lt; 0.05). Emergent themes from the interviews included: recurring observations of climate change, including changes in temperature, ice, snow, and seasonal timing; impacts on physical health, including reduced physical activity levels and poorer nutrition; impacts on mental and emotional health, including feelings of isolation and depression; and an identified need for community-wide adaptation. This research emphasized the importance of understanding Elder-specific perspectives of climate-health relationships in the Canadian North to develop sustainable, culturally relevant adaptation strategies to mitigate health impacts related to climate change.<br /><br />ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓ  ᓱᒃᑲᓕᔪᒃᑯᑦ  ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᕗᖅ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ  ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑐᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔪᓐᓇᖅᑯᖅ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑎᒍᑦ.  ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ  ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᑑᔪᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖅᐹᖑᔪᓐᓇᖅᑯᑦ  ᐊᕙᑎᒥᓂᒃ  ᑕᑎᖃᕐᓂᕐᒥᓄᑦ,  ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖏᑎᒍᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖅᐸᓐᓂᖏᑎᒍᑦ.  ᐃᓄᐃᑦ  ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ  ᐃᓐᓇᑐᖃᐃᓪᓗ  ᓂᐱᖏᑦ  ᓯᓚᑐᓂᕐᒥᒃ  ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖃᖅᑯᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᖃᖅᑯᑦ;  ᓲᕐᓗ  ᐆᒧᖓ  ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᑐᕌᒐᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓂᒃ  ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᖃᓄᖅ  ᐊᕙᑎᐅᑉ  ᑕᐅᑦᑐᖓ,  ᐃᓱᒪᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑎᒍᑦ,  ᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ  ᑕᑯᓐᓇᖅᑕᖃᖅᑯᑦ  ᐃᓄᐃᑦ  ᓄᓇᓕᖓᓂ  ᕆᒍᓚᑦ,  ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᒻᒥ,  ᓛᐸᑐᐊᒥ,  ᑲᓇᑕᒥ.  ᑲᑎᑕᐹᓂᑦ  ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐊᖅᑯᑏᑦ  ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᑕᑯᓐᓇᒐᐅᕗᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᑕᑯᓐᓇᑕᒃᑯᑦ  ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᐅᔪᑦ.  ᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑎ  ᓄᕕᐱᕆ  2009<strong>−</strong>ᒥ  ᐃᖏᕐᕋᓂᖃᔪᕗᖅ  (<em>n </em>= 75)  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐃᓗᑐᔪᓂᑦ  ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑎᖃᔪᕗᑦ  ᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ  ᐃᓄᑐᖃᕐᓄᓪᓗ  ᔮᓐᓄᐊᓕᒻᒥᑦ  ᐅᑐᐱᕆᒧᑦ  2010<strong>−</strong>ᒥ (<em>n </em>= 22). ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑎᒧᑦ  ᑭᒡᒍᓯᐅᔪᔪᑦ  ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᕗᑦ  ᐃᓄᑐᖃᐃᑦ  ᑕᑯᔭᖃᖅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓂᖓᑕ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᑦ,  ᐃᒪᐅᓪᓗ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ  ᑕᒪᒃᑯᐊ  ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔪᑦ  ᐃᓄᐃᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᕆᔭᖏᓐᓂᒃ  (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05).  ᓲᔪᕐᓇᑐᓪᓗ  ᐊᓚᒃᑲᔪᔪᑦ  ᐊᐱᖅᓲᑕᐅᔪᔪᓂᑦ  ᐃᓗᓕᖃᐅᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ  ᒪᑯᓂᖓ:  ᓲᔪᕆᔭᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᓂᖓᓄᑦ;  ᓂᓪᓚᓱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐆᖅᑰᓇᕐᓂᒧᓪᓗ;  ᓂᓚᐅᑉ,  ᐊᐳᑎᐅᑉ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐅᐱᕐᖔᑉ,  ᐅᑭᐅᑉ  ᐊᓰᓐᓇᓕᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ; ᐊᑦᑐᐃᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓪᓗᑎ  ᑎᒥᒧᑦ   ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ;  ᐃᓱᒪᒧᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᐃᓱᒪᒃᑯᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒨᖓᔪᑦ,  ᐃᓚᓕᐅᑦᑐᒋᑦ  ᐃᑉᐱᓐᓂᐊᔾᔪᑎᑦ  ᐃᓄᑑᓕᐅᑎᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ  ᓄᒫᓱᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ  ᐊᒻᒪᓗ;  ᑭᓐᖒᒪᑦᑎᓂᖅᓄᓇᓕᒻᒥ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᖃᓄᖅᑑᕈᑎᓂᒃ.  ᐅᓇ  ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ  ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓚᐅᖅᑯᖅ  ᐱᓪᓗᕆᑦᑐᓂᒃ  ᑐᑭᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ  ᐃᓐᓇᕐᓄᑦ  ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔾᔪᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ  ᓯᓚᐅᑉ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ  ᐊᑦᑐᐊᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ  ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ  ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᖓᓂ  ᑐᕌᒐᖃᕐᓂᐊᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ  ᑲᔪᓯᐅᒪᔾᔪᑎᔅᓴᓂᒃ,  ᐱᖅᑯᓯᖅᑎᒍᑦ  ᐊᑲᕐᕆᔪᓂᒃ  ᐅᐸᓗᖓᐃᔭᕈᑎᓂᒃ  ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᑭᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ  ᐃᓗᓯᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑦ  ᐃᑉᐱᓐᓂᕈᑎᓂᒃ  ᓯᓚ  ᐊᓯᔾᔨᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᓪᓗᒍ.</p>


