scholarly journals Burden of five healthcare associated infections in Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Lydeamore ◽  
Brett G Mitchell ◽  
Tracey Bucknall ◽  
Allen C Cheng ◽  
Andrew J Stewardson
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
National Burden ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but there are few data that quantify the burden of infection nationally in Australia. We used data from an Australian national point prevalence survey to estimate the burden of HAIs amongst adults in Australian public hospitals. The incidence based appropach, introduced by the ECDC Burden of Comunicable Diseases in Europe was used. We estimate that 155,013 HAIs occur in adults admitted to public hospitals in Australia annually, resulting in 6906 deaths. Hospital acquired pneumonia is the most frequent HAI, followed by surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections. We find that blood stream infections contribute a small percentage of HAIs, but contribute the highest number of deaths (3207), more than twice that of the second largest, while pneumonia has the highert impact on years lived with disability. This study is the first time the national burden of HAIs has been estimated for Australia from point prevalence data. The estimated burden is high, and highlights the need for continued investment in HAI prevention.

scholarly journals A Six-Year Point Prevalence Survey of Healthcare-Associated Infections in an Italian Teaching Acute Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7724
Author(s):  
Andrea Gentili ◽  
Marcello Di Pumpo ◽  
Daniele Ignazio La Milia ◽  
Doriana Vallone ◽  
Gino Vangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) represent one of the most common cause of infection and an important burden of disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of a six-year HAI point prevalence survey carried out yearly in a teaching acute care hospital from 2013 to 2018, following the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) guidelines. Surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, pneumonia, meningitis, and Clostridium difficile infections were considered as risk factors. A total of 328 patients with HAI were detected during the 6-year survey, with an average point prevalence of 5.24% (95% CI: 4.70–5.83%). Respiratory tract infections were the most common, followed by surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, primary bloodstream infections, Clostridium difficile infections, and central nervous system infections. A regression model showed length of stay at the moment of HAI detection, urinary catheter, central venous catheter, and antibiotic therapy to be the most important predictors of HAI prevalence, yielding a significant adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) of 0.2780. This will provide future infection control programs with specific HAI to focus on in order to introduce a proper prophylaxis and to limit exposure whenever possible.

Estimating incidence and attributable length of stay of healthcare-associated infections—Modeling the Swiss point-prevalence survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sam Doerken ◽  
Aliki Metsini ◽  
Sabina Buyet ◽  
Aline Wolfensberger ◽  
Walter Zingg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Incidence Proportion ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Abstract Objectives: In 2017, a point-prevalence survey was conducted with 12,931 patients in 96 hospitals across Switzerland as part of the national strategy to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). We present novel statistical methods to assess incidence proportions of HAI and attributable length-of-stay (LOS) in point-prevalence surveys. Methods: Follow-up data were collected for a subsample of patients and were used to impute follow-up data for all remaining patients. We used weights to correct length bias in logistic regression and multistate analyses. Methods were also tested in simulation studies. Results: The estimated incidence proportion of HAIs during hospital stay and not present at admission was 2.3% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 2.1–2.6), the most common type being lower respiratory tract infections (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6–1.0). Incidence proportion was highest in patients with a rapidly fatal McCabe score (7.8%; 95% CI, 5.7–10.4). The attributable LOS for all HAI was 6.4 days (95% CI, 5.6–7.3) and highest for surgical site infections (7.1 days, 95% CI, 5.2–9.0). It was longest in the age group of 18–44 years (9.0 days; 95% CI, 5.4–12.6). Risk-factor analysis revealed that McCabe score had no effect on the discharge hazard after infection (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 0.89–1.63). Instead, it only influenced the infection hazard (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.39–2.43) and the discharge hazard prior to infection (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66–0.82). Conclusions: In point-prevalence surveys with limited follow-up data, imputation and weighting can be used to estimate incidence proportions and attributable LOS that would otherwise require complete follow-up data.

A Point-Prevalence Study on Healthcare-Associated Infections in Vietnam: Public Health Implications

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1039-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Arm Thu ◽  
Nguyen Viet Hung ◽  
Nguyen Ngo Quang ◽  
Lennox K. Archibald ◽  
Le Thi Thanh Thuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Study ◽  
Device Use ◽  
National Reporting System ◽  
Healthcare Associated

During 2008, a point-prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) was conducted in 36 Vietnamese hospitals. Of 7,571 inpatients, 590 (7.8%) had HAIs, including pneumonia (41.9%) and surgical-site infections (27.5%). Device use was a significant risk factor; gram-negative microorganisms predominated. A national reporting system needs to be established for monitoring HAIs and enhancing patient outcomes.

Burden of healthcare-associated infections at six tertiary-care hospitals in Saudi Arabia: A point prevalence survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid M. Alshamrani ◽  
Aiman El-Saed ◽  
Asim Alsaedi ◽  
Ayman El Gammal ◽  
Wafa Al Nasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Point Prevalence Survey ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

AbstractA point prevalence survey was conducted on May 11, 2017, among inpatients at 6 hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The overall point prevalence was 6.8% (114 of 1,666). The most common types of infections were pneumonia (27.2%), urinary tract infections (20.2%), and bloodstream infections (10.5%). Approximately 19.2% of healthcare-associated infections were device associated.

