scholarly journals COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics Underlying Epidemic Waves in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel P C Brand ◽  
John Ojal ◽  
Rabia Aziza ◽  
Vincent Were ◽  
Emelda Okiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Population Exposure ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
The Third ◽  
Contact Rates ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fourth Wave

Policy decisions on COVID-19 interventions should be informed by a local, regional and national understanding of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Epidemic waves may result when restrictions are lifted or poorly adhered to, variants with new phenotypic properties successfully invade, or when infection spreads to susceptible sub-populations. Three COVID-19 epidemic waves have been observed in Kenya. Using a mechanistic mathematical model we explain the first two distinct waves by differences in contact rates in high and low social-economic groups, and the third wave by the introduction of a new higher-transmissibility variant. Reopening schools led to a minor increase in transmission between the second and third waves. Our predictions of current population exposure in Kenya (~75% June 1st) have implications for a fourth wave and future control strategies.

A philosophical critique of Feminism : From the third wave to the fourth wave

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Mohammed Xolile Ntshangase
Keyword(s):  
Hate Speech ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
The Third ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The World ◽  
Good Movement ◽  
Fourth Wave

Feminism has been a good movement with the noble aim of freeing the world from the shackles of an evil superiority of men over women. The principal of feminism as a movement was political equality between men and women. In itself, it was a fair and just course such that it was inclusive of men as well, men were also part of the movement with no insults, threats, and hate speech. But in this technological era some impurities have also crept into it. From the third wave of feminism which is also known as GRRRL feminism which turned the offensive names into jokes and somehow normal to be pronounced in public, things became no longer about equality and respect of humanity. As feminism grew, it became less critical and became more sensitive towards emotions and uncritical amassment of followers. To some extent, being critical about feminism is unacceptable because someone becomes quickly accused of being patriarchal and antifeminism. Indeed, patriarchy is a negative and destructive idea perpetrated by those who were suffering from testosteron-epowersyndrome . But, when some thinkers like Valenti, Arndt, and Harrow have identified the syndrome and implemented some medication to it, others inject the other side with similarly fatal ideas. I call those ideas Oestrgoen-powersyndrome because they make their victims think that with collapse of patriarchy, men should be disgraced and be made to feel not existentially necessary. Symptoms of this syndrome start from no more knowing that hating the other sex is wrong and should not be promoted. Writers like Annapuranny and Jansen even perpetrate non progressive talks like “what’s wrong with hating men”, “the world would be better off without men” and many phrases of such destructive nature. But the issue which this paper seeks to address is that there is no philosopher who has critically tackled this matter. In fact, some African philosophers rather reject the whole feminism movement as non-African. Using analytical framework, this research ventures into critical analysis of this issue of feminist extremism coupled with the silence of African philosophers.

scholarly journals Change in profile of COVID-19 deaths in the Western Cape during the fourth wave

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masudah Paleker ◽  
Mary-Ann Davies ◽  
Peter Raubenheimer ◽  
Jonathan Naude ◽  
Andrew Boulle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
The Third ◽  
Routinely Collected Data ◽  
Bulk Oxygen ◽  
Fourth Wave

Fewer COVID-19 deaths have been reported in this fourth wave, with clinicians reporting less admissions due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia when compared to previous waves. We therefore aimed to rapidly compare the profile of deaths in wave 4 with wave 3 using routinely collected data on admissions to public sector hospitals in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Findings show that there have been fewer COVID-19 pneumonia deaths in the Omicron-driven fourth wave compared to the third wave, which confirms anecdotal reports and lower bulk oxygen consumption by hospitals in the province.

scholarly journals A Data Driven Analysis and Forecast of COVID-19 Dynamics during the Third Wave Using SIRD Model in Bangladesh

COVID ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-517
Author(s):  
Omar Faruk ◽  
Suman Kar
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

In this study, we developed a compartmental SIRD model to analyze and forecast the transmission dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh during the third wave caused by the Indian delta variant. With the help of the nonlinear system of differential equations, this model can analyze the trends and provide reliable predictions regarding how the epidemic would evolve. The basic reproduction number regarding the pandemic has been determined analytically. The parameters used in this model have been estimated by fitting our model to the reported data for the months of May, June, and July 2021 and the goodness of fit of the parameter’s value has been found by the respective regression coefficients. Further, we conducted a sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number and observed that decreasing the transmission rate is the most significant factor in disease prevention. Our proposed model’s appropriateness for the available COVID-19 data in Bangladesh has been demonstrated through numerical simulations. According to the numerical simulation, it is evident that a rise in the transmission rate leads to a significant increase in the infected number of the population. Numerical simulations have also been performed by using our proposed model to forecast the future transmission dynamics for COVID-19 over a longer period of time. Knowledge of these forecasts may help the government in adopting appropriate measures to prepare for unforeseen situations that may arise in Bangladesh as well as to minimize detrimental impacts during the outbreak.