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabha Amarasinghe ◽  
Narayani Barve ◽  
Hashendra Kathriarachchi ◽  
Bette Loiselle ◽  
Nico Cellinese

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenzhu Xu ◽  
Yanling Jiang ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou

The nitrogen (N) cycle and N balance have primarily been modified by anthropogenic activities and environmental changes at various scales, including biological individual, ecosystem, local landscape, continental region, and global. These modifications have drastically affected the structures and functions of natural and agricultural ecosystems in terrestrial and aquatic areas. In this manuscript, we first present a modified view of the global N cycle that includes N transport, conversion, and exchange processes. Second, several crucial issues concerning N balance, including N deposition and excessive addition and the dynamics of N and other nutrients, are reviewed. Third, the effects of climate change factors, including water status, warming, and elevated CO2 concentrations, on N balance and the N cycle and their interactions within and with other environmental factors are outlined. Finally, intervention strategies for improving N balance and N cycling to address rapid continual climatic change and socio-economic development are presented and discussed. It is highlighted that the altered N balance and N cycle between the geosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere have produced the profoundly critical challenge of maintaining N levels within an appropriate range, which should be considered by relevant people and sectors, including researchers, managers, and policy makers from ecological, environmental, and sustainable development sectors.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marloes Penning de Vries ◽  
Suhyb Salama ◽  
Chris Mannaerts ◽  
Daphne van der Wal

&lt;p&gt;As a consequence of the ever-increasing global temperature, not only the air, and surface, but also lakes are warming up. This is expressed by steadily increasing base temperatures, but also in increases in the frequency and intensity of lake heatwaves. Land-based organisms may adapt to a changing climate by migrating to more suitable habitats, but this is usually not an option for lake-dwellers. Because many livelihoods depend on the ecosystem services of lakes, understanding the effects of heatwaves on lake composition form &amp;#160;an important input for the assessment of climate change impacts and design of adaptation strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using satellite data of lake temperature and water quality observations, we here investigate the effects of heatwaves on lake composition by studying the relationship between heatwaves and water quality variables of temperature, chlorophyll-a , colored dissolved organic matter, and suspended particulate matter . The latter can be used to infer effects of heat stress on health and populations of phyto- and zooplankton communities and higher aquatic organisms. Satellite-based data sets provided by the Climate Change Initiative of the European Space Agency, &amp;#160;CCI-Lakes (https://climate.esa.int/en/projects/lakes/) are&amp;#160; used in conjunction with the 2SeaColor model to determine depth-dependent attenuation coefficients and water quality variables.These data are complemented with and compared to data from Copernicus Global Land Services (https://land.copernicus.eu/global/products/).&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The co-occurrence of heatwaves and changes in lake composition is investigated using statistical tools, and the causality is examined by comparison with biophysical models. The results from this study are discussed in light of previously published projected changes in heatwave frequency and intensity.&lt;/p&gt;


Ecologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-331
Author(s):  
Haijiang Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Gou ◽  
Dingcai Yin

Climate change is having a significant impact on the global ecosystem and is likely to become increasingly important as this phenomenon intensifies. Numerous studies in climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services in China have been published in recent decades. However, a comprehensive review of the topic is needed to provide an improved understanding of the history and driving mechanisms of environmental changes within the region. Here we review the evidence for changes in climate and the peer-reviewed literature that assesses climate change impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem, and ecosystem services at a China scale. Our main conclusions are as follows. (1) Most of the evidence shows that climate change (the increasing extreme events) is affecting the change of productivity, species interactions, and biological invasions, especially in the agro-pastoral transition zone and fragile ecological area in Northern China. (2) The individuals and populations respond to climate change through changes in behavior, functions, and geographic scope. (3) The impact of climate change on most types of services (provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural) in China is mainly negative and brings threats and challenges to human well-being and natural resource management, therefore, requiring costly societal adjustments. In general, although great progress has been made, the management strategies still need to be further improved. Integrating climate change into ecosystem services assessment and natural resource management is still a major challenge. Moving forward, it is necessary to evaluate and research the effectiveness of typical demonstration cases, which will contribute to better scientific management of natural resources in China and the world.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabe

