scholarly journals Differing ecological responses of seabirds to invasive species eradication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Bird ◽  
Richard A Fuller ◽  
Justine D Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Nutrient Transfer ◽  
Breeding Phenology ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Macquarie Island ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
The Impact

The impact of invasive species at seabird breeding islands causes a breakdown of important ecological functions such as prey consumption and nutrient transfer, and elevates extinction risk in impacted taxa. Eradicating invasive species from islands can result in substantial short-term recovery of seabird populations and consequently the prevalence of eradication programs as conservation tools is increasing. However, as the scale and complexity of eradications has increased, quantitative data on rates of recovery, especially from larger islands, remain limited. Furthermore, the mechanisms that govern recovery are poorly understood, limiting our ability to forecast outcomes and therefore prioritise effectively. Here, using the world's largest multi-species vertebrate eradication from Macquarie Island as a case study, we show how responses to invasive species and their eradication differ. Species with broad realised niches whose breeding phenology minimizes time on land and corresponds with summer resource abundance remained extant alongside invasive species while more habitat-specific species present in winter were extirpated. Following eradication, immigration and flexibility to colonise under-utilised optimal habitat appears to be boosting population growth in recolonising species, whereas established populations appear to be tethered to refugial habitats by the influence of philopatry, and their recovery is slower as a result. Unpicking these differential responses and the mechanisms behind them provides valuable information to help predict responses in other systems as future eradications are planned.

The impact of Airbnb on a non-touristic city. A Case study of short-term rentals in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain)

Erdkunde ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Marcus Hübscher ◽  
Juana Schulze ◽  
Felix zur Lage ◽  
Johannes Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

Short-term rentals such as Airbnb have become a persistent element of today’s urbanism around the globe. The impacts are manifold and differ depending on the context. In cities with a traditionally smaller accommodation market, the impacts might be particularly strong, as Airbnb contributes to ongoing touristification processes. Despite that, small and medium-sized cities have not been in the centre of research so far. This paper focuses on Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a medium-sized Spanish city. Although embedded in the touristic region of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz is not a tourist city per se but still relies on touristification strategies. This paper aims to expand the knowledge of Airbnb’s spatial patterns in this type of city. The use of data collected from web scraping and geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrates that Airbnb has opened up new tourism markets outside of the centrally established tourist accommodations. It also shows that the price gap between Airbnb and the housing rental market is broadest in neighbourhoods that had not experienced tourism before Airbnb entered the market. In the centre the highest prices and the smallest units are identified, but two peripheral quarters stand out. Anaga Mountains, a natural and rural space, has the highest numbers of Airbnb listings per capita. Suroeste, a suburban quarter, shows the highest growth rates on the rental market, which implies a linkage between Airbnb and suburbanization processes.

scholarly journals An Input–Output Ex Ante Regional Model to Assess the Short-Term Net Effects of the 16 April 2016 Earthquake in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Salgado ◽  
José Ramírez-Álvarez ◽  
Diego Mancheno
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazard ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consumption Demand ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe 16 April 2016 earthquake in Ecuador exposed the significant weaknesses concerning the methodological designs to compute—from an economic standpoint—the consequences of a natural hazard-related disaster for productive exchanges and the accumulation of capital in Ecuador. This study addressed one of these challenges with an innovative ex ante model to measure the partial and net short-term effects of a natural hazard-related catastrophe from an interregional perspective, with the 16 April 2016 earthquake serving as a case study. In general, the specified and estimated model follows the approach of the extended Miyazawa model, which endogenizes consumption demand in a standard input–output model with the subnational interrelations and resulting multipliers. Due to the country’s limitations in its regional account records the input–output matrices for each province of Ecuador had to be estimated, which then allowed transactions carried out between any two sectors within or outside a given province to be identified by means of the RAS method. The estimations provide evidence that the net short-term impact on the national accounts was not significant, and under some of the simulated scenarios, based on the official information with respect to earthquake management, the impact may even have had a positive effect on the growth of the national product during 2016.

scholarly journals The importance of eco-driving training for drivers in transport companies – A case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Tatjana Savković ◽  
Pavle Gladović ◽  
Milica Miličić ◽  
Pavle Pitka ◽  
Dejan Koleška
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Management System ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Fleet Management ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

The paper evaluates the impact of eco-driving programs on driving behavior. The study involved 4 professional truck drivers, which examined two operational driving prameters: fuel consumption and idling. Driving behavior was analyzed through three periods: pre-training period (P1), training period (P2), first month after training (P3) and second month after training (P4). Data were collected using Scania Fleet Management System. The results show that there was an improvement in the observed parameters in short-term. Namely, a decrease in fuel consumption and idling was achieved, in the periods P2, P3 and P4 in relation to the period P1. Due to the realized reductions of the observed parameters, costs in transport companies can be significantly reduced annually.

scholarly journals ‘Felt security’ as a means of facilitating imagery rescripting in psychosis: a clinical protocol and illustrative case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Newman-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
List Type ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Imagery Rescripting ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
The Impact

