scholarly journals Localised expression of OsIAA29 suggests a key role for auxin in regulating development of the dorsal aleurone of early rice grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafroz A. Basunia ◽  
Heather M. Nonhebel ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Mary McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Narrow Strip ◽  
Sugar Transporters ◽  
Endosperm Transfer Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Early Rice

AbstractEndosperm of rice and other cereals accumulates high concentrations of the predominant in planta auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during early grain development. However, IAA signalling and function during endosperm development are poorly understood. Here, we report that OsYUC12 (an auxin biosynthesis gene) and OsIAA29 (encoding a non-canonical AUX/IAA) are both expressed exclusively in grains, reaching a maximum 5 to 6 days after pollination. OsYUC12 expression is localized in the aleurone, sub-aleurone and embryo, whereas OsIAA29 expression is restricted to a narrow strip in the dorsal aleurone, directly under the vascular bundle. Although rice has been reported to lack endosperm transfer cells (ETCs), this region of the aleurone is enriched with sugar transporters and is likely to play a key role in apoplastic nutrient transfer, analogous to ETCs in other cereals. OsIAA29 has orthologues only in grass species; expression of which is also specific to early grain development. OsYUC12 and OsIAA29 are temporally co-expressed with two genes (AL1 and OsPR602) previously linked to the development of dorsal aleurone or ETCs. Also up regulated at the same time are a cluster of MYB-related genes (designated OsMRPLs) homologous to ZmMRP-1, which regulates maize ETC development. Wheat homologues of ZmMRP-1 are also expressed in ETCs. Although previous work has suggested that other cereals do not have orthologues of ZmMRP-1, our work suggests OsIAA29 and OsMRPLs and their homologues in other grasses are part of an auxin-regulated, conserved signalling network involved in the differentiation of cells with ETC-like function in developing cereal grains.Main ConclusionNon-canonical AUX/IAA protein, OsIAA29, and ZmMPR-1 homologues, OsMRPLs, are part of an auxin-related signalling cascade operating in the dorsal aleurone during early rice grain development.

scholarly journals Genome Wide Analysis of the Transcriptional Profiles in Different Regions of the Developing Rice Grains

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ying Wu ◽  
Marlen Müller ◽  
Wilhelm Gruissem ◽  
Navreet K. Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Dna Sequence Motifs

Abstract Background Rice is an important food source for humans worldwide. Because of its nutritional and agricultural significance, a number of studies addressed various aspects of rice grain development and grain filling. Nevertheless, the molecular processes underlying grain filling and development, and in particular the contributions of different grain tissues to these processes, are not understood. Main Text Using RNA-sequencing, we profiled gene expression activity in grain tissues comprised of cross cells (CC), the nucellar epidermis (NE), ovular vascular trace (OVT), endosperm (EN) and the aleurone layer (AL). These tissues were dissected using laser capture microdissection (LCM) at three distinct grain development stages. The mRNA expression datasets offer comprehensive and new insights into the gene expression patterns in different rice grain tissues and their contributions to grain development. Comparative analysis of the different tissues revealed their similar and/or unique functions, as well as the spatio-temporal regulation of common and tissue-specific genes. The expression patterns of genes encoding hormones and transporters indicate an important role of the OVT tissue in metabolite transport during grain development. Gene co-expression network prediction on OVT-specific genes identified several distinct and common development-specific transcription factors. Further analysis of enriched DNA sequence motifs proximal to OVT-specific genes revealed known and novel DNA sequence motifs relevant to rice grain development. Conclusion Together, the dataset of gene expression in rice grain tissues is a novel and useful resource for further work to dissect the molecular and metabolic processes during rice grain development.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and metabolic flux analyses reveal shift of metabolic patterns during rice grain development

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangzhou Shen ◽  
Xueting Wu ◽  
Luoxi Shi ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Yangmin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Flux ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Grain Development

scholarly journals Tropane Alkaloids: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Biosynthesis and Production

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Kohnen-Johannsen ◽  
Oliver Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽  
Pharmaceutical Therapy ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Microbial Biosynthesis

Tropane alkaloids (TA) are valuable secondary plant metabolites which are mostly found in high concentrations in the Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae families. The TAs, which are characterized by their unique bicyclic tropane ring system, can be divided into three major groups: hyoscyamine and scopolamine, cocaine and calystegines. Although all TAs have the same basic structure, they differ immensely in their biological, chemical and pharmacological properties. Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, has the largest legitimate market as a pharmacological agent due to its treatment of nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, as well as smooth muscle spasms while cocaine is the 2nd most frequently consumed illicit drug globally. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TAs, highlighting their structural diversity, use in pharmaceutical therapy from both historical and modern perspectives, natural biosynthesis in planta and emerging production possibilities using tissue culture and microbial biosynthesis of these compounds.

scholarly journals Copper Supplementation in Watering Solution Reaches the Xylem But Does Not Protect Tobacco Plants Against Xylella fastidiosa Infection

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Ge ◽  
Paul A. Cobine ◽  
Leonardo De La Fuente
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
High Concentrations

