scholarly journals The impact of housing conditions on porcine adult stem cell populations differ between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey QUEMENER ◽  
Frederic DESSAUGE ◽  
Marie-Helene PERRUCHOT ◽  
Nathalie LE FLOC'H ◽  
Isabelle LOUVEAU
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Stem Cell Populations ◽  
The Impact

Background: In pigs, the ratio between lean mass and fat mass determines production efficiency and is strongly influenced by the number and size of cells in tissues. During growth, the increase in the number of cells results from the recruitment of different populations of multipotent adult stem cells residing in the tissues. We hypothesized that the impact of a hygiene challenge on the proportions of adult stem cells in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle may differ between pigs with different residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency. Methods: At the age of 11 weeks, Large White pigs from two lines divergently selected for low and high RFI were housed in two contrasting hygiene conditions (good vs poor). After six weeks of challenge, pigs were slaughtered (n = 5-9/group). Samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue and longissimus muscle were collected, and cells from the stromal vascular fraction (FSV), which includes adult stem cell populations, were isolated from each tissue. Adipose and muscle cell populations from the FSV were phenotyped by flow cytometry using antibodies that targeted different cell surface markers (CD45 to identify hematopoietic cells; CD34, CD38, CD56 and CD140a to identify mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with adipogenic and/or myogenic potential). Results: Adipose tissue and muscle shared some common MSC populations although MSC diversity was higher in muscle than in adipose tissue. In muscle, the CD45-CD56+CD34-CD140a+ and CD45-CD56+CD34+CD140a+ cell populations were abundant. Of these two cell populations, only the proportions of CD45-CD56+CD34+CD140a+ cells increased (P < 0.05) in pigs housed in poor hygiene compared with good hygiene conditions. For the CD45-CD56-CD34- cell population, present in low proportion, there was an interaction between hygiene condition and genetic line (P < 0.05) with a decrease in low RFI pigs housed in poor hygiene conditions. In adipose tissue, the two abundant MSC populations were CD45-CD56-CD34- and CD45-CD56+CD34-. The proportion of CD45-CD56-CD34- cells increased (P < 0.05) whereas the proportion of CD45-CD56+CD34- tended to decrease (P < 0.1) in pigs housed in poor conditions. This study shows that the proportions of some MSC populations were affected by hygiene of housing conditions in a tissue-dependent manner in pigs of both RFI lines. Therefore, these cell populations could be targeted to modulate growth and body composition in growing animals.

scholarly journals Quiescent, Slow-Cycling Stem Cell Populations in Cancer: A Review of the Evidence and Discussion of Significance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Moore ◽  
Stephen Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Slow Cycling ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Long-lived cancer stem cells (CSCs) with indefinite proliferative potential have been identified in multiple epithelial cancer types. These cells are likely derived from transformed adult stem cells and are thought to share many characteristics with their parental population, including a quiescent slow-cycling phenotype. Various label-retaining techniques have been used to identify normal slow cycling adult stem cell populations and offer a unique methodology to functionally identify and isolate cancer stem cells. The quiescent nature of CSCs represents an inherent mechanism that at least partially explains chemotherapy resistance and recurrence in posttherapy cancer patients. Isolating and understanding the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms of quiescent cancer cells will be a key component to creation of future therapies that better target CSCs and totally eradicate tumors. Here we review the evidence for quiescent CSC populations and explore potential cell cycle regulators that may serve as future targets for elimination of these cells.

scholarly journals Characterization of human adult stem‐cell populations isolated from visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 3494-3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Baglioni ◽  
Michela Francalanci ◽  
Roberta Squecco ◽  
Adriana Lombardi ◽  
Giulia Cantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Human Adult ◽  
Stem Cell Populations ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals GSK3β, a Master Kinase in the Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Behavior

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Claire Racaud-Sultan ◽  
Nathalie Vergnolle
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Epithelial Regeneration ◽  
Cell Functions

