scholarly journals Alpha-1 blockers and susceptibility to COVID-19 in benign prostate hyperplasia patients : an international cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Nishimura ◽  
Junqing Xie ◽  
Kristin Kostka ◽  
Talita Duarte-Salles ◽  
Sergio Fernández Bertolín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Benign Prostate

AbstractAlpha-1 blockers, often used to treat benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), have been hypothesized to prevent COVID-19 complications by minimising cytokine storms release. We conducted a prevalent-user active-comparator cohort study to assess association between alpha-1 blocker use and risks of three COVID-19 outcomes: diagnosis, hospitalization, and hospitalization requiring intensive services. Our study included 2.6 and 0.46 million users of alpha-1 blockers and of alternative BPH therapy during the period between November 2019 and January 2020, found in electronic health records from Spain (SIDIAP) and the United States (Department of Veterans Affairs, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, IQVIA OpenClaims, Optum DOD, Optum EHR). We estimated hazard ratios using state-of-the-art techniques to minimize potential confounding, including large-scale propensity score matching/stratification and negative control calibration. We found no differential risk for any of COVID-19 outcome, pointing to the need for further research on potential COVID-19 therapies.

scholarly journals Renin-angiotensin system blockers and susceptibility to COVID-19: a multinational open science cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Morales ◽  
Mitchell M. Conover ◽  
Seng Chan You ◽  
Nicole Pratt ◽  
Kristin Kostka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIntroductionAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) could influence infection risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Observational studies to date lack pre-specification, transparency, rigorous ascertainment adjustment and international generalizability, with contradictory results.MethodsUsing electronic health records from Spain (SIDIAP) and the United States (Columbia University Irving Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs), we conducted a systematic cohort study with prevalent ACE, ARB, calcium channel blocker (CCB) and thiazide diuretic (THZ) users to determine relative risk of COVID-19 diagnosis and related hospitalization outcomes. The study addressed confounding through large-scale propensity score adjustment and negative control experiments.ResultsFollowing over 1.1 million antihypertensive users identified between November 2019 and January 2020, we observed no significant difference in relative COVID-19 diagnosis risk comparing ACE/ARB vs CCB/THZ monotherapy (hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% CI 0.84 - 1.14), nor any difference for mono/combination use (1.01; 0.90 - 1.15). ACE alone and ARB alone similarly showed no relative risk difference when compared to CCB/THZ monotherapy or mono/combination use. Directly comparing ACE vs. ARB demonstrated a moderately lower risk with ACE, non-significant for monotherapy (0.85; 0.69 - 1.05) and marginally significant for mono/combination users (0.88; 0.79 - 0.99). We observed, however, no significant difference between drug-classes for COVID-19 hospitalization or pneumonia risk across all comparisons.ConclusionThere is no clinically significant increased risk of COVID-19 diagnosis or hospitalization with ACE or ARB use. Users should not discontinue or change their treatment to avoid COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Panel of 12 Cell-Free MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Prostate Neoplasms

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yu. Konoshenko ◽  
Evgeniy A. Lekchnov ◽  
Olga E. Bryzgunova ◽  
Ivan A. Zaporozhchenko ◽  
Sergey V. Yarmoschuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Scale Validation ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Prostate Neoplasms ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Benign Prostate

Prostate cancer is a global biological, medical, and social issue aggravated by the lack of reliable, highly specific, and sensitive non-invasive tests for diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. One prospective source of biomarkers are the cell-free miRNAs present in various biological fluids. In the present study, we validated the diagnostic potential of cell-free miRNAs: miR-19b, miR-22, miR-92a, miR-378, miR-425, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-125b, miR-200b, miR-205, miR-375, and miR-660; we estimated the required sample size and the minimal miRNA set for a subsequent large-scale validation study. Relative expression of 12 miRNA combined in 31 ratios was investigated in three fractions of biological fluids (urine extracellular vesicles, clarified urine, and plasma) obtained from patients with prostate cancer (n = 10), benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 8), and healthy volunteers (n = 11). Eight of the miRNAs found in urine vesicles (miR-19b, miR-30e, miR-31, miR-92a, miR-125, miR-200, miR-205, and miR-660) showed great promise and when combined into six ratios (miR-125b/miR-30e, miR-200/miR-30e, miR-205/miR-30e, miR-31/miR-30e, miR-660/miR-30e, and miR-19b/miR-92a) could classify patients with prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia, and healthy donors with 100% specificity, 100% sensitivity, and with a high degree of reliability for most donors.

scholarly journals Prunus africanus Herbal Extracts Reverse and Ameliorate the Histological and Histomorphometric Changes in Testosterone-induced Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Rat Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1184-1194
Author(s):  
Felix P. William ◽  
Denis A. Russa
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Benign Prostate

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common benign proliferative disease among men during aging. The herbal extract of P. africanus has been used for the treatment of BPH since time immemorial. However microstructural changes of this extract to the prostate of animal or human models are still elusive. Therefore, histological and histomorphometric changes in rats with testosterone-induced BPH due to P. africanus herbal extracts were investigated. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats (200 ± 50 g) were divided into four groups each with 7 rats. Group 1 (Negative control) was given 2 ml/day of olive oil subcutaneously and 2 ml/day of normal saline intragastrically for 28 days. Three groups were induced with BPH by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate 3 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 days. Thereafter Group 2 (BPH) was sacrificed, while Group 3 (Positive control) and Group 4 (Treatment group) were administered with finasteride 5 mg/kg/day and P. africanus extract 400 mg/kg/day intragastrically for 28 days, respectively. BPH group revealed thickening and hyperplasia of tubular epithelium with involutions with the stroma showing large spaces and dilated blood vessels. These features were restored with P. africanus extract administration. High epithelial height, large stromal area and lower luminal area observed in the BPH were greatly reversed with P. africanus extract comparable to negative controls. Generally, P. africanus extract restored and ameliorated histological and histomorphometrical changes of the BPH-induced rat’s prostates. Keywords: Benign prostate hyperplasia; Prunus africanus; finasteride; testosterone

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