scholarly journals Population-based estimates of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) prevalence and characteristics: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana L. Hirschtick ◽  
Andrea R. Titus ◽  
Elizabeth Slocum ◽  
Laura E. Power ◽  
Robert E. Hirschtick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Initial Symptoms

AbstractImportanceEmerging evidence suggests many people have persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19 illness.ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and correlates of persistent COVID-19 symptoms 30 and 60 days post onset using a population-based sample.Design & SettingThe Michigan COVID-19 Recovery Surveillance Study is a population-based cross-sectional survey of a probability sample of adults with confirmed COVID-19 in the Michigan Disease Surveillance System (MDSS). Respondents completed a survey online or via telephone in English, Spanish, or Arabic between June - December 2020.ParticipantsLiving non-institutionalized adults (aged 18+) in MDSS with COVID-19 onset through mid-April 2020 were eligible for selection (n=28,000). Among 2,000 adults selected, 629 completed the survey. We excluded 79 cases during data collection due to ineligibility, 6 asymptomatic cases, 7 proxy reports, and 24 cases missing outcome data, resulting in a sample size of 593. The sample was predominantly female (56.1%), aged 45 and older (68.2%), and Non-Hispanic White (46.3%) or Black (34.8%).ExposuresDemographic (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and annual household income) and clinical factors (smoking status, body mass index, diagnosed comorbidities, and illness severity).Main outcomes and MeasuresWe defined post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) as persistent symptoms 30+ days (30-day COVID-19) or 60+ days (60-day COVID-19) post COVID-19 onset.Results30- and 60-day COVID-19 were highly prevalent (52.5% and 35.0%), even among respondents reporting mild symptoms (29.2% and 24.5%) and non-hospitalized respondents (43.7% and 26.9%, respectively). Low income was statistically significantly associated with 30-day COVID-19 in adjusted models. Respondents reporting very severe (vs. mild) symptoms had 2.25 times higher prevalence of 30-day COVID-19 (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio [aPR] 2.25, 95% CI 1.46-3.46) and 1.71 times higher prevalence of 60-day COVID-19 (aPR 1.71, 95% 1.02-2.88). Hospitalized (vs. non-hospitalized) respondents had about 40% higher prevalence of both 30-day (aPR 1.37, 95% CI 1.12-1.69) and 60-day COVID-19 (aPR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02-1.93).Conclusions and RelevancePASC is highly prevalent among cases with severe initial symptoms, and, to a lesser extent, cases with mild and moderate symptoms.

scholarly journals Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidsel Graff-Iversen ◽  
Stephen Hewitt ◽  
Lisa Forsén ◽  
Liv Grøtvedt ◽  
Inger Ariansen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Never Smokers

Abstract Background Studies indicate an effect of smoking toward abdominal obesity, but few assess hip and waist circumferences (HC and WC) independently. The present study aimed to assess the associations of smoking status and volume smoked with HC and WC and their ratio in a population with low prevalence of obesity together with high prevalence of smoking. Methods We used cross-sectional survey data from 11 of a total 19 Norwegian counties examined in 1997–99 including 65,875 men and women aged 39–44 years. Analysis of associations were adjusted for confounding by socioeconomic position, health indicators, and additionally for BMI. Results Compared with never-smokers, when adjusting for confounders and in addition for BMI, mean HC remained lower while mean WC and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) were higher in current smokers. The finding of a lower HC and higher WHR level among smokers was consistent by sex and in strata by levels of education and physical activity, while the finding of higher WC by smoking was less consistent. Among current smokers, BMI-adjusted mean HC decreased whereas WC and WHR increased by volume smoked. Compared with current smokers, former smokers had higher BMI-adjusted HC, lower WHR and among women WC was lower. Conclusions The main finding in this study was the consistent negative associations of smoking with HC. In line with the hypothesis that lower percentage gluteofemoral fat is linked with higher cardiovascular risk, our results suggest that smoking impacts cardiovascular risk through mechanisms that reduce the capacity of fat storage in the lower body region.