Abstract People with psychosis do not have routine access to trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) interventions such as imagery rescripting (IR), partly due to clinical caution. This case study describes the use of a simple imagery task designed to engender ‘felt security’, as a means of facilitating IR with a woman struggling with distressing memory intrusions, linked to her voices and paranoia. We assessed the impact of the felt security task, which was used before IR to enable Kip to engage in reprocessing of her trauma memories, and again after IR so that she would leave sessions feeling safe. The brief imagery task was effective in improving felt security before IR sessions. Felt security then reduced during IR, when distressing material was recalled and reprocessed, and increased again when the task was repeated. It is not yet clear whether trauma-focused interventions such as IR need to be routinely adapted for people with psychosis. In the event that individuals express concerns about IR, if the person’s formulation indicates that high levels of arousal may trigger an exacerbation of voices, paranoia or risk, or where clinicians are otherwise concerned about interventions likely to increase emotional arousal in the short term, the felt security task may facilitate safe and effective reprocessing of trauma memories. This in turn may increase access to trauma-focused CBT for people with psychosis. Key learning aims (1) To understand that people with psychosis need access to trauma-focused CBT. (2) To be familiar with a simple attachment-based imagery task designed to foster ‘felt security’. (3) To learn that this task may facilitate imagery rescripting in people with psychosis.

scholarly journals Estimating the Impact of Medical Innovation: A Case Study of HIV Antiretroviral Treatments

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G Duggan ◽  
William N Evans
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fda Approval ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Average Health

As health care consumes a growing share of GDP, the demand for better evidence regarding the effects of health care treatments and how these vary across individuals is increasing. Estimating this with observational data is difficult given the endogeneity of treatment decisions. But because the random assignment clinical trials (RACTs) used in the FDA approval process only estimate average health effects and do not consider spending, there is no good alternative. In this study we use administrative data from California's Medicaid program to estimate the impact of HIV antiretroviral treatments (ARVs). We use data on health care utilization to proxy for health status and exploit the rapid takeup of ARVs following their FDA approval. Our estimate of a 68 percent average mortality rate reduction is in line with the results from RACTs. We also find that the ARVs lowered short-term health care spending by reducing expenditures on other categories of medical care. Combining these two effects we estimate the cost per life year saved at $19,000. Our results suggest an alternative method for estimating the real-world effects of new treatments that is especially well-suited to those treatments that diffuse rapidly following their approval.

scholarly journals Predicting Dynamic Patterns of Short-Term Movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S26-S34
Author(s):  
Sveta Milusheva
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modeling ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Population Movement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Important Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Short-term human mobility has important health consequences, but measuring short-term movement using survey data is difficult and costly, and use of mobile phone data to study short-term movement is only possible in locations that can access the data. Combining several accessible data sources, Senegal is used as a case study to predict short-term movement within the country. The focus is on two main drivers of movement—economic and social—which explain almost 70 percent of the variation in short-term movement. Comparing real and predicted short-term movement to measure the impact of population movement on the spread of malaria in Senegal, the predictions generated by the model provide estimates for the effect that are not significantly different from the estimates using the real data. Given that the data used in this paper are often accessible in other country settings, this paper demonstrates how predictive modeling can be used by policy makers to estimate short-term mobility.

CASE STUDY: The determinants of remittances to India

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Macroeconomic Determinants ◽  
Indian Stock Market ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyses the macroeconomic determinants of remittances to India and assesses the impact of the current global slowdown on these flows. The paper shows that remittances exhibit a strong trend, whereby they have increased at a robust rate of 10 per cent a year since 1992. The movement of remittances is limited around the trend and traditionally has not been affected by the domestic or external macroeconomic variables. This pattern has changed since 2000, when the remittances have responded positively to the domestic interest rates and the Indian stock market; and negatively to the external interest rates. Looking ahead, a slowdown in the economic growth rate in advanced economies is unlikely to reduce the flow of remittances to India in the short term; but a prolonged slowdown, if it significantly reverses the migration of Indians, can reduce the trend growth rate. 

scholarly journals The 'Landcare' approach to soil conservation in the Philippines: an assessment of farm-level impacts

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Cramb ◽  
D. Catacutan ◽  
Z. Culasero-Arellano ◽  
K. Mariano
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Conservation Farming ◽  
The Impact

‘Landcare’ is a group-based approach to the promotion of conservation farming. A case study of the Landcare program in Lantapan in the southern Philippines is presented to assess the farm-level impacts of this approach. The program was successful in promoting the formation of Landcare groups and a municipal Landcare association, resulting in rapid and widespread adoption of conservation practices, particularly among maize farmers. This in turn significantly reduced soil erosion, though the impact on crop yield and income was somewhat delayed. Adoption was thus not motivated primarily by short-term returns but by a concern to reduce soil erosion and provide a basis for diversification into agroforestry.

scholarly journals Impact of Privatisation on Employment and Output in Pakistan

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (4II) ◽  
pp. 513-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iram A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The paper aims to assess the impact of privatisation on employment and output in Pakistan. It uses edible oil and cement sectors as a case study in a pre- and post-privatisation comparative framework. Assessing the impact of privatisation in Pakistan is important at this juncture for two reasons. Firstly, the country is facing a severe economic crisis and privatisation forms an integral part of an array of reform measures recommended by multi-lateral donors as well as policy-makers within and without the country. Burki [(2000), p. 152] observes, “The economy and state of Pakistan are in crisis…. Pakistan has not faced a crisis of this magnitude in its entire 50-year history”. He refers to the five different crises that have combined to create this situation. These are: the global financial crisis, Pakistan’s short-term liquidity problem, economy’s structural weaknesses, severe social backwardness, and, finally, the crisis of governance. Burki (2000) suggests several solutions to the problems, and privatisation is one of the ways to restructure the economy and improve the quality of governance.

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