scholarly journals Language systems from lesion-symptom mapping in aphasia: A meta-analysis of voxel-based lesion mapping studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonhye Na ◽  
JeYoung Jung ◽  
Christopher Tench ◽  
Dorothee P Auer ◽  
Sung-Bom Pyun
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping

Background: Aphasia is one of the most common causes of post-stroke disabilities. As the symptoms and impact of post-stroke aphasia are heterogeneous, it is important to understand how topographical lesion heterogeneity in patients with aphasia is associated with different domains of language impairments. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of neuroanatomical basis in post-stroke aphasia through coordinate based meta-analysis of voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping studies. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of lesion-symptom mapping studies in post-stroke aphasia. We obtained coordinate-based functional neuroimaging data for 2,007 individuals with aphasia from 25 studies that met predefined inclusion criteria. Results: Overall, our results revealed that the distinctive patterns of lesions in aphasia are associated with different language functions and tasks. Damage to the insular-motor areas impaired speech with preserved comprehension and a similar pattern was observed when the lesion covered the insular-motor and inferior parietal lobule. Lesions in the frontal area severely impaired speaking with relatively good comprehension. The repetition-selective deficits only arise from lesions involving the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Damage in the anterior-to-posterior temporal cortex was associated with semantic deficits. Conclusion: The association patterns of lesion topography and specific language deficits provide key insights into the specific underlying language pathways. Our meta-analysis results strongly support the dual pathway model of language processing, capturing the link between the different symptom complexes of aphasias and the different underlying location of damage.

Meta-analysis of the neural representation of first language and second language

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAJANI SEBASTIAN ◽  
ANGELA R. LAIRD ◽  
SWATHI KIRAN
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
First Language ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Second Language Processing ◽  
Meta Analyses

ABSTRACTThis study reports an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of published functional neuroimaging studies of bilingualism. Four parallel meta-analyses were conducted by taking into account the proficiency of participants reported in the studies. The results of the meta-analyses suggest differences in the probabilities of activation patterns between high proficiency and moderate/low proficiency bilinguals. The Talairach coordinates of activation in first language processing were very similar to that of second language processing in the high proficient bilinguals. However, in the low proficient group, the activation clusters were generally smaller and distributed over wider areas in both the hemispheres than the clusters identified in the ALE maps from the high proficient group. These findings draw attention to the importance of language proficiency in bilingual neural representation.

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Self- and Other Judgments Reveals a Spatial Gradient for Mentalizing in Medial Prefrontal Cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1742-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan T. Denny ◽  
Hedy Kober ◽  
Tor D. Wager ◽  
Kevin N. Ochsner
Keyword(s):  
Functional Organization ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Meta Analyses

The distinction between processes used to perceive and understand the self and others has received considerable attention in psychology and neuroscience. Brain findings highlight a role for various regions, in particular the medial PFC (mPFC), in supporting judgments about both the self and others. We performed a meta-analysis of 107 neuroimaging studies of self- and other-related judgments using multilevel kernel density analysis [Kober, H., & Wager, T. D. Meta-analyses of neuroimaging data. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews, 1, 293–300, 2010]. We sought to determine what brain regions are reliably involved in each judgment type and, in particular, what the spatial and functional organization of mPFC is with respect to them. Relative to nonmentalizing judgments, both self- and other judgments were associated with activity in mPFC, ranging from ventral to dorsal extents, as well as common activation of the left TPJ and posterior cingulate. A direct comparison between self- and other judgments revealed that ventral mPFC as well as left ventrolateral PFC and left insula were more frequently activated by self-related judgments, whereas dorsal mPFC, in addition to bilateral TPJ and cuneus, was more frequently activated by other-related judgments. Logistic regression analyses revealed that ventral and dorsal mPFC lay at opposite ends of a functional gradient: The z coordinates reported in individual studies predicted whether the study involved self- or other-related judgments, which were associated with increasingly ventral or dorsal portions of mPFC, respectively. These results argue for a distributed rather than localizationist account of mPFC organization and support an emerging view on the functional heterogeneity of mPFC.

