Deficient auditory gamma-BOLD coupling in schizophrenia is related to sensory gating deficits

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with aberrant gamma band power, hypothesized to reflect imbalance in the excitation-inhibition (E/I) ratio and undermine neural signal efficiency. Relationships between resting-state gamma, E/I balance, and regional hemodynamics from the fMRI BOLD signal are unknown. Methods: We recorded simultaneous EEG-fMRI at rest, with eyes open, in people with schizophrenia (n= 57) and people without a psychiatric diagnosis (n= 46) and identified gamma and aperiodic EEG parameters associated with E/I balance. Measures from all EEG channels were entered into a whole-brain, parametric modulation analysis followed by statistical correction for multiple comparisons. Sensory gating was assessed using the Sensory Gating Inventory, and psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results: Across groups, gamma power modestly predicts a steeper aperiodic slope (greater inhibition), without group differences in either gamma power or aperiodic slope. In schizophrenia, gamma-BOLD coupling was reduced in bilateral auditory regions of the superior temporal gyri and inversely correlated with sensory gating deficits and symptom severity. Analysis of the spectral features of scanner sounds revealed distinct peaks in the gamma range, reflecting a rapidly repeating scanner pulse sound present throughout the resting state recording. Conclusion: Regional hemodynamic support for putative inhibitory and excitatory contributions to resting EEG are aberrant in SZ. Deficient gamma coupling to auditory BOLD may reflect impaired gating of fMRI-scanner sound.

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Estrogen, menstrual cycle phases, and psychopathology in women suffering from schizophrenia

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707000578 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 1427-1436 ◽

Cited By ~ 81

Author(s):

NIELS BERGEMANN ◽

PETER PARZER ◽

BENNO RUNNEBAUM ◽

FRANZ RESCH ◽

CHRISTOPH MUNDT

Keyword(s):

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Cycle Phase ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Regular Menses ◽

Psychiatric Rating ◽

Psychiatric Rating Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome

ABSTRACTBackgroundEstrogen has been hypothesized to have a protective and antipsychotic-like effect in women at risk for schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between menstrual cycle and/or estrogen levels and psychotic symptoms in a sample of women with schizophrenia.MethodOne hundred and twenty-five premenopausal women with schizophrenia and regular menses were examined. The levels of 17β-estradiol and other hormones of the gonadal axis were assessed in the follicular, peri-ovulatory, and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. The effects of the menstrual cycle phase and/or the estradiol level on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores were calculated by means of regression analyses.ResultsSignificant improvement in psychotic, but not depressive, symptoms was observed during the luteal phase, compared with other days of the menstrual cycle.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that estradiol may have specific antipsychotic-like effects on the symptoms of schizophrenia. Thus further investigation into the therapeutic effect of estrogen may be worthwhile.

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Influence ofNRGNrs12807809 polymorphism on symptom severity in individuals with schizophrenia in the Han population but not the Zhuang population of south China

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1017/neu.2015.13 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Li Su ◽

Jianxiong Long ◽

Runde Pan ◽

Xinfeng Xie ◽

Xixiang Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South China ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Subscale Score ◽

Assay Method ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Han Population ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

General Activation ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Pooled Samples

BackgroundNRGNis one of the most promising candidate genes for schizophrenia based on function and position. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the genetic association of this polymorphism with schizophrenia in the Zhuang and Han populations of south China.Subjects and methodsA total of 282 patients (188 Han and 94 Zhuang) and 282 healthy subjects (188 Han and 94 Zhuang) were recruited. Of these, 246 schizophrenia patients underwent an assessment of psychotic symptoms using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). A TaqMan genotyping assay method was used to determine the genotypes.ResultsWe did not find a significant association of rs12807809 polymorphism with schizophrenia in the total pooled samples, or in the separate ethnic groups. However, in Han schizophrenia patients, quantitative data analyses showed that the CC genotype of the rs12807809 polymorphism was associated with PANSS aggression subscale score and activation subscale score. Furthermore, carriers of the C allele of rs12807809 polymorphism among Han schizophrenia patients had higher scores of general, activation, depression, aggression, and global symptoms than the T allele carriers.ConclusionIn conclusion rs12807809 polymorphism may not contribute to the risk of schizophrenia but influence the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia in the Han population.