scholarly journals Improving access to healthcare for women in Tanzania by addressing socioeconomic determinants and health insurance: a population-based cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e023013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratius Bintabara ◽  
Keiko Nakamura ◽  
Kaoruko Seino
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Income Country

ObjectiveThis study was performed to explore the factors associated with accumulation of multiple problems in accessing healthcare among women in Tanzania as an example of a low-income country.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingNationwide representative data for women of reproductive age obtained from the 2015–2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey were analysed.Primary outcome measuresA composite variable, ‘problems in accessing healthcare’, with five (1-5) categories was created based on the number of problems reported: obtaining permission to go to the doctor, obtaining money to pay for advice or treatment, distance to a health facility and not wanting to go alone. Respondents who reported fewer or more problems placed in lower and higher categories, respectively.ResultsA total of 13 266 women aged 15–49 years, with a median age (IQR) of 27 (20–36) years were interviewed and included in the analysis. About two-thirds (65.53%) of the respondents reported at least one of the four major problems in accessing healthcare. Furthermore, after controlling for other variables included in the final model, women without any type of health insurance, those belonging to the poorest class according to the wealth index, those who had not attended any type of formal education, those who were not employed for cash, each year of increasing age and those who were divorced, separated or widowed were associated with greater problems in accessing healthcare.ConclusionThis study indicated the additive effects of barriers to healthcare in low-income countries such as Tanzania. Based on these results, improving uptake of health insurance and addressing social determinants of health are the first steps towards reducing women’s problems associated with accessing healthcare.

The Patterns and Social Determinants of Breastfeeding in 12 Selected Regions in China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-447
Author(s):  
Zhe Fang ◽  
Yuning Liu ◽  
Hanyu Wang ◽  
Kun Tang
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Breastfeeding Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Determinants Of Breastfeeding

Background With rapid industrialization and urbanization, there is a growing need for women to enter the workforce, and affluent people are drawn to the infant formula market. The breastfeeding rates in China are below the optimal level. Large scale quantitative research studying breastfeeding practices after 2015 in China are lacking. Research aim We aimed to (1) explore the latest patterns and (2) identify the determinants of breastfeeding in China. Methods The study was a population-based, cross-sectional survey. A multi-stage sampling technique was adopted for the selection of participants. We recruited 10,408 mothers with children under 12 months old, in 12 regions of China, and conducted a questionnaire survey about breastfeeding patterns. The associations between social and biophysical determinants and breastfeeding outcomes were analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results The exclusive breastfeeding rate was 29.32% ( n = 3,052) decreasing from 32.71% ( n = 3,404) to 15.83% ( n = 1,648) among children aged 0–5 months. Cesarean section had a negative association with early breastfeeding initiation ( OR = .33, 95% CI [.30, .36]), exclusive breastfeeding ( OR = .78, 95% CI [.69, .89]), and predominant breastfeeding ( OR = .73, 95% CI [.65, .83]). Compared to participants with an annual household income lower than 40,000 Yuan ($5,817 USD), those with over 100,000 Yuan ($14,542 USD) had an OR of .78 (95% CI [.67, .90]) in exclusive breastfeeding. Compared with illiterate and unemployed groups, middle/high school education and a current work status, respectively, were associated with a lower likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding ( OR = .73, 95% CI [.63, .84]; OR = .58, 95% CI [.37, .89]). Conclusions The prevalence of breastfeeding in 12 selected regions in China was low and interventions focusing on the targeted population should be strengthened.