scholarly journals The Mothers, Daughters, Sisters: The Intergenerational Transmission of Womanhood in Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale and The Testaments

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Ewelina Feldman Kołodziejuk
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Feminist Movement ◽  
Third Wave Feminism ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Women's Liberation Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
Second Wave

The article reads The Handmaid’s Tale and The Testaments as a response to changes in the feminist movement. Less radical than their mothers’ generation, second-wave feminists’ daughters often abandoned the struggle for equality and focused on homemaking. Nevertheless, the 1990s saw a resurgence of the women’s liberation movement known as the third wave. These feminism(s) significantly redefined the notion of womanhood and emphasised the diversity of the female. After 2010, critics argue, third-wave feminism entered the fourth wave. This analysis of The Handmaid’s Tale focuses on Offred’s relationship with her mother, which is representative of the wider phenomenon of the Backlash. It investigates how the mother and her generation influenced the maternal choices of the Handmaid and discusses the trauma of child removal suffered by Offred. The final section examines The Testaments through the lens of third-wave feminism and analyzes the plight of Offred’s daughters, focusing on their attitudes towards womanhood and maternity.

scholarly journals Analisis Historis terhadap Teologi Gerakan Pentakostalisme

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Sutoyo
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Charismatic Movement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pentecostal Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to explain the historical developments, doctrines and behaviors that appear in every Pentecostal movement, so that we can distinguish between the First Wave movement, the Classical Pentecost, the Second Wave Movement, the Charismatic Movement, the Third Wave Movement, the Sign Movement and the Miracles, and Fourth Wave Movement, New Apostolic Reformation Movement (NAR). The method in this study is the study of historical analysis on the history of the development of each wave movement Pentecostalism. Through the analysis it is concluded that every wave of the Pentecostal movement is a movement that comes from God, through the work of His Holy Spirit. Although in practice there is a distorted phenomenon, but can not be generalized and then assume everything is heretical.Abstrak. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan, doktrin dan perilaku yang muncul setiap gerakan Pentakostalisme, sehingga kita dapat membedakan antara gerakan Gelombang Pertama, Pentakosta Klasik, Gerkan Gelombang Kedua, Gerakan Kharismatik, Gerakan Gelombang Ketiga, Gerakan Tanda-tanda dan Mujizat-mujizat, dan Gerakan Gelombang Keempat, Gerakan New Apostolic Reformation (NAR). Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian analisis historis terhadap sejarah perkembangan setiap gerakan gelombang Pentakostalisme. Melalui analisis tersebut disimpulkan bahwa setiap gelombang gerakan Pentakostalisme adalah sebuah gerakan yang berasal dari Tuhan, melalui karya Roh Kudus-Nya. Meskipun dalam praktiknya ditemukan fenomena yang menyimpang, namun tidak dapat digeneralisasikan dan kemudian menganggap semuanya sesat.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Complexities in Indian Feminism

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
Dr. Mudasir Ahmad Gori
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian Women ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Eclectic Approach ◽  
Fourth Wave

The paper aims to highlight the complexities that are dominant in Indian society. The variety of issues that makes Indian feminism different from western feminism is also explored. The present paper presents a brief overview of western feminism, however, a large portion discuss the Indian feministic concerns and issue. The paper is not limited to any particular writer or writing of an author but it is an eclectic approach to present the subtle difficulties of Indian feminism in the best possible way. The focus is largely on the third and fourth wave of feminism. Giving the increasing insecurities of women even in this digital era, the paper therefore is a humble effort in that direction to bring some of the merging issues and concerns of women in general and Indian women in particular to the forefront. An eclectic approach has been used for the evaluation of the issues and concerns therefore the paper highlights various feministic issues like cultural social, economic individual, Islamic etc. associated with different branches of feminism.

scholarly journals Pandemic fatigue impedes mitigation of COVID-19 in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanwei Du ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Songwei Shan ◽  
Dickson Lam ◽  
Tim Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Fourth Wave ◽  
Protective Behaviours

Abstract Community-wide social distancing has been a cornerstone of pandemic control prior to mass vaccinations. The extent to which pandemic fatigue is undermining adherence to such measures and accelerating transmission remains unclear. Using large-scale weekly telephone surveys and mobility data, we characterize the evolution of risk perception and protective behaviours in Hong Kong. We estimate a 1.5% to 5.5% reduction in population compliance with protective policies for the fourth wave (October 2020 to January 2021) versus the third wave (July to August 2020), inducing prolonged disease circulation with increased infections. Mathematical models incorporating population protective behaviours estimates that the fourth wave would have been 14% smaller if not for pandemic fatigue. Mitigating pandemic fatigue is essential in maintaining population protective behaviours for controlling COVID-19.

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