scholarly journals Viral receptor profiles of masked palm civet revealed by single-cell transcriptomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Chen ◽  
Zhihua Ou ◽  
Haoyu Wang ◽  
Yanan Zhang ◽  
Jiacheng Zhu ◽  
...  

Civets are small mammals belonging to the family Viverridae. The masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) served as an intermediate host in the bat-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003. Because of their unique role in the SARS outbreak, civets were suspected as a potential intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological pathogen of the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides their susceptibility to coronaviruses, civets can also be infected by other viruses, such as canine distemper viruses, parvoviruses, influenza viruses, etc. Regarding the ecological and economical role of civets, it is vital to evaluate the potential threats from different pathogens to these animals. Receptor binding is a necessary step for virus entry into host cells. Understanding the distribution of receptors of various viruses provides hints to their potential tissue tropisms. Herein, we characterized the cell atlas of five important organs (the frontal lobe, lung, liver, spleen and kidney) of masked palm civets (Paguma larvata) and described the expression profiles of receptor associated genes of 132 viruses from 25 families, including 16 viruses from 10 families reported before that can attack civets and 116 viruses with little infection record.

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Md. Sirazul Islam ◽  
F. M. Yasir Hasib ◽  
Chandan Nath ◽  
Jahan Ara ◽  
Mong Sing Nu ◽  
...  

In the 21st century, the world has been plagued by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus of the family Coronaviridae epidemiologically suspected to be linked to a wet market in Wuhan, China. The involvement of wildlife and wet markets with the previous outbreaks simultaneously has been brought into sharp focus. Although scientists are yet to ascertain the host range and zoonotic potential of SARS-CoV-2 rigorously, information about its two ancestors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), is a footprint for research on COVID-19. A 96% genetic similarity with bat coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 indicates that the bat might be a potential reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 just like SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, where civets and dromedary camels are considered the potential intermediate host, respectively. Perceiving the genetic similarity between pangolin coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2, many scientists also have given the scheme that the pangolin might be the intermediate host. The involvement of SARS-CoV-2 with other animals, such as mink, snake, and turtle has also been highlighted in different research articles based on the interaction between the key amino acids of S protein in the receptor-binding domain and angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). This study highlights the potential animal reservoirs of SARS-CoV-2 and the role of wildlife in the COVID-19 pandemic. Although different causes, such as recurring viral genome recombination, wide genetic assortment, and irksome food habits, have been blamed for this emergence, basic research studies and literature reviews indicate an enormous consortium between humans and animals for the COVID-19 pandemic.


2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Abid ◽  
T. Azeem ◽  
W. Ahmad ◽  
Z.I. Chaudhry ◽  
S. Umar

Author(s):  
Zhi Li ◽  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Shuaiyang Zhao ◽  
Quanying Ma ◽  
Aihong Liu ◽  
...  

Tropical theileriosis is the disease caused by tick-transmitted apicomplexan parasite Theileria annulata, which has ability to transform bovine leukocytes, including B cells, macrophage cells, and dendritic cells. The T. annulata transformed cells are characterized as uncontrolled proliferation and shared some cancer-like phenotypes. The mechanism of the transformation by T. annulata is still not understood well. In previous reports, the subtelomere-encoded variable secreted proteins (SVSP) of T. parva were considered to contribute to phenotypic changes of the host cell, but the role of SVSP of T. annulata in host-pathogen relationship remains unknown. In the present study, a member of SVSP family, TA05575 of T. annulata was selected as the target molecule to analyze its expression profiles in different life cycle stages of T. annulata by qPCR and investigate its subcellular distribution of different passages of T. annulata transformed cells using confocal experiments. From the results, the transcription level of TA05575 at schizont stage was significantly higher than the other two life stages of T. annulata, and the protein of TA05575 was mainly distributed in nucleus of T. annulata infected cells. In addition, the potential proteins of host cells interacting with TA05575 were screened by Yeast-two hybrid system. The results of Co-IP experiment confirmed that TA05575 interacted with RBMX2-like protein that participated in transcription regulation of cells. In addition, a novel BiFC assay and flow cytometry were carried out, and the results further revealed that TA05575-RBMX2-like pair was directly interacted in cell context. Moreover, this interacting pair was found to distribute in intracellular compartments of HEK293T cells by using confocal microscopy. The results of the present study suggest that TA05575 may contribute for cells transformation due its distribution. According to the function of RBMX2, the interaction of TA05575 and RMMX2-like will provide a new information to further understand the mechanisms of cells transformation by T. annulata.


