scholarly journals Particle Dynamics and Bioaerosol Viability of Aerosolized BCG Vaccine Using Jet and Vibrating Mesh Clinical Nebulizers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Redmann ◽  
Deepak Kaushal ◽  
Nadia Golden ◽  
Breeana Threeton ◽  
Stephanie Z. Killeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Injection ◽  
Inoculum Concentration ◽  
Particle Characteristics ◽  
Jet Nebulizer ◽  
Aerosol Chamber ◽  
Ultrasonic Devices ◽  
Aerosol Fraction ◽  
Jet Nebulizers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Concentration Fraction

AbstractBackgroundBacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is a vaccine used to protect against tuberculosis primarily in infants to stop early infection in areas of the world where the disease is endemic. Normally administered as a percutaneous injection, BCG is a live, significantly attenuated bacteria that is now being investigated for its potential within an inhalable vaccine formulation. This work investigates the feasibility and performance of four jet and ultrasonic nebulizers aerosolizing BCG and the resulting particle characteristics and residual viability of the bacteria post-aerosolization.MethodsA jet nebulizer (Collison) outfitted either with a 3- or 6-jet head, was compared to two clinical nebulizers, the vibrating mesh Omron MicroAir and Aerogen Solo devices. Particle characteristics, including aerodynamic particle sizing, was performed on all devices within a common aerosol chamber configuration and comparable BCG innocula concentrations. Integrated aerosol samples were collected for each generator and assayed for bacterial viability using conventional microbiological technique.Results and ConclusionsA batch lot of BCG (Danish) was grown to titer and used in all generator assessments. Aerosol particles within the respirable range were generated from all nebulizers at four different concentrations of BCG. The jet nebulizers produced a uniformly smaller particle size than the ultrasonic devices, although particle concentrations by mass were similar across all devices tested with the exception of the Aerogen Solo, which resulted in a very low concentration of BCG aerosols. The resulting measured viable BCG aerosol concentration fraction produced by each device approximated one another; however, a measurable decrease of efficiency and overall viability reduction in the jet nebulizer was observed in higher BCG inoculum starting concentrations, whereas the vibrating mesh nebulizer returned a remarkably stable viable aerosol fraction irrespective of inoculum concentration.

scholarly journals Comparison of Salbutamol Delivery Efficiency for Jet versus Mesh Nebulizer Using Mice

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang ◽  
Moon ◽  
Oh ◽  
Yoon ◽  
Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
Output Rate ◽  
Medication Delivery ◽  
Jet Nebulizer ◽  
Jet Nebulizers ◽  
Effective Medication ◽  
Delivery Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

Recent reports using a breathing simulator system have suggested that mesh nebulizers provide more effective medication delivery than jet nebulizers. In this study, the performances of jet and mesh nebulizers were evaluated by comparing their aerosol drug delivery efficiencies in mice. We compared four home nebulizers: two jet nebulizers (PARI BOY SX with red and blue nozzles), a static mesh nebulizer (NE-U22), and a vibrating mesh nebulizer (NE-SM1). After mice were exposed to salbutamol aerosol, the levels of salbutamol in serum and lung were estimated by ELISA. The residual volume of salbutamol was the largest at 34.6% in PARI BOY SX, while the values for NE-U22 and NE-SM1 mesh nebulizers were each less than 1%. The salbutamol delivery efficiencies of NE-U22 and NE-SM1 were higher than that of PARI BOY SX, as the total delivered amounts of lung and serum were 39.9% and 141.7% as compared to PARI BOY SX, respectively. The delivery efficiency of the mesh nebulizer was better than that of the jet nebulizer. Although the jet nebulizer can generate smaller aerosol particles than the mesh nebulizer used in this study, the output rate of the jet nebulizer is low, resulting in lower salbutamol delivery efficiency. Therefore, clinical validation of the drug delivery efficiency according to nebulizer type is necessary to avoid overdose and reduced drug wastage.

scholarly journals Efficiency of the deposition mode ice nucleation on mineral dust particles

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1539-1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Möhler ◽  
P. R. Field ◽  
P. Connolly ◽  
S. Benz ◽  
H. Saathoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Particle ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Saturation Ratio ◽  
Particle Properties ◽  
Aerosol Chamber ◽  
Aerosol Fraction ◽  
Takla Makan Desert ◽  
Deposition Mode