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Tolerability and treatment response in patients with recently diagnosed vs. chronic schizophrenia treated with paliperidone ER

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73206-0 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 1502-1502

Author(s):

A. Schreiner ◽

D. Hoeben ◽

C. Tessier ◽

M. Lahaye ◽

J. Turczynski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Response ◽

Chronic Schizophrenia ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Chronic Patients ◽

Open Label ◽

Patient Functioning ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Mean Time ◽

Time Since Diagnosis

ObjectiveTo explore tolerability and treatment response in adult patients with recently diagnosed (<5 years) and chronic (>5 years) schizophrenia treated with flexible doses of paliperidone ER.MethodsInternational prospective open-label 6-month study. Endpoints were the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), patient functioning and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).ResultsOf 713 recently diagnosed patients, most were male (60.9%), mean age was 33.6 ± 11.2 years and mean time since diagnosis was 2.3 ± 1.7 years. Chronic patients (n = 1003) were predominantly male (59.2%) with a mean age of 43.8 ± 11.4 and mean time since diagnosis of 15.6 ± 9.2 years. 70.4% and 71.7% of patients completed the study, respectively. Mean mode doses of paliperidone ER were similar between recently diagnosed and chronic patients (7.0 ± 2.9 mg/day and 7.2 ± 2.9 mg/day). 63.1% of recently diagnosed and 60.8% of chronic patients switching due to lack of efficacy with their previous antipsychotic had a >20% improvement in PANSS total score at endpoint, and improvement with other switching reasons was consistently numerically higher in recently diagnosed patients. The rate of patients with mild or no functional impairment increased from 17.7% to 39.8% in recently diagnosed and from 14.4% to 32.9% in chronic patients. TEAEs reported in >5% were insomnia (10.7% and 8.1%), anxiety (8.6% and 6.0%) and somnolence (5.8% and 3.4%), respectively.ConclusionThese data suggest that both recently diagnosed and chronic patients previously unsuccessfully treated with other oral antipsychotics may benefit from paliperidone ER, with a tendency for recently diagnosed patients showing some higher treatment response in psychotic symptoms and patient functioning.

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Abnormally low prolactin levels in schizophrenia patients after switching to aripiprazole in a randomized trial: a biomarker for rebound in psychotic symptoms?

BMC Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s12888-020-02957-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ya-Wen Jen ◽

Tzung-Jeng Hwang ◽

Hung-Yu Chan ◽

Ming H. Hsieh ◽

Chen-Chung Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prolactin Level ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Warning Sign ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Early Age ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Cumulative Proportion ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome

Abstract Background Switching to aripiprazole from other antipsychotics can avoid antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia but may result in an abnormally low prolactin level. This study aimed to assess whether the aripiprazole-induced abnormally low prolactin level was a biomarker for subsequent rebound of positive symptoms in schizophrenia patients. Methods Participants were 63 patients in an 8-week trial of switching to aripiprazole, in which preswitching antipsychotics were maintained for the first 2 weeks and aripiprazole was fixed at 15 mg orally throughout the trial. A prolactin level of < 3.7 ng/ml was defined as abnormally low, and an increase of two or more points in the positive subscore of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale at two adjacent ratings was defined as a psychotic rebound. Results Among 63 patients, 25 (39.7%) had an abnormally low prolactin level and 21 (33.3%) had a psychotic rebound after switching to aripiprazole. In patients with abnormally low prolactin levels, 48.0% of them had a rebound in psychotic symptoms, whereas in those without abnormally low prolactin levels 23.7% did so. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for sex, early age at onset, and preswitching medications revealed that abnormally low prolactin levels were associated with psychotic rebound (adjusted odds ratio = 3.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.02, 12.5). Furthermore, there was concurrency between the trend of the cumulative proportion of patients having an abnormally low prolactin level and that of the cumulative proportion of patients having a rebound in psychotic symptoms. Conclusions An abnormally low prolactin level after switching to aripiprazole in schizophrenia patients was a potential warning sign of a psychotic rebound. Hence, monitoring of prolactin levels after switching to aripiprazole may help avoid such rebound in schizophrenia. Trial registration NCT00545467; Date of registration: 17/10/2007.

