Eating Disorders Spectrum during COVID Pandemic: a systematic review

Background: Several data suggest that COVID-19 pandemic might exacerbate or trigger Eating Disorders (EDs). The aim of this paper was to summarize present literature on COVID pandemic and EDs. Methods: Literature search, study selection, methods, and quality evaluation were performed following PRISMA Guidelines. Results: The systematic search permitted the identification of 91 studies; 21 papers were eligible and included in the review. Nine papers (42.9%) evaluated the effect of pandemic and associated protective and risk factors in EDs patients, ten (47.6%) explored the prevalence of disturbed eating behaviours and risk factors for exacerbating EDs in the general population, and the remaining two (9.5%) were qualitative studies describing the impact of lockdown and quarantine on EDs patients. Their analysis revealed five main findings: 1) changes in physical activities routines were related to a worsening of preoccupation on weight/body shape; 2) food access limitation during pandemic represented a risk factors for both triggering and exacerbating EDs; 3) restriction in healthcare facilities contributed to increase anxiety levels and modifies treatment compliance; 4) social isolation was related to symptoms' exacerbation in EDs patients who are home-confined with family members; 5) conflicts and difficulties in relationships with 'no way out' were maintenance factors for EDs symptoms, especially in adolescents and young adults. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on EDs that might be triggered or worsened by the exceptional conditions deriving from COVID-19-related stress in predisposed subjects. Patients already affected by EDs experienced a worsening of their clinical conditions and related quality of life.

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Eating Disorders Spectrum During the COVID Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.663376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Mario Miniati ◽

Francesca Marzetti ◽

Laura Palagini ◽

Donatella Marazziti ◽

Graziella Orrù ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Study Selection ◽

Related Quality ◽

Related Stress ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Clinical Conditions

Background: Several data suggest that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may exacerbate or trigger eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this paper was to summarize current literature studies on COVID pandemic and EDs.Methods: Literature search, study selection, methods, and quality evaluation were performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results: A systematic search allowed the initial selection of 172 papers; 21 (12.2%) papers were eligible and included in the review. In selected studies, a total number of 29,108 subjects were enrolled (range: 10–11,391; mean/SD: 1,386 ± 2,800), 6,216 were men (21.4%), 22,703 were women (77.9%), and 189 (0.7%) were gender fluid or not declared. The mean age/SD of subjects was 30.2 ± 7.7. About 12 studies (57.1%) were online surveys, 4 (19.0%) were retrospective studies, 2 (9.5%) were qualitative studies, 2 (9.5%) were longitudinal cohort studies, and 1 was a social media survey (4.8%). Their analysis revealed five main findings: (1) changes in the routines of physical activities were related to the worsening of preoccupation on weight/body shape; (2) food access limitation during pandemic represented the risk factors for both triggering and exacerbating EDs; (3) restriction in healthcare facilities contributed to increase anxiety levels and to modify treatment compliance; (4) social isolation was related to the exacerbation of symptoms in patients with EDs who are home-confined with family members; and (5) conflicts and difficulties in relationships with “no way out” were the maintenance factors for ED symptoms, especially in adolescents and young adults.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on EDs that might be triggered by the exceptional conditions derived from COVID-19-related stress in predisposed subjects. Patients who were already affected by EDs experienced the worsening of their clinical conditions and related quality of life (QoL).

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The Impact of COVID-19 on Eating Disorder Risks and Symptoms in the General Population: A Systematic Review

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2021/v33i2031125 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 229-241

Author(s):

Alexsandra Urhi ◽

Oluwafemi Akinbode ◽

Hafiz Olatunde ◽

Iyanu V. Olateju ◽

Feyikemi Fasina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

The Impact ◽

Exacerbation Of Symptoms

Aims: This study aims to identify the risk factors of eating disorders, evaluate the impact of the pandemic on those with or without pre-existing eating disorders and compare the impact of COVID-19 on the various eating disorders. Methodology: We searched Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed) and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases from January 2019 to May 2021, 11 observational studies were selected out of 81 initially identified articles. The sample size ranged from 15 to 22,374 participants, with a total of 31,404 participants. Results: Individuals, especially females aged 18-25 years and 30-45 years were shown to be more susceptible to eating disorder risks and symptoms. Depression and anxiety were shown to be the most prevalent risk factors among all subjects. Exacerbation of symptoms was observed in subjects with the eating disorders except for the anorexia nervosa subgroup which showed minimal changes. Conclusion: This study established the fact that COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the eating habits of people with or without pre-existing eating disorders (ED). This study also highlights the need for efforts to specifically identify evidence-based measures to support patients with ED during and after a pandemic.

