scholarly journals The complexities of inferring symbiont function: Paraburkholderia symbiont dynamics in social amoeba populations and its impact on the amoeba microbiome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G DuBose ◽  
Michael S Robeson ◽  
Mackenzie Hoogshagen ◽  
Hunter Olsen ◽  
Tamara S Haselkorn
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Social Amoeba ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
The Social ◽  
Toxin Degradation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Food Bacteria

The relationship between the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum and its endosymbiotic bacteria Paraburkholderia provides a model system for studying the development of symbiotic relationships. Laboratory experiments have shown that any of three species of Paraburkholderia symbiont allow D. discoideum food bacteria to persist through the amoeba lifecycle and survive in amoeba spores, rather than being fully digested. This phenomenon is termed "farming", as it potentially allows spores dispersed to food poor locations to grow their own. The occurrence and impact of farming in natural populations, however, has been a challenge to measure. Here, we surveyed natural D. discoideum populations and found that only one of the three symbiont species, P. agricolaris, remained prevalent. We then explored the effect of Paraburkholdia on the amoeba microbiome, expecting that by facilitating bacterial food carriage it would diversify the microbiome. Contrary to our expectations, Paraburkholderia tended to infectiously dominate the D. discoideum microbiome, in some cases decreasing diversity. Similarly, we found little evidence for Paraburkholderia facilitating the carriage of particular food bacteria. These findings change our understanding of farming and suggest the possibility that Paraburkholderia could be playing multiple roles for its host, as inferred metagenomic analysis indicates a potential role of P. agricolaris in toxin degradation.

Mediasi Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja pada Hubungan antara Program Jamsostek dan Kinerja Karyawan Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Swasta di DIY dan Solo

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Eny Sulistyowati ◽  
Totok Danangdjojo
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Work Stress ◽  
Program Performance ◽  
Social Security Program ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

<span><em>This study aims to explain the influence of the Social Security </em><span><em>program on performance and job satisfaction and job stress as a mediating </em><span><em>variable. In addition, this study also describes the effect of job satisfaction on </em><span><em>the performance and the effect of work stress on performance. The relationship of </em><span><em>each variable in this research is to be measured by conducting a survey on 145 </em><span><em>employees of private companies that included in Social Security program on </em><span><em>DIY and Solo. Then the path analisys used to test the effect of social security </em><span><em>program performance in mediation by job satisfaction, performance and job stress</em><span><em>, job satisfaction, and examines the effect on the performance and the effect of </em><span><em>work stress on performance. The results showed that the social security program </em><span><em>significant positively affects job satisfaction and performance. Job satisfaction was </em><span><em>also positively and significantly affect performance. Even though mediating role </em><span><em>of job satisfaction in the relationship between social security program performance </em><span><em>partial. Because merely direct relationship between social security program with </em><span><em>greater performance than the mediating role of job satisfaction. Social Security </em><span><em>program did not significantly affect the stress of work, as well as job stress did </em><span><em>not significantly affect performance. Therefore, the mediating role of work stress </em><span><em>on the relationship between social security program with the performance did not </em><span><em>occur. Individual differences and work experience may be a factor that causes no </em><span><em>significant relationship between the two variables.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span>

The Failure of Functional Theologies of Ministry and the Promise of a Relational Alternative

Ecclesiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Graham Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Theology ◽  
Pastoral Ministry ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Theological Method ◽  
Systematic Theology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Practical Ministry ◽  
Pastoral Theory ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe author critiques inductive approaches to pastoral theology that rely on the empirical methodology of the social and human sciences, and presents an alternative Christocentric praxis model of pastoral ministry. The result is an attempt to integrate pastoral theory and practice that shifts the perspective away from functionally-determined theologies of ministry to a relationally oriented and hermeneutically coherent model of orthopraxis in which theory and practice interact in a way that is intended to both deepen faith and transform lives. Some of the key themes that inform the discussion are the importance of theological method, the role of the community as the context for care, the relationship between practical ministry and systematic theology, and the notion of praxis in articulating the nature and scope of practical theology today.

Effects of Natural Variation in Sex Ratio and Habitat Structure On Mate-Guarding Decisions in Amphipods (Crustacea)

Behaviour ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 133 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 985-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaimie T.A. Dick ◽  
Robert W. Elwood
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Mate Guarding ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Female Body Size ◽  
The Social ◽  
Size Assortment ◽  
Assortative Pairing ◽  
Study Species