It has been projected that the single greatest impact of environmental changes will be on human migration and displacement. Migration has been extensively discussed and documented as an adaptation strategy in response to environmental changes, and more recently, to climate change. However, forced relocation will lead to the displacement of people, and although much has been written about it, very little has been documented from the Pacific Islands perspective, especially by communities that were forced to relocate as a result of colonialism and those that have been forced to migrate today as a result of climate change impacts. Using the Gilbertese resettlement from the Phoenix Islands to the Solomon Islands, in particular, Wagina Island in the 1960s as a case study of forced relocation and displacement of Pacific Islands people during the colonial period, this paper aims to underline some of the important lessons that can be learned from this historical case to inform the present and future challenges of climate change migration and displacement. Without dismissing migration as a coping strategy, the paper argues that the forced relocation of people from their home islands as a result of climate change will lead to displacement. It accentuates that in the case of Pacific Islands, forced relocation will lead to displacement if they are forced to leave their land because of their deep relationship and attachment to it. The paper also emphasizes the need to acknowledge and honor Pacific Islands’ voices and perceptions in discourses on climate change migration and displacement at national, regional and international forums.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Charuni Wickramarachchi ◽  
Jayanga T. Samarasinghe ◽  
Yousif Alyousifi ◽  
Upaka Rathnayake

Atmospheric moisture loading can cause a great impact on the performance and integrity of building exteriors in a tropical climate. Buildings can be highly impacted due to the changing climate conditions over the world. Therefore, it is important to incorporate the projected changes of moisture loads in structural designs under changing climates. The moisture index (MI) is widely used in many countries as a climate-based indicator to guide the building designs for their durability performance. However, this was hardly considered in structural designs in Sri Lanka, even though the country is one of the most affected countries under climate change. Therefore, this study investigates future climate change impacts on the environmental moisture in terms of MI, which can be used in climate zoning, investigating indoor air quality, understanding thermal comfort and energy consumption, etc. The moisture index was found as a function of the drying index (DI) and wetting index (WI) to the whole country for its four rainfall seasons. The temporal and spatial distributions were plotted as MI maps and showcased under two categories; including historical MI maps (1990–2004) and future projected MI maps (2021–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100). Future projected MI maps were constructed using bias-corrected climatic data for two RCP climatic scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Results showed that the temporal and spatial variations of MIs are justifiable to the country’s rainfall patterns and seasons. However, notable increases of MIs can be observed for future projected MIs in two seasons, and thus a careful investigation of their impacts should be assessed in terms of the construction of buildings and various agricultural activities. Therefore, the outcome of this research can be essentially used in policy implementation in adapting to the ongoing climate changes in Sri Lanka.


2022 ◽  
pp. 1659-1671
Author(s):  
Isahaque Ali ◽  
Rameeja Shaik ◽  
Maruthi A. Y. ◽  
Azlinda Azman ◽  
Paramjit Singh ◽  
...  

Earth and coastal ecosystems are not static, and they usually respond to environmental changes, mostly anthropogenic and climatic. Here, the authors described natural values, coastal landforms, and types of infrastructure that are most likely to be affected by climate change (CC) and provide information for assessing inundation, erosion, and recession risks for a chosen location. In this chapter, the authors focused on the land uses, the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure, and argued for effective linkages between CC issues and development planning. They also recommended the incorporation of CC impact and risk assessment into long-term national development strategies. Policies will be presented to implement these recommendations for adaptation to climate variability and global CC. The authors provide general recommendations and identify challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the implications for CC to coastal management.


Author(s):  
Isahaque Ali ◽  
Rameeja Shaik ◽  
Maruthi A. Y. ◽  
Azlinda Azman ◽  
Paramjit Singh ◽  
...  

Earth and coastal ecosystems are not static, and they usually respond to environmental changes, mostly anthropogenic and climatic. Here, the authors described natural values, coastal landforms, and types of infrastructure that are most likely to be affected by climate change (CC) and provide information for assessing inundation, erosion, and recession risks for a chosen location. In this chapter, the authors focused on the land uses, the vulnerability of coastal infrastructure, and argued for effective linkages between CC issues and development planning. They also recommended the incorporation of CC impact and risk assessment into long-term national development strategies. Policies will be presented to implement these recommendations for adaptation to climate variability and global CC. The authors provide general recommendations and identify challenges for the incorporation of climate change impacts and risk assessment into long-term land-use national development plans and strategies. Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the implications for CC to coastal management.


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