scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Eating Disorder Risks and Symptoms in the General Population: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Alexsandra Urhi ◽  
Oluwafemi Akinbode ◽  
Hafiz Olatunde ◽  
Iyanu V. Olateju ◽  
Feyikemi Fasina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exacerbation Of Symptoms

Aims: This study aims to identify the risk factors of eating disorders, evaluate the impact of the pandemic on those with or without pre-existing eating disorders and compare the impact of COVID-19 on the various eating disorders. Methodology: We searched Public/Publisher MEDLINE (PubMed) and Excerpta Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases from January 2019 to May 2021, 11 observational studies were selected out of 81 initially identified articles. The sample size ranged from 15 to 22,374 participants, with a total of 31,404 participants. Results: Individuals, especially females aged 18-25 years and 30-45 years were shown to be more susceptible to eating disorder risks and symptoms.  Depression and anxiety were shown to be the most prevalent risk factors among all subjects. Exacerbation of symptoms was observed in subjects with the eating disorders except for the anorexia nervosa subgroup which showed minimal changes. Conclusion: This study established the fact that COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the eating habits of people with or without pre-existing eating disorders (ED). This study also highlights the need for efforts to specifically identify evidence-based measures to support patients with ED during and after a pandemic.

scholarly journals Longitudinal experiences and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among people with past or current eating disorders in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Birgegård ◽  
Afrouz Abbaspour ◽  
Stina Borg ◽  
David Clinton ◽  
Emma Forsén Mantilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
List Type ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptom ◽  
Disorder Symptom ◽  
Evidence Based Care ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo document the impact of the COVI-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of individuals with past and current eating disorders in Sweden.MethodWe re-contacted participants from two previous Swedish studies who had a known lifetime history of an eating disorder. Participants completed an online questionnaire about their health and functioning at baseline early in the pandemic (Wave 1; N=982) and six months later (Wave 2); N=646).ResultsThree important patterns emerged: 1) higher current eating disorder symptom levels were associated with greater anxiety, worry, and pandemic-related eating disorder symptom increase; 2) patterns were fairly stable across time, although a concerning number who reported being symptom-free at Wave 1 reported re-emergence of symptoms at Wave 2; and only a minority of participants with current eating disorders were in treatment, and of those who were in treatment, many reported fewer treatment sessions than pre-pandemic and decreased quality of care.ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic is posing serious health challenges for individuals with eating disorders, whether currently symptomatic or in remission. We encourage health service providers and patient advocates to be alert to the needs of individuals with eating disorders and to take active measures to ensure access to appropriate evidence-based care both during and following the pandemic.Significant Outcomes and LimitationsIndividuals with eating disorders symptoms or current active disorder report higher adverse impact of COVID-19 on their mental healthEven individuals who were symptom-free early in the pandemic reported a resurgence of eating disorder symptomsA large proportion of symptomatic individuals were not in treatment for their eating disorder, services should be aware and access to evidence-based care should be ensured across SwedenLimitations included the use of a convenience sample with atypical diagnostic distribution, and a low initial response rate, possibly introducing bias and limiting generalisability.Data Availability StatementFully anonymized data are available from the corresponding author upon request.

scholarly journals “It is the only constant in what feels like a completely upside down and scary world”: Living with an Eating Disorder during COVID-19 and the importance of perceived control for recovery and relapse.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Branley-Bell ◽  
Catherine V. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Study Data ◽  
External Control ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound, negative impact on the lives and wellbeing of the population, and it can raise additional challenges for individuals with eating disorders. During early stages of the UK lockdown, individuals reported disruptions to many aspects of their lives, including reduced feelings of control and serious concerns over the impact of the pandemic on eating disorder symptoms and/or recovery. This study compares data from two time points to explore the ongoing impacts of the pandemic on this population. Method: A mixed-methods online survey was developed for the purpose of this study. Data was collected at the two key time points: First, soon after the start of the first UK lockdown (April 2020) and second, as the first lockdown restrictions began to be lifted (June 2020). The sample consisted of 58 individuals currently experiencing, or in recovery from, an eating disorder. Participants were aged between 16-65 years; 57 identified as female, and 1 male. Results: Higher perceptions of general, external control were associated with recovery between the time points. Individuals who experienced less perceived control reported a tendency to rely upon eating disorder behaviours as an auxiliary coping mechanism, i.e., diminished external control was directed inwards and replaced with controlling their own behaviour. Conclusions: Perceived control is a significant factor in eating disorder recovery. As a result of the pandemic’s negative impact upon peoples’ sense of control, individuals with eating disorders are at significant risk of detrimental impacts on their recovery and wellbeing. The results have implications for future treatments based on strengthening individuals’ perceptions of control to promote recovery.