scholarly journals Dissociating frontoparietal brain networks with neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Lorenz ◽  
Ines R. Violante ◽  
Ricardo Pio Monti ◽  
Giovanni Montana ◽  
Adam Hampshire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Optimization ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractUnderstanding the unique contributions of frontoparietal networks (FPN) in cognition is challenging because different FPNs spatially overlap and are co-activated for diverse tasks. In order to characterize these networks involves studying how they activate across many different cognitive tasks, which previously has only been possible with meta-analyses. Here, building upon meta-analyses as a starting point, we use neuroadaptive Bayesian optimization, an approach combining real-time analysis of functional neuroimaging data with machine-learning, to discover cognitive tasks that dissociate ventral and dorsal FPN activity from a large pool of tasks. We identify and subsequently refine two cognitive tasks (Deductive Reasoning and Tower of London) that are optimal for dissociating the FPNs. The identified cognitive tasks are not those predicted by meta-analysis, highlighting a different mapping between cognitive tasks and FPNs than expected. The optimization approach converged on a similar neural dissociation independently for the two different tasks, suggesting a possible common underlying functional mechanism and the need for neurally-derived cognitive taxonomies.

scholarly journals Toward a Global and Reproducible Science for Brain Imaging in Neurotrauma: The ENIGMA Adult Moderate/Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Working Group

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Olsen ◽  
Talin Babikian ◽  
Erin D. Bigler ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
Virginia Conde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Neuroimaging Data

The global burden of mortality and morbidity caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is significant and the heterogeneity of TBI patients and the relatively small sample sizes of most current neuroimaging studies is a major challenge for scientific advances and clinical translation. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Adult moderate/severe TBI (AMS-TBI) working group aims to be a driving force for new discoveries in AMS-TBI by providing researchers world-wide with an effective framework and platform for large-scale cross-border collaboration and data sharing. Based on the principles of transparency, rigor, reproducibility and collaboration, we will facilitate the development and dissemination of multiscale and big data analysis pipelines for harmonized analyses in AMS-TBI using structural and functional neuroimaging in combination with nonimaging biomarkers, genetics, as well as clinical and behavioral measures. Ultimately, we will offer investigators an unprecedented opportunity to test important hypotheses about recovery and morbidity in AMS-TBI by taking advantage of our robust methods for largescale neuroimaging data analysis. In this consensus statement we outline the working group’s short-term, intermediate, and long-term goals.

The Constraints Functional Neuroimaging Places on Classical Models of Auditory Word Processing

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Giraud ◽  
C. J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Word Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Inferior Temporal Cortex ◽  
Auditory Presentation ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Auditory Noise

Several previous functional imaging experiments have demonstrated that auditory presentation of speech, relative to tones or scrambled speech, activate the superior temporal sulci (STS) bilaterally. In this study, we attempted to segregate the neural responses to phonological, lexical, and semantic input by contrasting activation elicited by heard words, meaningless syllables, and environmental sounds. Inevitable differences between the duration and amplitude of each stimulus type were controlled with auditory noise bursts matched to each activation stimulus. Half the subjects were instructed to say “okay” in response to presentation of all stimuli. The other half repeated back the words and syllables, named the source of the sounds, and said “okay” to the control stimuli (noise bursts). We looked for stimulus effects that were consistent across task. The results revealed that central regions in the STS were equally responsive to speech (words and syllables) and familiar sounds, whereas the posterior and anterior regions of the left superior temporal gyrus were more active for speech. The effect of semantic input was small but revealed more activation in the inferior temporal cortex for words and familiar sounds than syllables and noise. In addition, words (relative to syllables, sounds, and noise) enhanced activation in the temporo-parietal areas that have previously been linked to modality independent semantic processing. Thus, in cognitive terms, we dissociate phono-logical (speech) and semantic responses and propose that word specificity arises from functional integration among shared phonological and semantic areas.

scholarly journals Mapping Common Aphasia Assessments to Underlying Cognitive Processes and Their Neural Substrates

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth H. Lacey ◽  
Laura M. Skipper-Kallal ◽  
Shihui Xing ◽  
Mackenzie E. Fama ◽  
Peter E. Turkeltaub
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Left Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping