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Low carbohydrate diets in eating disorders and type 1 diabetes

Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/1359104520980778 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 135910452098077

Author(s):

Melissa Hart ◽

Kirrilly Pursey ◽

Carmel Smart

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Dietary Restriction ◽

Eating Behaviours ◽

Optimal Outcomes ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

The Impact

Dietary intake requires attention in the treatment of both eating disorders and type 1 diabetes (T1D) to achieve optimal outcomes. Nutritional management of both conditions involves encouraging a wide variety of healthful foods in the context of usual cultural and family traditions. In recent times, low carbohydrate diets have seen a rise in popularity, both in T1D and in the general population. Low carbohydrate diets involve dietary restriction, although the extent depends on the level of carbohydrate prescription. Although dietary restriction is a known risk factor for eating disorders, there is limited literature on the impact of following a low carbohydrate diet on the development and maintenance of eating disorders in T1D. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary restriction on the development and treatment of eating disorders and propose considerations to enable optimum health outcomes in individuals with T1D, an at risk group. In order to achieve this, clarity regarding strategies that allow both flexibility in dietary intake and facilitate healthy eating behaviours, whilst achieving glycaemic targets, are required.

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The Social and Health Impact of Accidents at Work: The Analysis of the Italian Case

10.5772/intechopen.101501 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Di Romano Benini

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Health Impact ◽

Work Culture ◽

Organizational Models ◽

Work Related ◽

Italian Case ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Related Stress

The months of a gradual exit from the pandemic show some significant data and phenomena regarding the phenomenon of accidents at work and occupational diseases. The Italian figure highlights a recovery in injuries and illnesses, but also in the impact of new risk factors deriving from the digitalization of work, which grew with smart working during the pandemic. At the same time, the new organizational models highlight the increased risk of work-related stress diseases. The Italian situation makes clear the need to intervene on the issue of organizational well-being and welfare, to limit the negative impact of risk factors associated with this economic system on society and the health system through a new work culture.

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The impact of risk factors on the financial performance of the commercial banking sector in Barbados

Journal of Governance and Regulation ◽

10.22495/jgr_v7_i1_p6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 76-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anthony Wood ◽

Shanise McConney

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Credit Risk ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Interest Rate Risk ◽

Commercial Banking ◽

Country Risk ◽

Risk Variable ◽

The Impact

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of risk factors on the financial performance of the commercial banking sector in Barbados using quarterly data for the period 2000 to 2015. The empirical results indicate that Capital Risk, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Interest Rate Risk and Operational Risk have statistically significant impacts on financial performance. The only risk variable which does not derive this result is Country Risk. In addition, of those variables which proxy external factors, only GDP Growth has a statistically insignificant influence on financial performance. Credit risk exerted a negative impact on the banks’ financial performance, thus the banks must ensure they adopt appropriate measures to minimise the impact of this risk. Higher levels of capital impacted positively on the banking sector’s profitability. This paper is the first effort employing such an extensive dataset based on Barbados’ commercial banking sector and shows the main factors that influence commercial banks’ financial performance in this developing economy.

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The impact of the economic crisis on the mental health of Portuguese primary-school children

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.583 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

D Costa ◽

M Cunha ◽

C Ferreira ◽

A Gama ◽

A M N Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Financial Crisis ◽

Primary School ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Public Health Programs ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective To measure the impact of the economic crisis on the mental health correlates of Portuguese children attending primary school during 2016. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of primary school-aged children and their parents (n = 1157), conducted in public and private schools of three Portuguese districts. Parent reports of children mental health symptoms (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire - SDQ) and children self-reports of health-related quality of life (KIDSCREEN-27) and depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, Children version - DASS-C), were compared according to a set of yes/no questions on how the economic crisis changed the normal aspects of routine life (e.g. During the financial crisis did you had to use savings? Started buying cheaper food?). Linear regression models were fitted for the SDQ, the KIDSCREEN-27 and the DASS-C as dependent variables adjusted for children sex, socioeconomic status and district of residence. Results Affirmative answers to the crisis impact questions were associated with more frequent psychosocial functioning problems in children, with poorer self-reported health-related quality of life and with more frequent symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Conclusions Portuguese children mental health correlates show significant worse scores for those whose parents declared having to change daily routine habits as a result of the recent macroeconomic financial crisis, compared to those who did not change habits. Public Health programs should be developed to mitigate the potential negative impact of the financial crisis to the mental health of children. Key messages A negative impact on children mental health was observed as a result of the economic crisis. Public health programs designed to mitigate the impact of the economic crisis should include primary-school aged children.

