scholarly journals Pathogenic and transcriptomic differences of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Syrian golden hamster model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle L O'Donnell ◽  
Amanda N Pinski ◽  
Chad S Clancy ◽  
Tylisha Gourdine ◽  
Kyle Shifflett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Ancestral Virus ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Humoral Responses ◽  
The Impact

Following the discovery of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its rapid spread throughout the world, new viral variants of concern (VOC) have emerged. There is a critical need to understand the impact of the emerging variants on host response and disease dynamics to facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics. Syrian golden hamsters are the leading small animal model that recapitulates key aspects of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we show that intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 into hamsters with the ancestral virus (nCoV-WA1-2020) or VOC first identified in the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7) and South Africa (B.1.351) led to similar gross and histopathologic pulmonary lesions. Although differences in viral genomic copy numbers were noted in the lungs and oral swabs of challenged animals, infectious titers in the lungs were comparable. Antibody neutralization capacities varied, dependent on the original challenge virus and cross-variant protective capacity. Transcriptional profiling indicated significant induction of antiviral pathways in response to all three challenges with a more robust inflammatory signature in response to B.1.1.7. Furthermore, no additional mutations in the spike protein were detected at peak disease. In conclusion, the emerging VOC showed distinct humoral responses and transcriptional profiles in the hamster model compared to the ancestral virus.

Particularities of the independent auditor's report on reliability of accounting (financial) statements for 2019: COVID-19 as qualitatively essential information (Part 2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
O.I. Shvyreva ◽  
Z.I. Kruglyak ◽  
A.V. Petukh
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Annual Reporting ◽  
The Face ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the practice of financial reporting in the face of uncertainties caused by the coronavirus contagion, as well as the specifics of the audit strategy and formation of an audit opinion on this reporting. Objectives. The article aims to identify the quality characteristics of financial reporting prepared in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and justify the key aspects of assurance engagement completion in an extremely uncertain epidemiological and economic situation. Methods. For the study, we used an abstract-logical method, content analysis techniques, systematization, and classification. Results. Analyzing the impact of the extremely uncertain epidemiological and economic situation on financial statements, the article clarifies aspects of disclosure of events after the reporting date and threats to business continuity in the annual reporting of economic entities. The article identifies possible alternative procedures and algorithms to obtain proper evidence when it is insufficient in the face of the inability to meet certain audit standards requirements in a remote audit environment. The article defines the impact of COVID-19 risk disclosure on the structure of the audit report and opinion. Relevance. The results of the study can be used in the practical activities of economic entities that prepare financial statements in the face of significant uncertainty, as well as auditors and audit organizations.

Problems with the Interpretation of the “Slovak Reformation”

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-318
Author(s):  
Eva Kowalská
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Vernacular Language ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Reformation Movement ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractStructural problems of communities affected by the “Slovak Reformation,” issues with accepting the situation or simply the relationships among various cultural phenomena, like literacy or language policies, are key aspects in studying the impact of the Reformation in Hungary, especially with respect to Slovaks. Information gathered from the Reformation had a direct and long-lasting impact on the formation of vernacular language, as well as on the search for and the construction of an ethnic identity. Searching for evidence left by the Slovak presence in the Reformation movement thus presents challenging though notable problems for Slovak historiography. The confessional division and its political as well as cultural implications have evoked long-lasting discussions among historians as well as politicians. This study focuses on the most relevant issues within these processes.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling of Porcine Blastocysts Produced In Vitro in a Chemically Defined Culture Medium

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Josep M. Cambra ◽  
Emilio A. Martinez ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez ◽  
Maria A. Gil ◽  
Cristina Cuello
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Defined Culture ◽  
The Impact

The development of chemically defined media is a growing trend in in vitro embryo production (IVP). Recently, traditional undefined culture medium with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been successfully replaced by a chemically defined medium using substances with embryotrophic properties such as platelet factor 4 (PF4). Although the use of this medium sustains IVP, the impact of defined media on the embryonic transcriptome has not been fully elucidated. This study analyzed the transcriptome of porcine IVP blastocysts, cultured in defined (PF4 group) and undefined media (BSA group) by microarrays. In vivo-derived blastocysts (IVV group) were used as a standard of maximum embryo quality. The results showed no differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the PF4 and BSA groups. However, a total of 2780 and 2577 DEGs were detected when comparing the PF4 or the BSA group with the IVV group, respectively. Most of these genes were common in both in vitro groups (2132) and present in some enriched pathways, such as cell cycle, lysosome and/or metabolic pathways. These results show that IVP conditions strongly affect embryo transcriptome and that the defined culture medium with PF4 is a guaranteed replacement for traditional culture with BSA.