2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
S.A. Abid ◽  
T. Azeem ◽  
W. Ahmad ◽  
Z.I. Chaudhry ◽  
S. Umar

Author(s):  
Marta Asís Loureiro

Abstract.FAMILY-SCHOOL RELATIONSHIP: EDUCATION DIVIDED OR SHARED?The family has an essential and unique role in the life of any human being and the school an important unique role in the education of any individual. Both the family and the school have suffered intense transformations, so the problem of the family-school relationship continues to be studied, in which everybody seems to recognize the important role of this relationship in education, development and school success of the students, although with different perspectives. Factors socio-economic and demographic dimensions, in Portugal and in the world, have led us to profound changes in families and education, to a both of which have contributed to the school taking on new responsibilities, among which the "substitution" of the family. This interaction can range from deep nonchalance to more active participation of each of the parties. But both have two characteristics in common: the dynamics in acting and their decisive influence on children and adolescents. The big challenge you have to face is cooperation between them, as a "pair of sharing and learning", deserving of a continuous reflection to understand what factors contribute to fail sometimes. We must continue to study and propose alternatives for joint interventions among the family, the current issues of society and our children and adolescents.Keywords: Family; School; Family-School Relation; Educational Practices; Strategies and Obstacles.Resumo.A família tem um papel essencial e único na vida de qualquer ser humano e a escola uma importancia ímpar na instrução de qualquer indivíduo. Tanto a família como a escola têm sofrido intensas transformações, pelo que a problemática da relação família-escola continua a ser alvo de estudos, em que todos parecem reconhecer o importante papel desta relação na educação, no desenvolvimento e sucesso escolar dos alunos embora, ainda, com diferentes perspectivas entre si. Factores diversos de ordem socioeconómica e demográfica, em Portugal e no mundo, nos têm levado a assistir a profundas mudanças nas famílias e na educação, que conduziram a grandes alterações em ambas e que têm contribuído para que escola vá assumindo novas responsabilidades, entre as quais a de “suplência” da família. Esta interacção pode ir do alheamento profundo à participação mais activa de cada uma das partes. Mas ambas têm duas características em comum: a dinâmica no agir e a sua decisiva influência nas crianças e adolescentes. O grande desafio que têm que enfrentar é o da cooperação entre ambas, enquanto “dupla de partilhas e de aprendizagens”, merecedora de uma contínua reflexão para compreendermos que factores contribuem para que, por vezes, esta cooperação falhe. Há que continuar a estudar e a propor alternativas de intervenções conjuntas entre família- escola, perante as actuais questões da sociedade e das nossas crianças e adolescentes.Palavras-chave: Família; Escola; Relação Família-Escola; Práticas Educativas; Estratégias e Obstáculos.


Author(s):  
Svitlana Kocherha

The paper deals with empathetic characteristics of Olena Pchilka’s personality in the family letters. The correspondence of the writer’s children, in particular Mychailo and Lesia, contains a number of details for the psychological portrait of Olena Pchilka; it captures her various emotional states and reactions, allows dening the communicative frames that dominated in the family. The researcher traces the formation of a specic Olena Pchilka’s cult, which concerned her roles of a writer, public person, and mother. It is conrmed by numerous enthusiastic and thankful words in the letters of her children. However, the main attention is paid to the synthesis of self-sacrice and authoritarianism in Olena Pchilka’s family pedagogy. Communication at distance between Lesia Ukraiinka and her mother turned into an experiment of modeling the image of a national writer. At the same time, the letters testify to the fact that Olena Pchilka recognised the unique gift and powerful intelligence of her daughter Lesia Ukraiinka. The mother managed to establish quite friendly relations with her elder children, but Pchilka’s desire to control the emotional world of young Kosaches, her insistent interpretation of it, and the fear of other people’s excessive influence on her children caused long-lasting conflicts, accompanied by ‘tactics of silence’. These destructive tactics resulted in emotional traumas, which, in particular, were sublimated in the literary world of Lesia Ukraiinka as a discourse of communicative rupture (“Advocate Martian”, “Johanna, Chusa’s Wife”, “Aisha and Mohammed”, “Babylonian Captivity”, etc.). It should be noted that children tried to tolerate their mother’s dependence on her psychological complexes and insistent self-isolation, understanding the unique role of Olena Pchilka in their personal development.


2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Jessica E. Fellmeth ◽  
Kim S. McKim

Abstract While many of the proteins involved in the mitotic centromere and kinetochore are conserved in meiosis, they often gain a novel function due to the unique needs of homolog segregation during meiosis I (MI). CENP-C is a critical component of the centromere for kinetochore assembly in mitosis. Recent work, however, has highlighted the unique features of meiotic CENP-C. Centromere establishment and stability require CENP-C loading at the centromere for CENP-A function. Pre-meiotic loading of proteins necessary for homolog recombination as well as cohesion also rely on CENP-C, as do the main scaffolding components of the kinetochore. Much of this work relies on new technologies that enable in vivo analysis of meiosis like never before. Here, we strive to highlight the unique role of this highly conserved centromere protein that loads on to centromeres prior to M-phase onset, but continues to perform critical functions through chromosome segregation. CENP-C is not merely a structural link between the centromere and the kinetochore, but also a functional one joining the processes of early prophase homolog synapsis to late metaphase kinetochore assembly and signaling.


1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Harway ◽  
◽  
Nancy Boyd-Franklin ◽  
Robert Geffner ◽  
Marsali Hansen ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivelina Borisova ◽  
Theresa Betancourt ◽  
Wietse Tol ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Mark Jordans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

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