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The Relationship Between Serum Cytokine Levels and the Degree of Psychosis and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis in Chinese Patients

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.594766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Xue Yang ◽

Hui Zhao ◽

Xuebing Liu ◽

Qin Xie ◽

Xiaoliang Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Relationship ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Delayed Recall ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Function Impairment ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

Background: Cytokine levels can be changed in methamphetamine (METH) use disorders (MUDs) and primary psychosis. The present study assessed serum levels of some kinds of interleukins (ILs) in METH-associated psychosis (MAP) and their relationships with psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction.Methods: Serum IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were examined by chemiluminescence assays in MAP patients (n = 119) and healthy controls (n = 108). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) were administered.Results: Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly increased in MAP patients (all p < 0.05). There was a negative relationship between IL-2R levels and PANSS positive (P) subscale scores (r = −0.193, p = 0.035). IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels were all negatively correlated with the naming, delayed recall and orientation subscores on the MOCA (r = −0.209, p = 0.022; r = −0.245, p = 0.007; r = −0.505, p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusions: Our results indicate that immune disturbances are related to MAP and that IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 are associated with the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive function impairment.

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The practitioner cope with adverse events on atypical antipsychotics: About 63 patients with schizophrenia

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1986 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S537-S537

Author(s):

I. Berrahal ◽

R. Triki ◽

R. Chebbi ◽

B. Ghanjati ◽

R. Ghachem

Keyword(s):

Atypical Antipsychotics ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Tunisian Patients ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Adult Outpatient ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Negative Syndrome

IntroductionThe propensity of atypical antipsychotics (AAP) for having a therapeutic effect with fewer side effects and the balancing of these supposed benefits with tolerance are the subject of many studies.Aims and objectivesWe focused on adverse drug events (ADEs), occurred under AAP, in a population of patients with schizophrenia to assess the prevalences and describe how the practitioner deal with these ADEs.MethodsWe have used a retrospective and descriptive study of 63 Tunisian patients with schizophrenia, consulting in the adult outpatient of Razi hospital and treated by one type of AAP. The study period was 6 months from the 1st January 2015. We used the Birchwood Insight Scale (BIS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser (UKU) to assess the insight, psychotic symptoms and ADEs.ResultsTwenty-four patients were on risperidone, 22 on olanzapine, 8 on amisulpride and 9 on clozapine. Antiparkinsonism drug (15.9%) was associated because of neurological ADEs mainly Parkinsonism. Asthenia had a prevalence of 20.6%. Hypersalivation and palpitation were estimated at 7.9% both. Weight gain's prevalence was 25.4%, including 1 case associated with hypercholesterolemia and 1 case of unbalanced non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The erectile dysfunction's prevalence was 36.3% and decreased libido 27%. There were 2 cases of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The management of these ADEs was observed when they moderately began to influence the patient's daily activity.ConclusionADEs must be subject to an appropriate treatment and if necessary resort to a specialist consultation to confirm or deny imputability to AAP.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Can typical and atypical antipsychotics show differential effectiveness in treating paranoia and hallucinations in schizophrenia?

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2018-228573 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. e228573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emanuele F Osimo ◽

Marie Juliette Goujon ◽

Jesus Perez ◽

Graham K Murray

Keyword(s):

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Serotonin Receptor ◽

Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽

D2 Receptor ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Differential Effectiveness ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

High Doses ◽

Negative Syndrome ◽

Serotonin Receptor Antagonist

A dopamine excess is thought to be involved in positive psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. All current antipsychotics show a degree of dopamine receptor antagonism. Little is known about the differential effectiveness of different antipsychotics in treating specific sets of symptoms. We report the case of a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia who presented with prominent hallucinatory symptoms (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] P1=5, P3=5, P6=5) resistant to high doses of a dopamine, serotonin receptor antagonist, olanzapine. Switching from olanzapine to zuclopenthixol, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, led to a complete shift of his symptomatology: his hallucinations abated, however, he presented as very highly paranoid (PANSS P1=6, P3=2, P6=7). On a combination of both antipsychotics, his symptoms subsided (PANSS P1=3, P3=2, P6=2). We discuss the potential for differential effectiveness of different antipsychotic medications in treating hallucinations and paranoia. We argue that future studies could address this question by stratifying patients based on symptoms.