scholarly journals A Monte Carlo Determination of Dose and Range Uncertainties for Preclinical Studies with a Proton Beam

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1889
Author(s):  
Arthur Bongrand ◽  
Charbel Koumeir ◽  
Daphnée Villoing ◽  
Arnaud Guertin ◽  
Ferid Haddad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Proton Beam ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Normal Tissue Damage ◽  
Dose Homogeneity ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Proton therapy (PRT) is an irradiation technique that aims at limiting normal tissue damage while maintaining the tumor response. To study its specificities, the ARRONAX cyclotron is currently developing a preclinical structure compatible with biological experiments. A prerequisite is to identify and control uncertainties on the ARRONAX beamline, which can lead to significant biases in the observed biological results and dose–response relationships, as for any facility. This paper summarizes and quantifies the impact of uncertainty on proton range, absorbed dose, and dose homogeneity in a preclinical context of cell or small animal irradiation on the Bragg curve, using Monte Carlo simulations. All possible sources of uncertainty were investigated and discussed independently. Those with a significant impact were identified, and protocols were established to reduce their consequences. Overall, the uncertainties evaluated were similar to those from clinical practice and are considered compatible with the performance of radiobiological experiments, as well as the study of dose–response relationships on this proton beam. Another conclusion of this study is that Monte Carlo simulations can be used to help build preclinical lines in other setups.

Small animal Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
Alex Gough
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Shock Index ◽  
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema ◽  
The Impact

Summary In this month's Small Animal Review, we summarise three recently published papers from other veterinary journals. The papers for this issue explore the impact of open registries on inbreeding, in the working Australian Kelpie population particularly, and the impact of vehicle trauma on the canine shock index, as well as the potential role for lung ultrasound in monitoring for cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in dogs being treated for left-sided congestive heart failure.

scholarly journals Coronavirus, the great toilet paper panic and civilisation

Thesis Eleven ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 072551362110331
Author(s):  
Jon Stratton
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Social Breakdown ◽  
Toilet Paper ◽  
Western Civilisation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

Panic buying of toilet rolls in Australia began in early March 2020. This was related to the realisation that the novel coronavirus was spreading across the country. To the general population the impact of the virus was unknown. Gradually the federal government started closing the country’s borders. The panic buying of toilet rolls was not unique to Australia. It happened across all societies that used toilet paper rather than water to clean after defecation and urination. However, research suggests that the panic buying was most extreme in Australia. This article argues that the panic buying was closely linked to everyday notions of Western civilisation. Pedestal toilets and toilet paper are key aspects of civilisation and the fear of the loss of toilet paper is connected to anxiety about social breakdown, the loss of civilisation. This is the fear manifested in the perceived threat posed by the virus.

Analysing the Residential Market in Trójmiasto Using Self-Organizing Map

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgun Aydin ◽  
Krystian Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Residential Property ◽  
Self Organizing Map ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Residential Properties ◽  
Price Trends ◽  
Residential Market ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Organizing

Although the residential property market has strong connections with various sectors, such as construction, logistics, and investment, it works through different dynamics than do other markets; thus, it can be analysed from various perspectives. Researchers and investors are mostly interested in price trends, the impact of external factors on residential property prices, and price prediction. When analysing price trends, it is beneficial to consider multidimensional data that contain attributes of residential properties, such as number of rooms, number of bathrooms, floor number, total floors, and size, as well as proximity to public transport, shops, and banks. Knowing a neighbourhood's key aspects and properties could help investors, real estate development companies, and people looking to buy or rent properties to investigate similar neighbourhoods that may have unusual price trends. In this study, the self-organizing map method was applied to residential property listings in the Trójmiasto area of Poland, where the residential market has recently been quite active. The study aims to group together neighbourhoods and subregions to find similarities between them in terms of price trends and stock. Moreover, this study presents relationships between attributes of residential properties.

Succession and Governance Across Generations: A Comparative Study of the United States and Italy

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Alberto Zanzi ◽  
Colette Dumas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Business Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Italian Family ◽  
Management Succession ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact

This comparative study of American and Italian family-owned firms focuses on two key aspects of family business management: succession and governance. This study also explored the impact of generation on these variables.