AbstractWe employed field-based studies, with complementary laboratory-based studies, to investigate social and environmental influences on tactical mate-guarding decisions in amphipods (Crustacea). Firstly, we investigated variation in precopulatory mate-guarding duration in Cammarus duebeni celticus in relation to the social structure of natural populations. Variation in population density of up to two orders of magnitude had no effect on precopula duration, whereas guarding durations increased as the sex ratios of the populations became more male biased. That is, males have some ability to assess the probability of other males taking females into precopula and are prepared to guard for longer as this threat of male: male competition increases. A field demonstration of tactical shifts in reproductive behaviour in response to pertinent social conditions is thus provided. Secondly, the 'habitat segregation' hypothesis, which proposes that positive size-assortative pairing in amphipod populations arises due to variation in the use of micro-habitats, was tested in natural field populations and under laboratory conditions in Echinogammarus marinus. This was necessary in order to distinguish any purely environmental determinants of size-assortment from the role of active decisions by males concerning mate choice and male: male competition. The hypothesis was rejected on the grounds that size-assortative pairing arises under both heterogeneous and homogeneous environmental conditions. Further, in both study species, male and female body size were positively correlated with precopula duration. Thus, indirect competition for access to large, fecund females, based on the timing of male entry into precopula, together with direct aggression, provides the explanation for size-assortative pairing in amphipods.

Study of Consumer Brand Following Intention on Instagram

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Simran Kaur Madan ◽  
Payal S. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Consumer Motivation ◽  
Media Usage ◽  
Consumer Skepticism ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The research, based on uses and gratifications theory, identifies consumer motivation and factors that influence consumers' intention to follow brands on the social media platform of Instagram. Accordingly, this study empirically examines the role of need for self-enhancement, the need for entertainment, and deal-seeking behaviour on the intention to follow brands on Instagram. Further, the study investigates the mediation of social media usage behaviour for consumption decisions on eliciting brand following behaviour. Moderation of consumer skepticism on the relationship of deal-seeking behaviour, and intention to follow brands is also investigated. Findings reveal a significant direct effect of need for self-enhancement, need for entertainment, and deal-seeking behaviour on intention to follow brands. Indirect effect of social media usage behaviour for consumption decisions was also significant; however, moderation of consumer skepticism was not found to be significant. The study will help marketers create engaging content that enables consumer-brand interactions.

Brand and influencer strategies in social media marketing of luxury brands in African cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehita Iqani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Luxury Brands ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Global Brand ◽  
Critical Theories ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article explores the role of social media promotions in the marketing of luxury, from the perspectives of both representatives of global brands and the local influencers contracted to promote them online. It provides insights into role of social media in marketing luxury in ‘new’ markets (African cities) and the complexities attendant to the relationship between brand representatives and influencers. It reports on in-depth interviews with brand representatives and social media influencers working in the luxury sector in large anglophone African cities. Empirical findings show the role of social media in how luxury is promoted by those working in the industry. Three key complexities to do with value, trust and authenticity were evident in how global brand representatives and local influencers discussed social media. In terms of value, influencers emphasize strategies for monetizing visibility, while brand managers emphasize the need to get their money’s worth. Regarding trust, influencers express caution about brands trying to exploit them, while brands express scepticism about the extent of influencer’s abilities. On the topic of authenticity, influencers emphasize how the integrity of their personal brands is paramount, while brand representatives are mostly concerned with how genuine the social media posts seem. The article provides original empirical details about the relationships between brand managers and social media influencers, as well as to the nuances of social media luxury marketing in African cities. It contributes to critical theories of branding practice in media economies of the global south.

scholarly journals INTERCONNECTION OF METACOGNITION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN CHILDHOOD: CULTURAL-HISTORICAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-113
Author(s):  
A.N. Veraksa ◽  
N.E. Veraksa
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The review is devoted to the relationship between executive functions and metacognition in the context of a cultural-historical perspective. On the basis of the research carried out over the past 15 years, the commonality and differences of these constructs are shown. Special attention is paid to the development of executive functions and metacognition, their connection with the academic success of children, the role of the social aspect in their formation. The importance of an adult in the directed formation of metacognition and self-regulation is shown, which confirms the provisions of the cultural-historical theory. Within the framework of the cultural-historical paradigm, several mechanisms for the development of executive functions are considered: imitation based on understanding; sign mediation; as well as communication in a social developmental situation. L.S. Vygotsky noted that higher mental functions arise on the basis of real interactions of people, are interiorized, turning into psychological functions. The review showed that one of the most common models of the structure of executive functions is a model that includes such components as “working memory”, “inhibitory control” and “cognitive flexibility”. Based on the analysis, it is possible to assert the influence of J. Piaget’s concept on the development of executive functions. A certain difficulty is caused by the explanation of emotional regulation in the context of metacognitive problems. At the same time, L.S. Vygotsky spoke about the unity of affect and intellect, which suggests the existence behavioral control and, in particular, of emotional processes at the level of metacognitive processes.

scholarly journals The Influence of Internet and Social Media on Purchasing Decisions in Kuwait

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Khalid Abdulkareem Al-Enezi ◽  
Imad Fakhri Taha Al Shaikhli ◽  
Sufyan Salim Mahmood AlDabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Digital Scanning ◽  
Networking Tool ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

