scholarly journals Reproductive strategies in vent shrimps shaped by feeding ecology with intriguing seasonality unlinked to surface productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Methou ◽  
Chong Chen ◽  
Hiromi K. Watanabe ◽  
Marie-Anne Cambon-Bonavita ◽  
Florence Pradillon
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Chemosynthetic Ecosystems

AbstractVariations in reproductive patterns according to feeding strategies or food supply have been recognized in many animals from various ecosystems. Despite an unusual trophic structure, these relationships remain largely under-studied in chemosynthetic ecosystems. Here, we use Rimicaris shrimps as a study case to explore relations between reproduction, diets and food supply in these environments. For that, we compiled data on presence of reproductive individuals from the past 35 years and compared reproductive outputs of three shrimps differing by their diets and regions. We report distinct reproductive patterns between Rimicaris species according to their trophic regime regardless of variations related to body size. Besides, we observed a reproductive period mostly between January and early April whatever the region. Intriguingly, this periodicity does not correspond to seasonal variations with presence of ovigerous females during either boreal winter or austral summer. These observations contrast with the long-standing paradigm in deep-sea species for which periodic reproductive patterns have always been attributed to seasonal variations of photosynthetic production sinking from surface. Our results suggest the presence of intrinsic basis for biological rhythms in the deep sea, and bring to light the importance of having year-round observations in order to understand life history of vent animals.

Deep-sea epibenthic echinoderms and a temporally varying food supply

1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 817-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M.L. Lauerman ◽  
Ronald S. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Deep Sea

Reproductive Patterns in the Deep-Sea Benthos

Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 186 (4165) ◽  
pp. 743-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Rokop
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Reproductive Patterns

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Artibeus fimbriatus Gray 1838 (Chiroptera) at the southern limit of its geographic range

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila S. Lima ◽  
Marta Elena Fabián
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Pregnant Females

Abstract Bats of the Phyllostomidae family exhibit different reproductive patterns in Neotropical regions and the strategy adopted depends on the regional climate. Here we studied the reproductive biology of Artibeus fimbriatus at the southern limit of their distribution in Brazil. This region has no rainy season, and the climate is characterized by high temperatures and variable photoperiods. We examined 129 A. fimbriatus females over several months, and used histological procedures where necessary in order to determine whether bats were pregnant. Females exhibited a long reproductive period and were pregnant from June until February. The reproduction events were found to be dependent on the photoperiod, but independent of annual accumulated precipitation. Our results show that at the southern limit of their distribution, A. fimbriatus exhibit seasonal-dependent reproductive patterns, with parturition events occurring during spring and summer, in which the days are longer and temperature is warmer.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal activity lowers trophic diversity in Antarctic sedimented hydrothermal vents

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Bell ◽  
William D. K. Reid ◽  
David A. Pearce ◽  
Adrian G. Glover ◽  
Christopher J. Sweeting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Feeding Structure ◽  
Niche Area

Abstract. Sedimented hydrothermal vents are those in which hydrothermal fluid is discharged through sediments and are among the least studied deep-sea ecosystems. We present a combination of microbial and biochemical data to assess trophodynamics between and within hydrothermally active and off-vent areas of the Bransfield Strait (1050–1647 m depth). Microbial composition, biomass and fatty acid signatures varied widely between and within vent and non-vent sites and provided evidence of diverse metabolic activity. Several species showed diverse feeding strategies and occupied different trophic positions in vent and nonvent areas. Stable isotope values of consumers were generally not consistent with feeding structure morphology. Niche area and the diversity of microbial fatty acids reflected trends in species diversity and was lowest at the most hydrothermally active site. Faunal utilisation of chemosynthetic activity was relatively limited but was detected at both vent and non-vent sites as evidenced by carbon and sulphur isotopic signatures, suggesting that hydrothermal activity can affect trophodynamics over a much wider area than previously thought.

scholarly journals Seasonal Cycles of Phytoplankton Expressed by Sine Equations Using the Daily Climatology from Satellite-Retrieved Chlorophyll-a Concentration (1997–2019) Over Global Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexi Mao ◽  
Zhihua Mao ◽  
Cédric Jamet ◽  
Marc Linderman ◽  
Yuntao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Global Oceans ◽  
Sine Equation

The global coverage of Chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) has been continuously available from ocean color satellite sensors since September 1997 and the Chl-a data (1997–2019) were used to produce a climatological dataset by averaging Chl-a values at same locations and same day of year. The constructed climatology can remarkably reduce the variability of satellite data and clearly exhibit the seasonal cycles, demonstrating that the growth and decay of phytoplankton recurs with similarly seasonal cycles year after year. As the shapes of time series of the climatology exhibit strong periodical change, we wonder whether the seasonality of Chl-a can be expressed by a mathematic equation. Our results show that sinusoid functions are suitable to describe cyclical variations of data in time series and patterns of the daily climatology can be matched by sine equations with parameters of mean, amplitude, phase, and frequency. Three types of sine equations were used to match the climatological Chl-a with Mean Relative Differences (MRD) of 7.1%, 4.5%, and 3.3%, respectively. The sine equation with four sinusoids can modulate the shapes of the fitted values to match various patterns of climatology with small MRD values (less than 5%) in about 90% of global oceans. The fitted values can reflect an overall pattern of seasonal cycles of Chl-a which can be taken as a time series of biomass baseline for describing the state of seasonal variations of phytoplankton. The amplitude images, the spatial patterns of seasonal variations of phytoplankton, can be used to identify the transition zone chlorophyll fronts. The timing of phytoplankton blooms is identified by the biggest peak of the fitted values and used to classify oceans as different bloom seasons, indicating that blooms occur in all four seasons with regional features. In global oceans within latitude domains (48°N–48°S), blooms occupy approximately half of the ocean (50.6%) during boreal winter (December–February) in the northern hemisphere and more than half (58.0%) during austral winter (June–August) in the southern hemisphere. Therefore, the sine equation can be used to match the daily Chl-a climatology and the fitted values can reflect the seasonal cycles of phytoplankton, which can be used to investigate the underlying phenological characteristics.