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited plant pathogenic bacterium that causes disease in many crops worldwide. Copper (Cu) is an antimicrobial agent widely used on X. fastidiosa hosts to control other diseases. Although the effects of Cu for control of foliar pathogens are well known, it is less studied on xylem-colonizing pathogens. Previous results from our group showed that low concentrations of CuSO4 increased biofilm formation, whereas high concentrations inhibited biofilm formation and growth in vitro. In this study, we conducted in planta experiments to determine the influence of Cu in X. fastidiosa infection using tobacco as a model. X. fastidiosa-infected and noninfected plants were watered with tap water or with water supplemented with 4 mM or 8 mM of CuSO4. Symptom progression was assessed, and sap and leaf ionome analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectroscopy. Cu uptake was confirmed by increased concentrations of Cu in the sap of plants treated with CuSO4-amended water. Leaf scorch symptoms in Cu-supplemented plants showed a trend toward more severe at later time points. Quantification of total and viable X. fastidiosa in planta indicated that CuSO4-amended treatments did not inhibit but slightly increased the growth of X. fastidiosa. Cu in sap was in the range of concentrations that promote X. fastidiosa biofilm formation according to our previous in vitro study. Based on these results, we proposed that the plant Cu homeostasis machinery controls the level of Cu in the xylem, preventing it from becoming elevated to a level that would lead to bacterial inhibition.

scholarly journals Genome wide analysis of the transcriptional profiles in different regions of the developing rice grains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ying Wu ◽  
Marlen Müller ◽  
Wilhelm Gruissem ◽  
Navreet K. Bhullar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Sequence Motifs ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Dna Sequence Motifs

Abstract Background Rice is an important food source for humans worldwide. Because of its nutritional and agricultural significance, a number of studies addressed various aspects of rice grain development and grain filling. Nevertheless, the molecular processes underlying grain filling and development, and in particular in different contributions of grain tissues to these process, are not understood. Main text Using RNA-sequencing, we profiled gene expression activity in grain tissues comprised of cross cells (CC), the nucellar epidermis (NE), ovular vascular trace (OVT), endosperm (EN) and the aleurone layer (AL). These tissues were dissected using laser capture microdissection (LCM) at three distinct grain development stages. The mRNA expression datasets offer comprehensive and new insights into the gene expression patterns in different rice grain tissues and their contributions to grain development. Comparative analysis of the different tissues revealed their similar and/or unique functions, as well as the spatio-temporal regulation of common and tissue-specific genes. The expression patterns of genes encoding hormones and transporters indicate an important role of the OVT tissue in metabolite transport during grain development. Gene co-expression network prediction on OVT-specific genes identified several distinct and common development-specific transcription factors. Further analysis of enriched DNA sequence motifs proximal to OVT-specific genes revealed known and novel DNA sequence motifs relevant to rice grain development. Conclusion Together, the dataset of gene expression in rice grain tissues is a novel and useful resource for further work to dissect the molecular and metabolic processes during rice grain development.

scholarly journals Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Has Minimum Toxicological Risk on the Germination and Early Growth of Two Grass Species with Potential for Phytostabilization

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Manuel Teodoro ◽  
Rafael Clemente ◽  
Ermengol Ferrer-Bustins ◽  
Domingo Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Maria Pilar Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Hydroponic Experiment ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterial ◽  
Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron ◽  
High Concentrations

Two Poaceae species, Agrostis capillaris and Festuca rubra, were selected for their potential as phytostabilizing plants in multicontaminated soils. These species are resistant to contamination and maintain high concentrations of contaminants at the root level. Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) is an engineered nanomaterial with the ability to stabilize metal(loid)s in soils; its potential toxicological effects in the selected species were studied in a germination test using: (i) control variant without soil; (ii) soil contaminated with Pb and Zn; and (iii) contaminated soil amended with 1% nZVI, as well as in an hydroponic experiment with the addition of nZVI 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg L−1. nZVI had no negative effects on seed germination or seedling growth, but was associated with an increase in shoot growth and reduction of the elongation inhibition rate (root-dependent) of F. rubra seedlings. However, applications of nZVI in the hydroponic solution had no effects on F. rubra but A. capillaris developed longer roots and more biomass. Increasing nZVI concentrations in the growing solution increased Mg and Fe uptake and reduced the Fe translocation factor. Our results indicate that nZVI has few toxic effects on the studied species.

Comparison of the transport properties of three plant sucrose carriers expressed in Xenopus oocytes

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Jiang Zhou ◽  
Anthony J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Oocytes ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Inward Currents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
External Ph

This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 Previous work has shown different patterns of expression for the three plant sucrose transporters PmSUC1, PmSUC2 and AtSUC1. Each carrier may therefore have different properties appropriate for the transport function at each location in the plant. To test this hypothesis, a detailed characterisation of each carrier was performed by expressing the protein in Xenopus oocytes. All three carriers were functionally active in oocytes and transported both sucrose and maltose with the sugars eliciting inward currents, which increased at more negative membrane voltages. This effect was greater for AtSUC1 and PmSUC1 than for PmSUC2. The affinities of the carriers for each sugar were different, with PmSUC2 having a 10-fold higher Km for sucrose compared to AtSUC1 and PmSUC1. However, these values for all three carriers were dependent on the external pH and membrane voltage. For both PmSUC1 and PmSUC2 the maximal sugar transport was achieved at external pH values of 6.5–7.5, values which do not appear to be consistent with a proton-coupled mechanism of transport. However, the normal saline used for oocyte experiments contains relatively high concentrations of NaCl that could interfere with the function of the carrier protein. To test this idea the sucrose-elicited currents were measured in saline containing lower concentrations of these ions. Sodium, but not chloride, ions modified the sugar transport activities of the carriers and these effects were different for each carrier, inhibiting AtSUC1 and PmSUC1, but stimulating PmSUC2. The properties of each carrier are discussed in relation to their expression in oocytes and what is known about their pattern of expression in planta.

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