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Service Engagement: Psychopathology, Recovery Style and Treatments

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2014/249852 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Simone Vender ◽

Nicola Poloni ◽

Francesca Aletti ◽

Cristiano Bonalumi ◽

Camilla Callegari

Keyword(s):

Negative Symptoms ◽

Psychiatric Services ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Service Engagement ◽

Care Package ◽

Taking Charge ◽

The Cost ◽

Negative Syndrome

The aim of the present study is to evaluate how recovery style, a set of strategies used by patients to interact with services and therapists, and the severity of psychotic symptoms affect the quality/continuity of taking charge of each patient. 156 psychotic patients at different stages of illness were enrolled. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected and integration/sealing-Over Scale, Recovery Style Questionnaire and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were administered. Patients were distinguished into four groups according to the type of treatment received: clinical package, hospital package, day-care package, and residential package. A positive correlation between the cost of psychiatric performance and psychopathological severity (measured with PANSS scores) was identified. No association emerged between ISOS/RSQ total scores and costs. The sanitary expenditure appears to be linked to positive psychotic symptoms while lower performances are given for the treatment of patients with predominant negative symptoms. Recovery style itself has not a direct influence on the quantity/quality of psychiatric services.

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Shifts in positive and negative psychotic symptoms and anger: effects on violence

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291718000077 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (14) ◽

pp. 2428-2438 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jeremy W. Coid ◽

Constantinos Kallis ◽

Mike Doyle ◽

Jenny Shaw ◽

Simone Ullrich

Keyword(s):

Community Violence ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptom ◽

Psychotic Symptoms ◽

Positive Symptoms ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Affective Symptoms ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Negative Syndrome

BackgroundChanges in positive and negative symptom profiles during acute psychotic episodes may be key drivers in the pathway to violence. Acute episodes are often preceded by fluctuations in affect before psychotic symptoms appear and affective symptoms may play a more important role in the pathway than previously recognised.MethodsWe carried out a prospective cohort study of 409 male and female patients discharged from medium secure services in England and Wales to the community. Measures were taken at baseline (pre-discharge), 6 and 12 months post-discharge using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Information on violence was obtained using the McArthur Community Violence Instrument and Police National Computer.ResultsThe larger the shift in positive symptoms the more likely violence occurred in each 6-month period. However, shifts in angry affect were the main driving factor for positive symptom shifts associated with violence. Shifts in negative symptoms co-occurred with positive and conveyed protective effects, but these were overcome by co-occurring shifts in anger. Severe but stable delusions were independently associated with violence.ConclusionsIntensification of angry affect during acute episodes of psychosis indicates the need for interventions to prevent violence and is a key driver of associated positive symptoms in the pathway to violence. Protective effects against violence exerted by negative symptoms are not clinically observable during symptom shifts because they are overcome by co-occurring anger.

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Relationships between Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Resting State Functional Connectivity in Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls: A Preliminary Study

10.20944/preprints202112.0080.v2 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Matthew J. Hoptman ◽

Umit Tural ◽

Kelvin O. Lim ◽

Daniel C. Javitt ◽

Lauren E. Oberlin

Keyword(s):

Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Structural Connectivity ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽

Syndrome Scale ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Negative Syndrome

Schizophrenia is widely seen as a disorder of dysconnectivity. Neuroimaging studies have examined both structural and functional connectivity in the disorder, but these modalities have rarely been integrated directly. We scanned 29 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy control subjects and acquired resting state fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. The Functional and Tractographic Connectivity Analysis Toolbox (FATCAT) was used to estimate functional and structural connectivity of the default mode network. Correlations between modalities were investigated, and multimodal connectivity scores (MCS) were created using principal components analysis. Nine of 28 possible region pairs showed consistent (>80%) tracts across participants. Correlations between modalities were found among those with schizophrenia for the prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and lateral temporal lobes with frontal and parietal regions, consistent with frontotemporoparietal network involvement in the disorder. In patients, MCS values correlated with several aspects of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, positively with those involving inwardly directed psychopathology, and negatively with those involving external psychopathology. In this preliminary sample, we found FATCAT to be a useful toolbox to directly integrate and examine connectivity between imaging modalities. A consideration of conjoint structural and functional connectivity can provide important information about the network mechanisms of schizophrenia.

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