scholarly journals Social Risk Factors for Medication Nonadherence: Findings from the CARDIA Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela R. Oates ◽  
Lucia D. Juarez ◽  
Barbara Hansen ◽  
Catarina I. Kiefe ◽  
James M. Shikany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Social Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: Nonadherence to medications has been documented, but the combined effect of social risk factors on medication nonadherence has not been investigated. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based prospective cohort. The sample (N = 1506) included subjects who at Year 20 (2005-06) were taking prescription medications and completed a 4-item Medication Adherence Scale. Social risk factors were education of high school or less, annual household income <$25,000, high financial strain, high chronic stress, low social support, and high social strain. Results: In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, income <$25,000 (OR = 2.37 [95% CI 1.12-4.98], p < .05) and high chronic stress (OR = 2.07 [95% CI 1.09-3.94], p < .05) were significantly associated with medication nonadherence. Individuals with ≥3 social risk factors had >3 times higher odds of nonadherence than counterparts with no social risk factors (OR = 3.26 [95% CI 1.72–6.19], p < .001). Conclusion: Low income and chronic stress are associated with medication nonadherence, and the odds of nonadherence increase with the accumulation of social risk factors. Findings may be used to develop risk prediction tools to identify individuals who can benefit from adherence-promoting interventions.

scholarly journals Factors associated with being an older rather than younger unpaid carer of adults with a chronic health condition: Results from a population-based cross-sectional survey in South Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110540
Author(s):  
Sungwon Chang ◽  
Tim Luckett ◽  
Jane Phillips ◽  
Meera Agar ◽  
Lawrence Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Neurological Condition

Objective To examine sociodemographic characteristics and caring experiences associated with being an older rather than younger carer of an adult with a chronic health condition. Methods The population-based cross-sectional South Australian Health Omnibus survey was administered in 2016. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify sociodemographic characteristics and caring experiences associated with being an older (≥65 years) versus younger (<65 years) carer of one or more adult(s) with a chronic health condition. Results Of 988 survey respondents who self-identified as carers, 198(20%) were 65 years or over. Characteristics associated with being an older carer included having a partner, having poor physical health, being born outside Australia, have no formal qualification, living in a household of 1–2 people, have an annual household income ≤$60,000, and owning one's home. Carer experiences associated with older carer status included providing ≥40 h of care per week, perceived control over caring, and caring for someone with a neurological condition, whereas caring for someone with a mental illness, reporting poor mental health of their own, and providing personal care were inversely associated. Discussion Interventions directed at older carers should consider the increased likelihood that they may be investing large amounts of time in caring for someone with a neurological condition, and be culturally and linguistically diverse.

scholarly journals Association between Chronic Pain and Diabetes/Prediabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Khaled K. Aldossari ◽  
Mamdouh M. Shubair ◽  
Jamaan Al-Zahrani ◽  
Abdulrahman A. Alduraywish ◽  
Khalid AlAhmary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Limb Pain

Background. Diabetes is a debilitating chronic health condition that is associated with certain pain syndromes. The present study sought to evaluate chronic pain and its association with diabetes mellitus at a population level. Methods. A population-based cross-sectional questionnaire survey study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, from January 2016 to June 2016. Participants from both private and governmental institutions were selected following a multistage sampling technique and using a cluster sampling method. Anthropometric measurements were taken, including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. A blood sample was also drawn from each respondent for fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and fasting lipid profile. A P value of less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results. A total of 1003 subjects were included for final analysis. Compared to prediabetic and nondiabetic individuals, diabetic subjects had a higher prevalence of lower limb pain (11.1%), back pain (8.9%), abdominal pain (6.7%), and neck pain (4.4%) (X2 = 27.792, P=0.015). In a multiple logistic regression model, after adjusting for age, gender, education level, cholesterol, and smoking status, diabetic/prediabetic patients had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic pain ((OR) = 1.931 (95% CI = 1.536–2.362), P=0.037). Increased age was also significantly associated with chronic pain ((OR) = 1.032 (95% CI = 1.010–1.054, P=0.004). Conclusion. Results of this study found a significant association between diabetes and prediabetes and chronic pain symptoms. Prospective studies are needed to explore temporality of such association.