Healthcare associated infections caused by non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR): six years of experience of a tertiary hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 06-12
Author(s):  
Zahidul Hasan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Islam ◽  
Arifa Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Blood Stream Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Recently non-fermenting Gram negative rods (NFGNR) are playing an important role in healthcare associated infections. This observational study in a tertiary care hospital of Dhaka city conducted during 01August 2007 to 30 June 2013 found that 34.8% isolated organisms from patients with healthcare associated infections were NFGNR. Majority (74.3 %) of these infections were occurring inside critical care areas. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter together constituted 79.6% of the total NFGNR whereas Burkholderia cephacia complex (15.4%), Stenotrophomonas (4.3%) and Chryseobacterium species (0.7%) combined constituted remaining 20.4%. Out of total NFGNRs, Pseudomonas was responsible for highest number of catheter associated urinary tract infections (55.6%), ventilator associated pneumonia (46.3%), respiratory tract infection (65.8%) and surgical site infection (70.6%). Blood stream infection was predominantly caused by Burkholderia cephacia complex (33.5%) and Acinetobacter spp. (39.5%). Other than colistin most of the organisms were resistant to antibiotics commonly recommended for NFGNR.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v7i2.19326 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2013; 07(02): 6-12

scholarly journals Partnership among hospitals to reduce healthcare associated infections: a quasi-experimental study in Brazilian ICUs

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladjane Santos Wolmer de Melo ◽  
Maria Verônica Monteiro de Abreu ◽  
Bernuarda Roberta de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria das Graças Washington Casimiro Carr ◽  
Maria Fernanda Aparecida Moura de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Collaborative Project ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are relevant in developing countries where frequencies can be at least 3 times higher than in developed countries. The purpose of this research was to describe the intervention implemented in intensive care units (ICUs) to reduce HAIs through collaborative project and analyze the variation over 18 months in the incidence density (ID) of the three main HAIs: ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and catheter-related urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and also the length of stay and mortality in these ICUs. Methods A quasi-experimental study in five public adult clinical-surgical ICUs, to reduce HAIs, through interventions using the BTS-IHI “Improvement Model”, during 18 months. In the project, promoted by the Ministry of Health, Brazilian philanthropic hospitals certified for excellence (HE), those mostly private, certified as excellence and exempt from security contributions, regularly trained and monitored public hospitals in diagnostics, data collection and in developing cycles to improve quality and to prevent HAIs (bundles). In the analysis regarding the length of stay, mortality, the IDs of VAP, CLABSIs and CAUTIs over time, a Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) model was applied for continuous variables, using the constant correlation (exchangeable) between assessments over time. The model estimated the average difference (β coefficient of the model) of the measures analyzed during two periods: a period in the year 2017 (prior to implementing the project) and in the years 2018 and 2019 (during the project). Result A mean monthly reduction of 0.427 in VAP ID (p = 0.002) with 33.8% decrease at the end of the period and 0.351 in CAUTI ID (p = 0.009) with 45% final decrease. The mean monthly reduction of 0.252 for CLABSIs was not significant (p = 0.068). Length of stay and mortality rates had no significant variation. Conclusions Given the success in reducing VAP and CAUTIs in a few months of interventions, the achievement of the collaborative project is evident. This partnership among public hospitals/HE may be applied to other ICUs including countries with fewer resources.

Healthcare-Associated Infection in Italy Annual Point-Prevalence Surveys, 2002–2004

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lanini ◽  
William R. Jarvis ◽  
Emanuele Nicastri ◽  
Gaetano Privitera ◽  
Giovanni Gesu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Objective.Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the period from 2002 through 2004, a group of Italian hospitals was recruited to conduct HAI point-prevalence surveys.Design.Three point-prevalence surveys.Methods.A total of 9,609 patients were surveyed.Results.The overall frequency of HAI was 6.7% (645 infections among the 9,609 surveyed patients). The most frequent HAIs were lower respiratory tract infections, which accounted for 35.8% (231 of 645 HAIs) of all HAIs, followed by urinary tract infections (152 [23.6%] of 645 HAIs), bloodstream infections (90 [14.0%] of 645 HAIs), and surgical site infections (79 [12.2%] of 645 HAIs). In both multivariate and univariate analysis, invasive procedures, duration of stay, chemotherapy, trauma, coma, and the location of the hospital were all factors statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of an HAL Enterobacteriaceae were the most common isolates recovered in medical and surgical wards, whereas gram-negative aerobic bacilli were the most common isolates recovered in intensive care units. Approximately one-half of all of the patients surveyed were receiving antibiotics at the time of our study; the most used antibiotic classes were fluoroquinolones in medical wards, cephalosporins in surgical wards, and penicillins and glycopeptides in intensive care units.Conclusion.Our study emphasizes the need for implementing further HAI surveillance to provide the National Health System with proper tools to prevent and manage infection in hospitalized patients.

Point prevalence of healthcare-associated infections and antibiotic use in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Nepal: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110358
Author(s):  
Sailesh Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Swarup Shrestha ◽  
Sisham Ingnam
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Information on the burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and patterns of antibiotic use are prerequisites for infection prevention and control (IPC) and antibiotics stewardship programmes. However, a few studies have been reported from resource-limited settings and many of them have not used standard definitions to diagnose HAI precluding benchmarking with regional or international data. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of HAIs and antibiotic use in our centre. We conducted a point prevalence survey in a 350-bed university hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal in April 2019. We reviewed all patients aged ⩾ 18 years admitted to the hospital for at least two calendar days and evaluated for the three common HAIs—pneumonia, urinary tract infection and surgical site infection. We used the clinical criteria by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control to diagnose the HAIs. We also collected information on the antibiotics used. Of 160 eligible patients, 18 (11.25%) had HAIs and 114 (87.5%) were on antibiotics, with more than half of them (61/114 patients, 53.5%) receiving two or more antibiotics. This highlights the need for effective implementation of IPC as well as antibiotics stewardship programmes in our centre.

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