scholarly journals Parasitic helminth infections in humans modulate Trefoil Factor levels in a manner dependent on the species of parasite and age of the host

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde Adewale ◽  
Christopher F. Pastore ◽  
Heather L. Rossi ◽  
Li-Yin Hung ◽  
Jeff Bethony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Trefoil Factor Family ◽  
And Control

Helminth infections, including hookworms and Schistosomes, can cause severe disability and death. Infection management and control would benefit from identification of biomarkers for early detection and prognosis. While animal models suggest that Trefoil Factor Family proteins (TFF2 and TFF3) and interleukin-33 (IL-33)-driven type 2 immune responses are critical mediators of tissue repair and worm clearance in the context of hookworm infection, very little is known about how they are modulated in the context of human helminth infection. We measured TFF2, TFF3, and IL-33 levels in serum from patients in Brazil infected with Hookworm and/or Schistosomes, and compared them to endemic and non-endemic controls. TFF2 was specifically elevated by Hookworm infection, not Schistosoma or co-infection. This elevation was more strongly correlated with age than with worm burden. To determine if this might apply more broadly to other species or regions, we measured TFFs and cytokine levels in both the serum and urine of Nigerian school children infected with S. haematobium. We found that serum levels of TFF2 and 3 were reduced by infection, but urine cytokine levels were increased (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-13, and IL-10). Finally, to determine if TFF2 and 3 might have immunosuppressive effects, we treated stimulated or unstimulated PMBCs with recombinant human TFF2 or TFF3 and measured proinflammatory cytokine levels. We found that rhTFF2, but not rhTFF3, was able to suppress TNF alpha and IFN gamma release from stimulated human PMBCs. Taken together, these data support a role for TFF proteins in human helminth infection.

scholarly journals Parasitic helminth infections in humans modulate Trefoil Factor levels in a manner dependent on the species of parasite and age of the host

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0009550
Author(s):  
Babatunde Adewale ◽  
Jonathan R. Heintz ◽  
Christopher F. Pastore ◽  
Heather L. Rossi ◽  
Li-Yin Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
And Control

Helminth infections, including hookworms and Schistosomes, can cause severe disability and death. Infection management and control would benefit from identification of biomarkers for early detection and prognosis. While animal models suggest that Trefoil Factor Family proteins (TFF2 and TFF3) and interleukin-33 (IL-33) -driven type 2 immune responses are critical mediators of tissue repair and worm clearance in the context of hookworm infection, very little is known about how they are modulated in the context of human helminth infection. We measured TFF2, TFF3, and IL-33 levels in serum from patients in Brazil infected with Hookworm and/or Schistosomes, and compared them to endemic and non-endemic controls. TFF2 was specifically elevated by Hookworm infection in females, not Schistosoma or co-infection. This elevation was correlated with age, but not worm burden. TFF3 was elevated by Schistosoma infection and found to be generally higher in females. IL-33 was not significantly altered by infection. To determine if this might apply more broadly to other species or regions, we measured TFFs and cytokine levels (IFNγ, TNFα, IL-33, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-22, and IL-10) in both the serum and urine of Nigerian school children infected with S. haematobium. We found that serum levels of TFF2 and 3 were reduced by infection, likely in an age dependent manner. In the serum, only IL-10 and IL-13 were significantly increased, while in urine IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-22, and IL-10 were significantly increased in by infection. Taken together, these data support a role for TFF proteins in human helminth infection.

scholarly journals Comparation between serum levels of interleukin-33 in children with allergic asthma before and after inhalatory corticosteroid treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Borko Milanovic ◽  
Gordana Vijatov-Djuric ◽  
Jelena Stojcevic-Maletic ◽  
Vesna Stojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Corticosteroid Treatment ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Applied Dose ◽  
And Control

Introduction/Objective. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) has a very significant function in inflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms, but its significance in immunopathogenic mechanisms of different allergic diseases, including allergic asthma (AA), is becoming increasingly emphasized. The objective of the study was to investigate serum levels of IL-33 in children with AA before applying inhalation corticosteroid therapy (ICS Th) and six months after it, correlating the gathered values of IL-33 with some clinical traits of the patient. Methods. The serum value of IL-33 has been determined in 61 children with AA before starting treatment and six months after treatment with ICS Th, and this was repeated in 30 healthy children. Results. Values of IL-33 in serum are significantly higher in children with AA that have not been treated with ICS Th during six months (p = 0.00; p < 0.05), which is also the case when comparing with healthy children (p = 0.00; p < 0.05). Serum values of IL-33 in children with AA after six months of ICS Th and in healthy children do not show significant difference (p = 0.88; p > 0.05). The correlation between serum values of IL-33 before applying ICS Th and the severity, degree of AA control, and the applied dose of ICS Th is statistically significant and positive. Conclusion. IL-33 values in the serum are significantly higher in children with untreated AA in those with poorly controlled AA. Six-month treatment with ICS Th leads to significant reduction of IL-33 serum levels, whose values are in positive correlation with the severity and control of AA.