Impact of an educational workshop upon psychiatrists’ attitudes towards delirium care

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
N. A. O’Regan ◽  
M. M. Mohamad ◽  
D. J. Meagher
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Bedside Test ◽  
Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Hypoactive Delirium ◽  
Perceived Relevance ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Educational Workshop

ObjectivesImproving knowledge about delirium care is a key target for health care. We describe the implementation of a four-part workshop focusing upon key aspects of delirium care.MethodsAttitudes towards and understanding of delirium diagnosis and management amongst psychiatrists were surveyed before and immediately after an educational workshop.ResultsThere were 62 participants. Pre-workshop, delirium was rated highly relevant to psychiatry. Overall level of confidence in diagnosis was modest, with the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia considered the most challenging differential diagnosis. Only nine participants (15%) correctly identified DSM-5 delirium criteria. Preferred assessment of attention varied with six different approaches endorsed. Confidence was higher for managing hyperactive compared with hypoactive delirium (p<0.001). Pharmacotherapy was more frequently endorsed for hyperactive compared with hypoactive presentations, with haloperidol the most popular agent (p<0.001). A total of 41 (66%) participants completed post-workshop assessments. Post-workshop, there were significant increases to the perceived relevance of delirium (p = 0.003), confidence in overall diagnosis (p<0.001) accuracy of awareness of DSM-5 criteria (p<0.001), and confidence in treating different presentations (p<0.001). The Months Backward Test was the preferred bedside test of attention (38/40 respondents).ConclusionsThis interactive educational intervention impacted positively upon knowledge and attitudes amongst psychiatrists towards key aspects of delirium care. Further investigation can examine the impact upon longer term knowledge and behaviour.

scholarly journals Evaluación cualitativa de un programa de intervención psicológica con hombres violentos dentro de la pareja

2011 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Santiago Boira Sarto ◽  
Yolanda López del Hoyo ◽  
Lucía Tomás Aragonés ◽  
Ana Rosa Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Discussion Groups ◽  
Prison Sentence ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Assessment Strategies ◽  
The Impact

La tardía implantación en España de programas de intervención con hombres maltratadores enfatiza la necesidad de desarrollar investigaciones que maximicen la eficacia de los tratamientos. Hasta el momento, han sido escasos los estudios publicados que evalúen las variables relacionadas con la permanencia o el abandono del tratamiento y su eficacia, y todavía más escasos los que han estudiado este tema desde un punto de vista cualitativo. El objetivo del estudio es identificar aspectos clave en los programas de intervención que puedan mejorar la eficacia de los tratamientos para hombres condenados por un delito de violencia de género a los que se les ha suspendido o sustituido la ejecución de la pena de prisión por la realización del programa terapéutico. Para ello se ha analizado cualitativamente la información obtenida en dos grupos de discusión formados por los psicólogos que aplicaron el programa y distribuidos según el tipo de terapia, individual o grupal.Los resultados reflejan la conveniencia de considerar la especificidad de este contexto de intervención en el diseño de los programas y en la evaluación. Deberán mejorarse las estrategias que aumenten la motivación, la alianza terapéutica y la adherencia de los hombres al tratamiento. Además habrá que ampliar las estrategias de evaluación para que ofrezcan una información cualitativamente diferente y permitan una valoración global del impacto del tratamiento y el riesgo para la víctima.The late implementation in Spain of intervention programmes for male abusers stresses the need to carry out research that can maximise the effectiveness of such treatment. Up till now, very few studies have been published that assess the variables relating to the continuation or abandonment of the treatment and its efficiency, and there are even fewer studies that examine this subject from a qualitative standpoint. The object of the study is to identify key aspects in the intervention programmes that can enhance the efficiency of the treatment offered to men that have been convicted for a crime involving domestic violence, and who have had their prison sentence suspended or commuted to a programme entailing therapy. With this aim in mind, a qualitative analysis is conducted of the data obtained in two discussion groups formed by psychologists who applied the programme and who are distributed in accordance with the type of therapy �individual or group-oriented� they administered.The findings reflect the convenience of considering the specifics of this context of intervention in the design of such programmes, along with their assessment. Strategies should be improved to enhance motivation, and also to strengthen the therapeutic alliance and ensure that the men stick to the treatment. We will also have to broaden our assessment strategies so that they offer data that is qualitatively different and can enable an overall assessment to be made of the impact of the treatment and the risk to the victim.

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