<span>This research aims to measure the role of social networks in influencing purchasing decisions among consumers in Kuwait; the research used the quantitative methods, and analytical the technique to get the results, and the research developed a measure to study the relationship between the variables to the study and selection of a sample of consumers of (100). The results indicated that the social networking variables (exchange of information, evaluation of product) possess influence on purchasing decisions. Furthermore, the results indicate that majority of respondents do their digital scanning more often before intend to go to the store. The unexpected results came from the question “traditional advertising (TV, Newspaper, Magazine, Billboards) are more effective than the social networking; 23% agreed, 36% said no, and 41% said sometimes. In light of these findings, the study made a series of recommendations; the most important are; The executives and sales representatives need to understand the benefits offered by social networks, and understand the advantages and functions and tools of social communication, and knowing how to apply them effectively and efficiently, and then use the appropriate social networking tool.</span>

scholarly journals Language in social reproduction: Sociolinguistics and sociosemiotics

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 43-81
Author(s):  
Patrizia Calefato
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Roman Jakobson ◽  
New Type ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper focuses on the semiotic foundations of sociolinguistics. Starting from the definition of “sociolinguistics” given by the philosopher Adam Schaff, the paper examines in particular the notion of “critical sociolinguistics” as theorized by the Italian semiotician Ferruccio Rossi-Landi. The basis of the social dimension of language are to be found in what Rossi-Landi calls “social reproduction” which regards both verbal and non-verbal signs. Saussure’s notion of langue can be considered in this way, with reference not only to his Course of General Linguistics, but also to his Harvard Manuscripts.The paper goes on trying also to understand Roland Barthes’s provocative definition of semiology as a part of linguistics (and not vice-versa) as well as developing the notion of communication-production in this perspective. Some articles of Roman Jakobson of the sixties allow us to reflect in a manner which we now call “socio-semiotic” on the processes of transformation of the “organic” signs into signs of a new type, which articulate the relationship between organic and instrumental. In this sense, socio-linguistics is intended as being sociosemiotics, without prejudice to the fact that the reference area must be human, since semiotics also has the prerogative of referring to the world of non-human vital signs.Socio-linguistics as socio-semiotics assumes the role of a “frontier” science, in the dual sense that it is not only on the border between science of language and the anthropological and social sciences, but also that it can be constructed in a movement of continual “crossing frontiers” and of “contamination” between languages and disciplinary environments.

scholarly journals Role of epigenetics in unicellular to multicellular transition in Dictyostelium

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Yuan Wang ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Pollina ◽  
I-Hao Wang ◽  
Lindsay Kristina Pino ◽  
Henry L. Bushnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽  
Orthologous Gene ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
H3k4 Methylation ◽  
Social Amoeba ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conserved Genes ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Abstract Background The evolution of multicellularity is a critical event that remains incompletely understood. We use the social amoeba, Dictyostelium discoideum, one of the rare organisms that readily transits back and forth between both unicellular and multicellular stages, to examine the role of epigenetics in regulating multicellularity. Results While transitioning to multicellular states, patterns of H3K4 methylation and H3K27 acetylation significantly change. By combining transcriptomics, epigenomics, chromatin accessibility, and orthologous gene analyses with other unicellular and multicellular organisms, we identify 52 conserved genes, which are specifically accessible and expressed during multicellular states. We validated that four of these genes, including the H3K27 deacetylase hdaD, are necessary and that an SMC-like gene, smcl1, is sufficient for multicellularity in Dictyostelium. Conclusions These results highlight the importance of epigenetics in reorganizing chromatin architecture to facilitate multicellularity in Dictyostelium discoideum and raise exciting possibilities about the role of epigenetics in the evolution of multicellularity more broadly.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kontrol Sosial Orang Tua dengan Perilaku Seks Pranikah Remaja Kelurahan Batang Arau Kecamatan Padang Selatan

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatri Hanifah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Social Norm ◽  
Premarital Sex ◽  
Sex Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
The Relationship

The reality, premarital sexual behavior almost increased every year in adolescents. The adolescents assumed that do activity of sex with homosexual or heterosexual likes daily activity, thereby they will feel degradation in social norm of adolescent itself. In this case, role of parents are very important to give strong social control through of education, protection, controling, and reinforcement the social norm in order that adolescents were avoided from premarital sexual behavior. Therefore, this research purposed to reveal how the relationship between social control of parents with premarital sex behavior in adolescents. This research used a quantitative of metode with kind the correlational of description. The result in this research was can get a not significant relationship between social control of parents with premarital sexual behavior in adolescents, it means that social control parents was not always influence premarital sexual behavior of adolescents. So that the parents must found the other factor to influence of premarital sexual behavior in adolescents to protected the adolescents from premarital sexual behavior.

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