In adult stem cells, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is at the crossroad of signaling pathways controlling survival, proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. The microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of these cell functions and we have demonstrated that the GSK3β activity is strongly dependent on the engagement of integrins and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Downstream of the integrin α5β1 or PAR2 activation, a molecular complex is organized around the scaffolding proteins RACK1 and β-arrestin-2 respectively, containing the phosphatase PP2A responsible for GSK3β activation. As a consequence, a quiescent stem cell phenotype is established with high capacities to face apoptotic and metabolic stresses. A protective role of GSK3β has been found for hematopoietic and intestinal stem cells. Latters survived to de-adhesion through PAR2 activation, whereas formers were protected from cytotoxicity through α5β1 engagement. However, a prolonged activation of GSK3β promoted a defect in epithelial regeneration and a resistance to chemotherapy of leukemic cells, paving the way to chronic inflammatory diseases and to cancer resurgence, respectively. In both cases, a sexual dimorphism was measured in GSK3β-dependent cellular functions. GSK3β activity is a key marker for inflammatory and cancer diseases allowing adjusted therapy to sex, age and metabolic status of patients.

scholarly journals The Adipose-derived Stem Cell: Looking Back and Looking Ahead

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1783-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Zuk
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Stem Cell Populations ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cell ◽  
Looking Back

In 2002, researchers at UCLA published a manuscript in Molecular Biology of the Cell describing a novel adult stem cell population isolated from adipose tissue—the adipose-derived stem cell (ASC). Since that time, the ASC has gone on to be one of the most popular adult stem cell populations currently being used in the stem cell field. With multilineage mesodermal potential and possible ectodermal and endodermal potentials also, the ASC could conceivably be an alternate to pluripotent ES cells in both the lab and in the clinic. In this retrospective article, a historical perspective on the ASC is given together with exciting new applications for the stem cell being considered today.

Article Commentary: Stem Cell Research in Cell Transplantation: An Analysis of Geopolitical Influence by Publications

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Eve ◽  
Paul R. Sanberg
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Area ◽  
Fetal Stem Cells ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The Us ◽  
Restricted Use

One of the fastest growing fields in researching treatments for neurodegenerative and other disorders is the use of stem cells. These cells are naturally occurring and can be obtained from three different stages of an organism's life: embryonic, fetal, and adult. In the US, political doctrine has restricted use of federal funds for stem cells, enhancing research towards an adult source. In order to determine how this legislation may be represented by the stem cell field, a retrospective analysis of stem cell articles published in the journal Cell Transplantation over a 2-year period was performed. Cell Transplantation is considered a translational journal from preclinical to clinical, so it was of interest to determine the publication outcome of stem cell articles 6 years after the US regulations. The distribution of the source of stem cells was found to be biased towards the adult stage, but relatively similar over the embryonic and fetal stages. The fetal stem cell reports were primarily neural in origin, whereas the adult stem cell ones were predominantly mesenchymal and used mainly in neural studies. The majority of stem cell studies published in Cell Transplantation were found to fall under the umbrella of neuroscience research. American scientists published the most articles using stem cells with a bias towards adult stem cells, supporting the effect of the legislation, whereas Europe was the leading continent with a bias towards embryonic and fetal stem cells, where research is “controlled” but not restricted. Japan was also a major player in the use of stem cells. Allogeneic transplants (where donor and recipient are the same species) were the most common transplants recorded, although the transplantation of human-derived stem cells into rodents was the most common specific transplantation performed. This demonstrates that the use of stem cells is an increasingly important field (with a doubling of papers between 2005 and 2006), which is likely to develop into a major therapeutic area over the next few decades and that funding restrictions can affect the type of research being performed.

scholarly journals Cellular and molecular characterization of the role of the flk-2/flt-3 receptor tyrosine kinase in hematopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 2422-2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
FC Zeigler ◽  
BD Bennett ◽  
CT Jordan ◽  
SD Spencer ◽  
S Baumhueter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