Background. Understanding the relationships between clinical tests, the processes they measure, and the brain networks underlying them, is critical in order for clinicians to move beyond aphasia syndrome classification toward specification of individual language process impairments. Objective. To understand the cognitive, language, and neuroanatomical factors underlying scores of commonly used aphasia tests. Methods. Twenty-five behavioral tests were administered to a group of 38 chronic left hemisphere stroke survivors and a high-resolution magnetic resonance image was obtained. Test scores were entered into a principal components analysis to extract the latent variables (factors) measured by the tests. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping was used to localize lesions associated with the factor scores. Results. The principal components analysis yielded 4 dissociable factors, which we labeled Word Finding/Fluency, Comprehension, Phonology/Working Memory Capacity, and Executive Function. While many tests loaded onto the factors in predictable ways, some relied heavily on factors not commonly associated with the tests. Lesion symptom mapping demonstrated discrete brain structures associated with each factor, including frontal, temporal, and parietal areas extending beyond the classical language network. Specific functions mapped onto brain anatomy largely in correspondence with modern neural models of language processing. Conclusions. An extensive clinical aphasia assessment identifies 4 independent language functions, relying on discrete parts of the left middle cerebral artery territory. A better understanding of the processes underlying cognitive tests and the link between lesion and behavior may lead to improved aphasia diagnosis, and may yield treatments better targeted to an individual’s specific pattern of deficits and preserved abilities.

The Brain Basis of Language Processing: From Structure to Function

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. Friederici
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Marker Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Language processing is a trait of human species. The knowledge about its neurobiological basis has been increased considerably over the past decades. Different brain regions in the left and right hemisphere have been identified to support particular language functions. Networks involving the temporal cortex and the inferior frontal cortex with a clear left lateralization were shown to support syntactic processes, whereas less lateralized temporo-frontal networks subserve semantic processes. These networks have been substantiated both by functional as well as by structural connectivity data. Electrophysiological measures indicate that within these networks syntactic processes of local structure building precede the assignment of grammatical and semantic relations in a sentence. Suprasegmental prosodic information overtly available in the acoustic language input is processed predominantly in a temporo-frontal network in the right hemisphere associated with a clear electrophysiological marker. Studies with patients suffering from lesions in the corpus callosum reveal that the posterior portion of this structure plays a crucial role in the interaction of syntactic and prosodic information during language processing.

Images of shadowing and interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorma Tommola ◽  
Matti Laine ◽  
Marianna Sunnari ◽  
Juha O. Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Positron Emission

We begin by noting that, in addition to the more or less established trends of cognitive modelling and neurolinguistic or behavioural experimentation, a more recent orientation in research on interpreting (IR) as a complex cognitive process is functional neuroimaging. We then describe current brain imaging methods — electroencephalography, magnetoencephalography, positron emission tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy — and provide selected examples of their use in language processing and interpreting research, accompanied with brief evaluations of their applicability for IR. In spite of limitations related to invasiveness, temporal resolution, and experimental design, positron emission tomography (PET) is potentially the strongest tool for investigations of the neural substrates of ongoing interpreting performance. Finally, we describe what we believe is the first published study of speech shadowing and professional simultaneous interpreting using PET. Shadowing of the non-dominant language produces more extensive activations in the temporal cortex and motor regions than shadowing of the dominant language, which suggests that even in the simultaneous repetition task, the less automatized language recruits more neural resources. Simultaneous interpreting, whether into the dominant or into the non-dominant language, predominantly activates left-hemispheric structures. Activation patterns are, however, clearly modulated by the direction of interpreting, with more extensive activation during interpreting into the non-dominant language.

scholarly journals Neuroplasticity in Post-Stroke Aphasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Functional Imaging Studies of Reorganization of Language Processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-82
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Wilson ◽  
Sarah M. Schneck
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Post Stroke

Recovery from aphasia is thought to depend on neural plasticity, that is, the functional reorganization of surviving brain regions such that they take on new or expanded roles in language processing. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of all articles published between 1995 and early 2020 that have described functional imaging studies of six or more individuals with post-stroke aphasia, and have reported analyses bearing on neuroplasticity of language processing. Each study was characterized and appraised in detail, with particular attention to three critically important methodological issues: task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons. We identified 86 studies describing a total of 561 relevant analyses. We found that methodological limitations related to task performance confounds, contrast validity, and correction for multiple comparisons have been pervasive. Only a few claims about language processing in individuals with aphasia are strongly supported by the extant literature: First, left hemisphere language regions are less activated in individuals with aphasia than in neurologically normal controls; and second, in cohorts with aphasia, activity in left hemisphere language regions, and possibly a temporal lobe region in the right hemisphere, is positively correlated with language function. There is modest, equivocal evidence for the claim that individuals with aphasia differentially recruit right hemisphere homotopic regions, but no compelling evidence for differential recruitment of additional left hemisphere regions or domain-general networks. There is modest evidence that left hemisphere language regions return to function over time, but no compelling longitudinal evidence for dynamic reorganization of the language network.

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