Abstract. The deposition mode ice nucleation efficiency of various dust aerosols was investigated at cirrus cloud temperatures between 196 K and 223 K using the aerosol chamber facility AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere). Arizona test dust (ATD) as a reference material and two dust samples from the Takla Makan desert in Asia (AD1) and Sahara (SD2) were used for the experiments at simulated cloud conditions. The dust particle sizes were almost lognormally distributed with mode diameters between 0.3 µm and 0.5 µm and geometric standard deviations between 1.6 and 1.9. Deposition ice nucleation was most efficient on ATD particles with ice-active particle fractions of about 0.6 and 0.8 at an ice saturation ratio Si<1.15 and temperatures of 223 K and 209 K, respectively. No significant change of the ice nucleation efficiency was found in up to three subsequent cycles of ice activation and evaporation with the same ATD aerosol. The desert dust samples SD2 and AD1 showed a significantly lower fraction of active deposition nuclei, about 0.25 at 223 K and Si<1.35. For all samples the ice activated aerosol fraction could be approximated by an exponential equation as function of Si. This formulation of ice activation spectra may be used to calculate the formation rate of ice crystals in models, if the number concentration of dust particles is known. More experimental work is needed to quantify the variability of the ice activation spectra as function of the temperature and dust particle properties.

Properties of rapamycin solid lipid nanoparticles for lymphatic access through the lungs & part I: the effect of size

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 1927-1945
Author(s):  
Emelie Landh ◽  
Lyn M Moir ◽  
Peta Bradbury ◽  
Daniela Traini ◽  
Paul M Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Particle Characteristics ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Embryonic Fibroblast

Background: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by growth of smooth muscle-like cells in the lungs that spread to other organs via lymphatic vessels. Current oral rapamycin treatment is limited by low bioavailability of approximately 15%. Aim: The effect of inhaled rapamycin solid lipid nanoparticles (Rapa-SLNs) size on its penetration through the lymphatics. Method: Three Rapa-SLN formulations (200–1000 nm) were produced and assessed for particle characteristics and further for toxicity and performance in vitro. Results: Rapa-SLNs of 200 nm inhibited proliferation in TSC2-negative mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and penetrated the respiratory epithelium and lymphatic endothelium significantly faster compared with free rapamycin and larger Rapa-SLNs. Conclusion: Rapa-SLN approximately 200 nm allows efficient entry of rapamycin into the lymphatic system and is therefore a promising treatment for LAM patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Clinical Efficacy of Salbutamol with Jet and Mesh Nebulizers in Asthmatic Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norihide Murayama ◽  
Kikuno Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Mild Asthma ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Jet Nebulizer ◽  
Jet Nebulizers

Background. Ultrasonic, jet, and mesh nebulizers have all been used in the treatment for asthma. Mesh nebulizers reportedly offer the best inhalation efficiency. Methods. This study aimed to clarify the utility of the mesh nebulizer, compared to jet nebulizers, in the treatment of pediatric asthma patients. Participants included 88 children <6 years old who were receiving treatment for asthma at Murayama Pediatric Clinic. Heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation in arterial blood, and Mitsui symptom scores were compared before and after treatment with a mesh nebulizer (n=43) or jet nebulizer (n=45) using a salbutamol inhalation solution (0.2 ml for children ≧ 2 years old, n=51; 0.1 ml for children < 2 years old, n=37). Results. Other than required inhalation time, clinical findings did not differ between mesh and jet groups. In both groups, heart rate increased significantly in patients treated with 0.2 ml (1000 microg) of salbutamol. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance. The required inhalation time of the mesh nebulizer was superior to the jet nebulizer. Children ≧ 2 years with mild asthma attacks experienced a significantly increased heart rate in both groups. The dose of salbutamol (0.2 ml for ≧2 years) used for asthma attacks should be reconsidered in mild asthma.

scholarly journals NEBULIZED GLYCOPYRRONIUM AND FORMOTEROL, BUDESONIDE AEROSOL AERODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT WITH VIBRATING MESH AND COMPRESSOR AIR NEBULIZER: ANDERSON CASCADE IMPACTOR STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Mala Menon ◽  
Isha Naik ◽  
Gopal Singh Rajawat ◽  
Mangal Nagarsenker ◽  
Korukonda Krishnaprasad
Keyword(s):  
Fine Particle ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Cascade Impactor ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Particle Dose ◽  
Jet Nebulizer ◽  
Jet Nebulizers

Vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMN) demonstrate improved efficiency for delivery of inhaled aerosol solutions or suspensions as compared to compressor devices. The added advantages of compactness, portability and functioning as noise-free device makes them of incremental value in Home or Ambulatory settings while managing Severe Obstructive airway disease or delivery of maintenance medications in these cases. This further circumvents the need for multiple devices thereby further improving patient compliance and convenience while delivering acute or maintenance formulations including Glycopyrronium (GLY) and Formoterol (FRM)/Budesonide(BUD) nebulizing solution formulations. To further assess the clinical role and feasibility of FRM-BUD formulation delivery kinetics  with or without GLY nebulizing solution through VMN and jet  nebulizers for In- & outpatient settings, 2 comparative in-vitro lung deposition studies were carried out utilizing Anderson Cascade impactor at 30 L/min; deposited drug concentrations in different stages were suitably collected and estimated by HPLC. Post-hoc analyses with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for intergroup differences on FRM/BUD and GLY delivered through VMN or Compressor devices.  The calculated mean fine particle dose for FRM & BUD delivered by VMN or jet nebulizer showed no statistical difference. However the mean fine particle fraction for BUD delivered by VMN was significantly better compared to jet nebulizer than that for FRM. The Residual volume at 10 mins was significantly higher with jet nebulizer. The optimal APSD for GLY nebulizing solution admixture with FRM/BUD suspension delivered through VMN and Jet nebulizer offers a clinically relevant strategy for High risk COPD cases in Acute or Home settings.

scholarly journals Aerosol Delivery of Dornase Alfa Generated by Jet and Mesh Nebulizers

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hwa Chang ◽  
Sang-Hyub Moon ◽  
Sun Kook Yoo ◽  
Bong Joo Park ◽  
Ki Chang Nam
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Drug Stability ◽  
Aerosol Delivery ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Dornase Alfa ◽  
Jet Nebulizer ◽  
Jet Nebulizers ◽  
In Vitro Performance ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Recent reports on mesh nebulizers suggest the possibility of stable nebulization of various therapeutic protein drugs. In this study, the in vitro performance and drug stability of jet and mesh nebulizers were examined for dornase alfa and compared with respect to their lung delivery efficiency in BALB/c mice. We compared four nebulizers: two jet nebulizers (PARI BOY SX with red and blue nozzles), a static mesh nebulizer (NE-U150), and a vibrating mesh nebulizer (NE-SM1). The enzymatic activity of dornase alfa was assessed using a kinetic fluorometric DNase activity assay. Both jet nebulizers had large residual volumes between 24% and 27%, while the volume of the NE-SM1 nebulizer was less than 2%. Evaluation of dornase alfa aerosols produced by the four nebulizers showed no overall loss of enzymatic activity or protein content and no increase in aggregation or degradation. The amount of dornase alfa delivered to the lungs was highest for the PARI BOY SX-red jet nebulizer. This result confirmed that aerosol droplet size is an important factor in determining the efficiency of dornase alfa delivery to the lungs. Further clinical studies and analysis are required before any conclusions can be drawn regarding the clinical safety and efficacy of these nebulizers.

scholarly journals 266 Maintenance, bacterial contamination and performance of jet nebulizers used by out patients

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 47A-47A
Author(s):  
Eva Van Den Brock ◽  
Harm A W M Tiddens ◽  
Veronique H J Struycken ◽  
Gordana Dzoljic-Danilovic ◽  
Twan Van De Velden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Jet Nebulizers ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Current possibilities for nebulizer therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Zaytsev ◽  
M. A. Kharitonov ◽  
V. A. Chernetsov ◽  
E. V. Kryukov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Piezoelectric Element ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Gas Jet ◽  
Residual Volume ◽  
Oscillation Energy ◽  
Ultrasonic Devices ◽  
Jet Nebulizers ◽  
New Generation

This article discusses the main aspects of the nebulizer therapy used to treat respiratory diseases. The basic principle of operation of all types of nebulizers is based on the generation of aerosol containing particles comprising an active substance. Currently, there are three types of nebulizers: jet, or compressor (which uses the energy of a gas jet), ultrasonic (which uses oscillation energy of the piezoelectric element) and membrane (Mesh nebulizers). The jet nebulizers are the most common, because they have affordable cost, are easy to use, however, using this type of nebulizers is accompanied by quite large losses of the drug (more than 50%), and they are quite noisy due to the compressor. Among the advantages of ultrasonic nebulizers are virtually silent operation, fast aerosol production and shorter inhalation times compared to compressor devices, small size and weight, and operation from the batteries. However, one of the most important disadvantages of ultrasonic nebulizers is the limited range of drugs that can be used for inhalation, which significantly limits their use in pulmonological practice. In particular, they are not suitable for inhalation of suspensions (glucocorticosteroids) due to the impossibility of homogeneous nebulization, in addition, part of the GCS molecules are destroyed by ultrasound. In recent years, the greatest prospects have been associated with the use of a new generation of nebulizers created using the so-called Vibrating Mesh Technology. Membrane nebulizers have a number of advantages compared to the compressor and ultrasonic devices. Among them are a small residual volume, noiseless operation, high mobility due to the small size, weight and ability to operate using battery.

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