scholarly journals Coccolithophore biodiversity controls carbonate export in the Southern Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés S. Rigual Hernández ◽  
Thomas W. Trull ◽  
Scott D. Nodder ◽  
José A. Flores ◽  
Helen Bostock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Major Fraction ◽  
Oceanic Fronts ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Particulate Inorganic Carbon

Abstract. Southern Ocean waters are projected to undergo profound changes in their physical and chemical properties in the coming decades. Coccolithophore blooms in the Southern Ocean are thought to account for a major fraction of the global marine calcium carbonate (CaCO3) production and export to the deep sea. Therefore, changes in the composition and abundance of Southern Ocean coccolithophore populations are likely to alter the marine carbon cycle, with feedbacks to the rate of global climate change. However, the contribution of coccolithophores to CaCO3 export in the Southern Ocean is uncertain, particularly in the circumpolar subantarctic zone that represents about half of the areal extent of the Southern Ocean and where coccolithophores are most abundant. Here, we present measurements of annual CaCO3 flux and quantitatively partition them amongst coccolithophore species and heterotrophic calcifiers at two sites representative of a large portion of the subantarctic zone. We find that coccolithophores account for a major fraction of the annual CaCO3 export, with the highest contributions in waters with low algal biomass accumulations. Notably, our analysis reveals that although Emiliania huxleyi is an important vector for CaCO3 export to the deep sea, less abundant but larger species account for most of the annual coccolithophore CaCO3 flux. This observation contrasts with the generally accepted notion that high particulate inorganic carbon accumulations during the austral summer in the subantarctic Southern Ocean are mainly caused by E. huxleyi blooms. It appears likely that the climate-induced migration of oceanic fronts will initially result in the poleward expansion of large coccolithophore species increasing CaCO3 production. However, subantarctic coccolithophore populations will eventually diminish as acidification overwhelms those changes. Overall, our analysis emphasizes the need for species-centred studies to improve our ability to project future changes in phytoplankton communities and their influence on marine biogeochemical cycles.

Biogeography, Ecology, and Vulnerability of Chemosynthetic Ecosystems in the Deep Sea

2010 ◽  
pp. 161-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Baker ◽  
Eva Z. Ramirez-Llodra ◽  
Paul A. Tyler ◽  
Christopher R. German ◽  
Antje Boetius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Chemosynthetic Ecosystems

Effect of the environment on processing and handling materials at sea

1978 ◽  
Vol 290 (1366) ◽  
pp. 161-177 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Vast Range ◽  
Significant Factors

Compared with conventional land-based mining and processing operations, the exploitation of minerals from the seabed, particularly in deep water, involves a vast range of new problems in conducting the various stages of mining, transportation, processing and disposal of waste products, in a marine environment. In all such operations the ways in which local sea and weather conditions and their seasonal variations affect the stability of the vehicle, be it ship or other floating structure or submersible from which the operations are being conducted, have to be taken into account. The resulting motion together with vibration generated by propulsion and other machinery are significant factors in the performance and behaviour of equipment and materials during processing, handling and transportation operations at sea. In deep-sea mining operations at depths of 2-5 km the effects of associated pressure, salinity and temperature must also be dealt with. The paper reviews the present state of such knowledge as currently practised in continental-shelf operations, and as proposed in various deep-sea mining operations. Associated research requirements for future mineral exploitation in the deep-sea environment are discussed.

scholarly journals Chiridota heheva—the cosmopolitan holothurian

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin A. Thomas ◽  
Ruoyu Liu ◽  
Diva Amon ◽  
Jon T. Copley ◽  
Adrian G. Glover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Chemosynthetic Ecosystems ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractChemosynthetic ecosystems have long been acknowledged as key areas of enrichment for deep-sea life, supporting hundreds of endemic species. Echinoderms are among the most common taxa inhabiting the periphery of chemosynthetic environments, and of these, chiridotid holothurians are often the most frequently observed. Yet, published records of chiridotids in these habitats are often noted only as supplemental information to larger ecological studies and several remain taxonomically unverified. This study therefore aimed to collate and review all known records attributed to Chiridota Eschscholtz, 1829, and to conduct the first phylogenetic analysis into the relationship of these chiridotid holothurians across global chemosynthetic habitats. We show that Chiridota heheva Pawson & Vance, 2004 is a globally widespread, cosmopolitan holothurian that occupies all three types of deep-sea chemosynthetic ecosystem—hydrothermal vents, cold seeps and organic falls—as an organic-enrichment opportunist. Furthermore, we hypothesise that C. heheva may be synonymous with another vent-endemic chiridotid, Chiridota hydrothermica Smirnov et al., 2000, owing to the strong morphological, ecological and biogeographical parallels between the two species, and predict that any chiridotid holothurians subsequently discovered at global reducing environments will belong to this novel species complex. This study highlights the importance of understudied, peripheral taxa, such as holothurians, to provide insights to biogeography, connectivity and speciation at insular deep-sea habitats.

Food supply fluctuations constrain group sizes of kangaroos and in turn shape their vigilance and feeding strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
François-René Favreau ◽  
Anne W. Goldizen ◽  
Hervé Fritz ◽  
Olivier Pays
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Feeding Strategies
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document