scholarly journals Tests for Serum Levels of Trefoil Factor Family Proteins Can Improve Gastric Cancer Screening

2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 837-845.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Aikou ◽  
Yasukazu Ohmoto ◽  
Toshiaki Gunji ◽  
Nobuyuki Matsuhashi ◽  
Hiroshi Ohtsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Trefoil Factor ◽  
Trefoil Factor Family ◽  
Gastric Cancer Screening

The relationship between helminth infections and low haemoglobin levels in Ethiopian children with blood type A

2016 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Degarege ◽  
Y. Yimam ◽  
P. Madhivanan ◽  
B. Erko
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Type A ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Hookworm Infection ◽  
Relative Odds ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Abo Blood Type

AbstractThe current study was conducted to evaluate the nature of association of ABO blood type with helminth infection and related reduction in haemoglobin concentration. Stool samples were collected from 403 school-age children attending Tikur Wuha Elementary School from February to April 2011. Helminth infection was examined using formol-ether concentration and thick Kato–Katz (two slides per stool specimen) techniques. Haemoglobin level was determined using a HemoCue machine and ABO blood type was determined using the antisera haemagglutination test. Nutritional status was assessed using height and weight measurements. Out of 403 children examined, 169, 120, 96 and 18 had blood type O, A, B and AB, respectively. The prevalences of helminth infections were 46.9% for hookworm, 24.6% forSchistosoma mansoni, 4.2% forAscaris lumbricoides, 1.7% forTrichuris trichiuraand 58.3% for any helminth species. The relative odds of infection with at least one helminth species was significantly higher among children with blood type A (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28–3.45) or blood type B (AOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.22–3.56) as compared to children with blood type O. Among children infected with helminths, mean haemoglobin concentration was lower in those with blood type A than those with blood type O (β, −0.36; 95% CI, −0.72 to −0.01). The relative odds of hookworm infection (AOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.08–2.92) and related reduction in haemogobin levels (β, −0.45; 95% CI, −0.84 to −0.04) was higher among children with blood type A as compared to those with blood type O. Although the difference was not significant, the relative odds ofS. mansoniorA. lumbricoidesinfections and related reduction in haemoglobin levels was also higher in children with blood type A or B as compared to children with blood type O. In conclusion, children with blood type A are associated with an increased risk of helminth, particularly hookworm, infection and related reduction in haemoglobin level. The mechanisms by which blood type A makes children susceptible to helminth infection and a related reduction in haemoglobin level ought to be investigated.

IL-10-592 A/C Gene Polymorphism and Cytokine Levels are Associated with Susceptibility to Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-112
Author(s):  
Atefeh SADEGHI SHERMEH ◽  
Majid KHOSHMIRSAFA ◽  
Ali-Akbar DELBANDI ◽  
Payam TABARSI ◽  
Esmaeil MORTAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Function

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) and especially resistant forms of it have a substantial economic burden on the community health system for diagnosis and treatment each year. Thus, investigation of this field is a priority for the world health organization (WHO). Cytokines play important roles in the relationship between the immune system and tuberculosis. Genetic variations especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) impact cytokine levels and function against TB. Material and Methods: In this research SNPs in IFN-γ (+874 T/A) and IL-10 (-592 A/C) genes, and the effects of these SNPs on cytokine levels in a total of 87 tuberculosis patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were studied. TB patients divided into two groups: 1) 67 drug-sensitive (DS-TB) and 2) 20 drug-resistant (DR-TB) according to drug sensitivity test using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For the genotyping of two SNPs, the PCR-based method was used and IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were measured by ELISA in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and control group. Results: In -592A/C SNP, only two genotypes (AA, AC) were observed and both genotypes showed statistically significant differences between DR-TB and HCs (p=0.011). IL-10 serum levels in PTB patients were higher than HCs (p=0.02). The serum levels of IFN-γ were significantly higher in DS-TB patients than that of the other two groups (p<0.001); however, no significant differences were observed for allele and genotype frequencies in IFN-γ +874. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the SNP at -592 position of IL-10 gene may be associated with the susceptibility to DR-TB. However, further investigation is necessary. Keywords: Polymorphism, IFN-γ, IL-10, tuberculosis, drug-resistant tuberculosis

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