Prevention of Eating Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 335-362
Author(s):  
Evelyn Attia ◽  
Anne E. Becker ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik ◽  
Alison E. Field ◽  
Neville H. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Eating Disorder Prevention ◽  
Effectiveness Trials ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disorder Prevention

This chapter examines risk factors for the development of eating disorders and efforts to prevent them. A number of variables are considered to be risk factors; however, extant research has notable limitations, including the low prevalence of these conditions within the general population, which complicates the identification of reliable risk factors. The impact of culture on eating disorders is reviewed, as well as social and biological factors thought to exert complementary impact and to contribute synergistically to risk. Considerable progress has been made in developing and evaluating models for prevention since the publication of the prior edition of this book. These advances include the publication of several large effectiveness trials, the development of models to prevent the onset of anorexia nervosa and combined eating disorder prevention and weight maintenance/loss programs, and the availability of interventions for both boys and girls.

scholarly journals Eating Disorders Spectrum during COVID Pandemic: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Miniati ◽  
Francesca Marzetti ◽  
Laura Palagini ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Graziella Orru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

Background: Several data suggest that COVID-19 pandemic might exacerbate or trigger Eating Disorders (EDs). The aim of this paper was to summarize present literature on COVID pandemic and EDs. Methods: Literature search, study selection, methods, and quality evaluation were performed following PRISMA Guidelines. Results: The systematic search permitted the identification of 91 studies; 21 papers were eligible and included in the review. Nine papers (42.9%) evaluated the effect of pandemic and associated protective and risk factors in EDs patients, ten (47.6%) explored the prevalence of disturbed eating behaviours and risk factors for exacerbating EDs in the general population, and the remaining two (9.5%) were qualitative studies describing the impact of lockdown and quarantine on EDs patients. Their analysis revealed five main findings: 1) changes in physical activities routines were related to a worsening of preoccupation on weight/body shape; 2) food access limitation during pandemic represented a risk factors for both triggering and exacerbating EDs; 3) restriction in healthcare facilities contributed to increase anxiety levels and modifies treatment compliance; 4) social isolation was related to symptoms' exacerbation in EDs patients who are home-confined with family members; 5) conflicts and difficulties in relationships with 'no way out' were maintenance factors for EDs symptoms, especially in adolescents and young adults. Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on EDs that might be triggered or worsened by the exceptional conditions deriving from COVID-19-related stress in predisposed subjects. Patients already affected by EDs experienced a worsening of their clinical conditions and related quality of life.

scholarly journals The association between maternal depression and anxiety on nutritional problems in children aged 6 to 36 months

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
Reza Rezaee-Taheri ◽  
Saeedreza Jamali Moghadam Siyahkali ◽  
Omid Dadras ◽  
Elahe Abedi-Taleb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
The Impact

Background and purpose: Maternal depression and anxiety can cause nutritional problems in offspring. Despite the numerous literature, the knowledge regarding the impact of maternal mental health on child’s eating disorder is still limited. This study explored the impact of maternal depression and anxiety on eating disorders among children aged 6 to 36 months in Tehran, Iran.Material and Methods: A total number of 320 children aged 6 to 36 months old and their mothers were enrolled at a teaching university hospital in Tehran (Ziaeian Hospital). To collect the data, the inventory of problematic eating behaviors for 36-month old children, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire, and demographic information questionnaire were used. To examine the relationship between maternal depression and anxiety with childhood feeding problems, bivariate (Chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were employed.Results: The mean mothers’ depression and anxiety scores were found to be 15.97 (SD = 12.08) and 14.26 (SD = 11.87), respectively. An estimated 23.8 % of children were suffering from eating disorders. There was a significant association between the mother’s severe depression and child’s eating disorder [OR = 5.7; CI (95%) = 2.92-11.43]. Although this association attenuated for the moderate level of depression in mothers, it was still statistically significant [OR= 2.25; CI (95%) = 1.05-4.8]. There was also a significant association between the moderate level of anxiety in mother and child’s eating disorder [OR = 2.17; CI (95%) = 1.15-4.10].Conclusion: It appeared that the children of mothers with higher levels of depression experienced more eating disorders during childhood. Furthermore, middle maternal anxiety level was associated with more feeding abnormalities in children. Therefore, screening and addressing the mental health issues in mothers at the early stages could prevent from future eating disorders in offspring.

scholarly journals The impact of risk factors on the financial performance of the commercial banking sector in Barbados

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Wood ◽  
Shanise McConney
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Interest Rate Risk ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Country Risk ◽  
Risk Variable ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of risk factors on the financial performance of the commercial banking sector in Barbados using quarterly data for the period 2000 to 2015. The empirical results indicate that Capital Risk, Credit Risk, Liquidity Risk, Interest Rate Risk and Operational Risk have statistically significant impacts on financial performance. The only risk variable which does not derive this result is Country Risk. In addition, of those variables which proxy external factors, only GDP Growth has a statistically insignificant influence on financial performance. Credit risk exerted a negative impact on the banks’ financial performance, thus the banks must ensure they adopt appropriate measures to minimise the impact of this risk. Higher levels of capital impacted positively on the banking sector’s profitability. This paper is the first effort employing such an extensive dataset based on Barbados’ commercial banking sector and shows the main factors that influence commercial banks’ financial performance in this developing economy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Retrospective Childhood Maltreatment on Eating Disorders as Mediated by Food Addiction: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rami Bou Khalil ◽  
Ghassan Sleilaty ◽  
Sami Richa ◽  
Maude Seneque ◽  
Sylvain Iceta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yale Food Addiction Scale ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
The Impact