scholarly journals Association between Childhood Suicidal Ideation and Geriatric Depression in Japan: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2257
Author(s):  
Ayako Morita ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are assumed to increase the risk of depression in late life via development of poor mental health conditions; however, the association between mental distress in childhood and geriatric depression has not been directly examined. This study examined the association between childhood suicidal ideation and geriatric depression, using population-based, cross-sectional survey data from 1140 community-dwelling, functionally independent older adults in Wakuya City, Japan. We assessed childhood suicidal ideation by asking the participants whether they had seriously considered attempting suicide before the age of 18, together with geriatric depression, using the Japanese version of the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Poisson regression was applied to adjust for potential confounders and mediators. In total, 6.1% of the participants reported childhood suicidal ideation. After adjustment for sex, age, personality attributes and ACEs, childhood suicidal ideation was positively associated with geriatric depression prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 1.04–1.88). The increased PR of geriatric depression remained significant, even after further adjustment for adulthood socio-economic status, recent life stressors and current health status (PR: 1.38, 95%CI: 1.02–1.88). Further prospective studies are warranted, but efforts to deliver mental health services to children with suicidal ideation potentially diminish the highly prevalent geriatric depression.

scholarly journals Low fruit consumption and omission of daily meals as risk factors for increased blood pressure in adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Barbosa Domingos ◽  
Avany Fernandes Pereira ◽  
Edna Massae Yokoo ◽  
Rosana Salles-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Inverse Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

AbstractA population-based cross-sectional survey with cluster sampling design and with inverse sampling was conducted in 2010, in a sample of 1590 adults (19–60 years old) exposed to a high prevalence of food insecurity, in the municipality of Duque de Caxias, metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of socio-demographic factors, the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the number of meals with increased blood pressure (BP). A hierarchical model that considered variables related to the basic, intermediate and immediate determinants of increased BP was adopted. By using Poisson’s regression, univariate models were tested to obtain the prevalence ratio (PR) and its respective 95 % CI. After fitting the model, age (age group 50–59 years) (PR 1·62; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·41), low consumption of fruits in a week (PR 1·37; 95 % CI 1·07, 1·74), fewer meals per day (PR 1·72; 95 % CI 1·21, 2·43) and overweight (PR 1·78; 95 % CI 1·31, 2·20) remained significantly associated with increased BP. Therefore, the results found here reinforce the importance of encouraging and developing strategies that ensure access to healthy foods to minimise increased BP in similar populations.

scholarly journals Delivery and postpartum care in Rio Branco in the northern state of Acre, Brazil: a population based survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Andréa Ramos da Silva Bessa ◽  
Leila Maria Geromel Dotto ◽  
Margarida De Aquino Cunha ◽  
Pascoal Torres Muniz ◽  
Suelen De Oliveira Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Pregnancy can be associated with health risks for both the mother and infant, and specialised care during the pregnancy, delivery and puerperium periods can help reduce complications for the mother-infant binomial. Objective: To assess the demographic, social and reproductive aspects of delivery and the postpartum period in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted via an interview with 552 mothers with children aged 0 to 5 years between 2007 and 2008. Cluster sampling of the population was performed in two stages (census sectors and domiciles). Results: The majority of the 552 mothers were multiparous (79.6%). Around 70% of pregnancies occurred in teenage mothers. The proportion of caesarean section deliveries was 38.4% in mothers from urban zones and 28.5% in those from rural areas, and was higher in mothers who attended private clinics, who self-reported as being Caucasian, and who had a higher educational level. With regard to puerperal complications, mothers who underwent caesarean section had a higher prevalence of hypertension (71.1%) with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 3.90 (95% CI [2.00, 7.61]). Conclusions: The results revealed a high rate of teenage pregnancy, and arterial hypertension was the leading complication during the postpartum period experienced by women who had undergone caesarean section. These findings merit further attention, and should be used to improve the care provided to Rio Branco.  

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