The flk-2/flt-3 receptor tyrosine kinase was cloned from a hematopoietic stem cell population and is considered to play a potential role in the developmental fate of the stem cell. Using antibodies derived against the extracellular domain of the receptor, we show that stem cells from both murine fetal liver and bone marrow can express flk-2/flt-3. However, in both these tissues, there are stem cell populations that do not express the receptor. Cell cycle analysis shows that stem cells that do not express the receptor have a greater percentage of the population in G0 when compared with the flk-2/flt-3- positive population. Development of agonist antibodies to the receptor shows a proliferative role for the receptor in stem cell populations. Stimulation with an agonist antibody gives rise to an expansion of both myeloid and lymphoid cells and this effect is enhanced by the addition of kit ligand. These studies serve to further illustrate the importance of the flk-2/flt-3 receptor in the regulation of the hematopoietic stem cell.

Leukemic stem cells hiding in plain sight

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (38) ◽  
pp. eaay7253
Author(s):  
Gabriel K. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Leukemic Stem Cell ◽  
Leukemic Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Activation of NK-mediated immune surveillance clears leukemic stem cell populations.

scholarly journals The nutritional environment determines which and how intestinal stem cells contribute to homeostasis and tumorigenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 937-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenge Li ◽  
Samuel E Zimmerman ◽  
Karina Peregrina ◽  
Michele Houston ◽  
Joshua Mayoral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Dna Mismatch ◽  
Nutrient Environment ◽  
Mucosal Homeostasis ◽  
Human Mucosa ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Abstract Sporadic colon cancer accounts for approximately 80% of colorectal cancer (CRC) with high incidence in Western societies strongly linked to long-term dietary patterns. A unique mouse model for sporadic CRC results from feeding a purified rodent Western-style diet (NWD1) recapitulating intake for the mouse of common nutrient risk factors each at its level consumed in higher risk Western populations. This causes sporadic large and small intestinal tumors in wild-type mice at an incidence and frequency similar to that in humans. NWD1 perturbs intestinal cell maturation and Wnt signaling throughout villi and colonic crypts and decreases mouse Lgr5hi intestinal stem cell contribution to homeostasis and tumor development. Here we establish that NWD1 transcriptionally reprograms Lgr5hi cells, and that nutrients are interactive in reprogramming. Furthermore, the DNA mismatch repair pathway is elevated in Lgr5hi cells by lower vitamin D3 and/or calcium in NWD1, paralleled by reduced accumulation of relevant somatic mutations detected by single-cell exome sequencing. In compensation, NWD1 also reprograms Bmi1+ cells to function and persist as stem-like cells in mucosal homeostasis and tumor development. The data establish the key role of the nutrient environment in defining the contribution of two different stem cell populations to both mucosal homeostasis and tumorigenesis. This raises important questions regarding impact of variable human diets on which and how stem cell populations function in the human mucosa and give rise to tumors. Moreover, major differences reported in turnover of human and mouse crypt base stem cells may be linked to their very different nutrient exposures.

scholarly journals Strategic Tools in Regenerative and Translational Dentistry

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tatullo ◽  
Bruna Codispoti ◽  
Francesco Paduano ◽  
Manuel Nuzzolese ◽  
Irina Makeeva
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Clear Point ◽  
Regenerative Ability ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Human oral-derived stem cells can be easily obtained from several oral tissues, such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament, from gingiva, or periapical cysts. Due to their differentiation potential, oral-derived mesenchymal stem cells are promising for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The regenerative ability showed by some oral tissues strongly depends on their sleeping adult stem cell populations that are able to repair small defects and to manage local inflammation. To date, researchers are working on effective and efficient methods to ensure safe and predictable protocols to translate stem cell research into human models. In the last decades, the challenge has been to finally use oral-derived stem cells together with biomaterials or scaffold-free techniques, to obtain strategic tools for regenerative and translational dentistry. This paper aims to give a clear point of view on state of the art developments, with some exciting insights into future strategies.

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