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Comorbid Migraine is Associated with a Negative Impact on Quality of Life in Patients with Major Depression

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00985.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

C-I Hung ◽

C-Y Liu ◽

J-L Fuh ◽

Y-Y Juang ◽

S-J Wang

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Short Form ◽

Physical Symptom ◽

Sf 36 ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

This study investigated the impact of migraine on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We prospectively enrolled 151 consecutive psychiatric out-patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for MDD. Migraine and other headache types were diagnosed based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition (2004). The Short Form-36 (SF-36) was administered as a generic instrument of HRQoL. Among 151 patients with MDD, migraine ( N = 73, 48.3%) was very common. Comorbidity of migraine predicted a significantly negative impact on all physical subscales and vitality but not on the other mental subscales of the SF-36 after controlling for depression, age and gender. The presence of migraine should be considered as an important physical symptom in clinic-based MDD samples. Simultaneous management of depression and severe headaches, especially migraine, might improve HRQoL in patients with MDD.

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Understanding and modifying the impact of parents' substance misuse on children

Advances in Psychiatric Treatment ◽

10.1192/apt.bp.106.002386 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 79-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Richard Velleman ◽

Lorna Templeton

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Substance Misuse ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Growing Up ◽

Children And Families ◽

Drug Problem ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

The Impact

We outline the huge literature on the potentially negative impact on children of growing up with a parent who has an alcohol or drug problem, the risk factors that can exacerbate this effect, and resilience and the protective factors that can reduce it. Clear ways that practitioners can intervene to reduce risk and to increase resilience are discussed. All practitioners have a responsibility to work in holistic ways if damage to children and families is to be avoided, and we summarise the key common skills needed to work with individuals (children as well as adults) and families. The differences between a resilience and a deficit approach are outlined.

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The Impacts of Depression Treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review

Jurnal NERS ◽

10.20473/jn.v14i3.17060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Andrik Hermanto ◽

Gabriel Wanda Sinawang ◽

Mohamad Roni Alfaqih ◽

Rohmatul Faizah

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Depression Treatment ◽

Health Related Quality ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

The Impact

Introduction: Cancer diagnosis can have a profound negative impact on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of cancer patients. Cancer patients also suffer from psychological pressures including sadness, depression, hopelessness, anxiety and worry. The literature review was employed to determine the effects of depression on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cancer patients.Methods: A systematic review was conducted by searching the Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The integrative review of the 10 articles was focused on the 10 years period from 2008 to 2018. The language used was English and the search was conducted using predefined keywords.Results: All of the journals discussed the impact of depression treatment on health-related quality of life in cancer patients. Based on all of the journals, depression can be reduced by health education, physical activity and medicine therapyConclusion: Despite the treatment for depression, the patient’s HRQoL did not improve during the measurement timeframe. Quality of life is a priority health outcome in cancer treatment but the clinical approaches to ameliorate depression in cancer patients appear to be suboptimal.

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“It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an Eating Disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse.

10.31234/osf.io/tqfsz ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dawn Branley-Bell ◽

Catherine V. Talbot

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Eating Disorder ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Online Survey ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Study Data ◽

External Control ◽

Time Points ◽

The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound, negative impact on the lives and wellbeing of the population, and it can raise additional challenges for individuals with eating disorders. During early stages of the UK lockdown, individuals reported disruptions to many aspects of their lives, including reduced feelings of control and serious concerns over the impact of the pandemic on eating disorder symptoms and/or recovery. This study compares data from two time points to explore the ongoing impacts of the pandemic on this population. Method: A mixed-methods online survey was developed for the purpose of this study. Data was collected at the two key time points: First, soon after the start of the first UK lockdown (April 2020) and second, as the first lockdown restrictions began to be lifted (June 2020). The sample consisted of 58 individuals currently experiencing, or in recovery from, an eating disorder. Participants were aged between 16-65 years; 57 identified as female, and 1 male. Results: Higher perceptions of general, external control were associated with recovery between the time points. Individuals who experienced less perceived control reported a tendency to rely upon eating disorder behaviours as an auxiliary coping mechanism, i.e., diminished external control was directed inwards and replaced with controlling their own behaviour. Conclusions: Perceived control is a significant factor in eating disorder recovery. As a result of the pandemic’s negative impact upon peoples’ sense of control, individuals with eating disorders are at significant risk of detrimental impacts on their recovery and wellbeing. The results have implications for future treatments based on strengthening individuals’ perceptions of control to promote recovery.

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