Background: The current study aimed to test whether food addiction (FA) might mediate the relationship between the presence of a history of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder (ED) symptom severity. Methods: Participants were 231 patients with ED presenting between May 2017 and January 2020 to a daycare treatment facility for assessment and management with mainly the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS 2.0). Results: Participants had a median age of 24 (interquartile range (IQR) 20–33) years and manifested anorexia nervosa (61.47%), bulimia nervosa (16.88%), binge-eating disorders (9.09%), and other types of ED (12.55%). They were grouped into those likely presenting FA (N = 154) and those without FA (N = 77). The group with FA reported higher scores on all five CTQ subscales, as well as the total score of the EDI-2 (p < 0.001). Using mediation analysis; significant indirect pathways between all CTQ subscales and the EDI-2 total score emerged via FA, with the largest indirect effect emerging for physical neglect (standardized effect = 0.208; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.127–0.29) followed by emotional abuse (standardized effect = 0.183; 95% CI 0.109–0.262). Conclusion: These results are compatible with a model in which certain types of childhood maltreatment, especially physical neglect, may induce, maintain, and/or exacerbate ED symptoms via FA which may guide future treatments.

Impact of Thrombophilia On Arterial Ischemic Stroke or Cerebral Venous Sinus Thromboses in Children: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3993-3993
Author(s):  
Lisa K Lütkhoff ◽  
Manuela Albisetti ◽  
Timothy J. Bernard ◽  
Mariana Bonduel ◽  
Leonardo R. Brandao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibodies ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Off Label ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 3993 Poster Board III-929 Background The incidence of stroke in children is estimated at about 2.6 per 100,000 per year. Risk factors include congenital heart malformations, trauma, hemolytic anemias, collagen tissue diseases, inborn metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases. Apart from acquired thrombophilic risk factors, such as the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, inherited thrombophilias (IT) have been found to be associated with stroke in infants and children. However, results of single studies on the risk of stroke onset associated with IT have been contradictory or inconclusive, mainly due to lack of statistical power. The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of thrombophilia (IT) on risk of childhood stroke via meta-analysis of published observational studies. Methods and Results A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to 2009 was conducted using key words in combination both as MeSH terms and text words. Citations were independently screened by two authors and those meeting the a priori defined inclusion criteria were retained. Data on year of publication, study design, country of origin, number of patients/controls, ethnicity, stroke type (arterial ischemic stroke [AIS]; cerebral venous sinus thrombosis [CSVT]) were abstracted. Publication bias indicator and heterogeneity across studies were evaluated, and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using both fixed-effects and random-effects models. Twenty-one of 185 references found met inclusion criteria. 1698 patients (AIS: 1291; CSVT: 407) and 2913 controls aged neonate to 18 years were enrolled. No significant heterogeneity was discerned across studies, and no publication bias was detected. A statistically significant association with stroke onset was demonstrated for each IT trait evaluated, with no difference found between AIS (table) and CSVT. Summary ORs/CIs (random-effects model) for AIS & CSVT cohorts were as follows: Protein C-deficiency (8.76/4.53-16.96), FV G1691A (3.34/2.66-4.26), FII G20210A (2.50/1.67-3.74), MTHFR T677T (1.61/1.21-2.14), antiphospholipid antibodies (5.84/3.06-11.18), elevated lipoprotein (a) (6.24/4.51-8.64), and combined ITs (8.85/3.32-23.57). Carrier rates reported for antithrombin- or protein S deficiency among patients were 1.5% and 1.6% as compared with 0.06% (p<0.001) and 0.4% (p=0.003) in healthy controls. Conclusions The present meta-analysis indicates that IT serve as risk factors for incident stroke. However, the impact of IT upon outcome and recurrence risk needs to be further investigated. Disclosures: Manco-Johnson: Baxter BioScience: Honoraria; Bayer HealthCare: Honoraria; CSL Behring: Honoraria; NovoNordisk: Honoraria; Octapharma: Honoraria. Off Label Use: Enoxaparin (LMWH) is used off-label in children to prevent symptomatic thromboembolism.

scholarly journals Understanding and modifying the impact of parents' substance misuse on children

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Velleman ◽  
Lorna Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Drug Problem ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
The Impact

We outline the huge literature on the potentially negative impact on children of growing up with a parent who has an alcohol or drug problem, the risk factors that can exacerbate this effect, and resilience and the protective factors that can reduce it. Clear ways that practitioners can intervene to reduce risk and to increase resilience are discussed. All practitioners have a responsibility to work in holistic ways if damage to children and families is to be avoided, and we summarise the key common skills needed to work with individuals (children as well as adults) and families. The differences between a resilience and a deficit approach are outlined.

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