scholarly journals Factors affecting use of speech testing in adult audiology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavisha J Parmar ◽  
Saima L Rajasingam ◽  
Jennifer K Bizley ◽  
Deborah A Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Key Barrier ◽  
The Uk

Objective: To investigate the factors affecting the use speech testing in adult audiology services Design: A mixed-methods cross-sectional questionnaire study Study Sample: A UK sample (n=306) of hearing healthcare professionals (HHPs) from the public (64%) and private sector (36%) completed the survey Results: In the UK, speech testing practice varied significantly between health sector. Speech testing was carried out during the audiology assessment by 68% of private sector HHPs and 5% of those from the public sector. During the hearing aid intervention stage speech testing was carried out by 40% and 8% of HHPs from the private and public sector, respectively. Recognised benefits of speech testing included: 1) providing patients with relatable assessment information, 2) guiding hearing aid fitting, 3) supporting a diagnostic test battery. A lack of clinical time was a key barrier to uptake. Conclusion: Use of speech testing varies in adult audiology. Results from the present study found the percentage of UK HHPs making use of speech tests was low compared to other countries. HHPs recognised different benefits of speech testing in audiology practice but the barriers limiting uptake were often driven by factors derived from decision makers rather than clinical rationale. Privately funded HHPs used speech tests more frequently than those working in the public sector where time and resources are under greater pressure and governed by guidance that does not include a recommendation for speech testing. Therefore, the inclusion of speech testing in national clinical guidelines could increase the consistency of use.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis control activities in the private and public health sectors of Kenya from 2013 to 2017: how do they compare?

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 740-748
Author(s):  
Eunice W Mailu ◽  
Philip Owiti ◽  
Serge Ade ◽  
Anthony D Harries ◽  
Marcel Manzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Private And Public

Abstract Background Large numbers of tuberculosis (TB) patients seek care from private for-profit providers. This study aimed to assess and compare TB control activities in the private for-profit and public sectors in Kenya between 2013 and 2017. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study using routinely collected data from the National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Lung Disease Program. Results Of 421 409 patients registered and treated between 2013 and 2017, 86 894 (21%) were from the private sector. Data collection was less complete in the private sector for nutritional assessment and follow-up sputum smear examinations (p<0.001). The private sector notified less bacteriologically confirmed TB (43.1% vs 52.6%; p<0.001) and had less malnutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2; 36.4% vs 43.3%; p<0.001) than the public sector. Rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and antiretroviral therapy initiation were >95% and >90%, respectively, in both sectors, but more patients were HIV positive in the private sector (39.6% vs 31.6%; p<0.001). For bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB, cure rates were lower in the private sector, especially for HIV-negative patients (p<0.001). The private sector had an overall treatment success of 86.3% as compared with the public sector at 85.7% (p<0.001). Conclusions The private sector is performing well in Kenya although there are programmatic challenges that need to be addressed.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF PROLONG SITTING WITH COMMON MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AMONG PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR BANKERS

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Mahmooda Naqvi ◽  
Maryum Zehra ◽  
Ghazala Noor Nizami
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
One Year ◽  
Study Participants

To compare the frequency of common musculoskeletal disorders due to prolong sitting among private and public sector bankers. This study was a cross-sectional study. Participants between 25-50 years of age, working in banks for more than one year were inducted in the study. All bankers were divided into private and public sector groups. Employees were selected from private sector and public sector banks of Karachi. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from bankers of both sectors. The study shows that 44.6% government employees were suffering from shoulder pain, while 36.9% private sector bankers having this problem. Among them 18.2% of public sector bankers suffered from neck pain. However, only 9% of public sector bankers perform gym activity regularly. The result of the study shows that, participants who work for prolong period of time adapted poor posture while sitting have high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders. The study also shows that private sector bankers are more vigilant about their health and posture as compared to the public sector bankers.

scholarly journals PRACTICE OF ERGONOMICS AMONG THE BANKERS OF PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Mahmooda Naqvi ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Ghazala Noor Nizami ◽  
Sania Hassan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Private And Public

OBJECTIVE To compare the knowledge and practice of ergonomics among bankers of private and public sector. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on bankers of Karachi over a period of 6 months. 200 participants were recruited from one of the reputed public sector bank of Karachi for the observational study. Another group of 200 members was taken from different private banks of Karachi. Convenience, sampling technique was chosen for data collection by using self-administered Questionnaire. Data entry was done on SPSS Version 20. Mean is calculated by using One sample T-test and considered significant at p value <0.05. In addition, the frequencies and percentages were taken as descriptive statistics for categorical variables. RESULTS The workshop on ergonomics revealed statistically significant difference between the mean values 1.82, (p =0.00) and 1.95 (p=0.06) in the private and public sector bankers respectively. In addition, the means of back care were also calculated between the two sectors; showing higher mean values (1.83,) among the public sector bankers as compared to the private sector bankers (1.72, p=0.00). CONCLUSION` Our result shows that private sector bankers are more vigilant about their health and posture as compared to the public sector. The above result appears to be useful indicators of determining the risk of musculoskeletal problems among bankers.

scholarly journals A Comparison Of Private And Public Sector Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Caemmerer ◽  
Alistair Dewar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Service Expectations

In the past, public sector organizations have been used as examples of service atrocities but in light of unstable overall customer satisfaction levels across countries and industries the purpose of this research note is to investigate whether their private counterparts fare much better in terms of service performance. A quantitative, quasi-experimental study was carried out with 200 respondents. The survey tool was based on the SERVQUAL framework to compare recipients service expectations and perceptions in private and public service settings. The results reveal no significant differences between expectations towards and perceptions of private and public services. The traditional SERVQUAL dimensions explain 74% of overall satisfaction in the public, and 87% in the private sector. As this is a cross-sectional study more research is necessary to understand whether the results are due to an amelioration in the public and a deterioration in the private sector, or vice versa, or neither. The study stimulates debate and further research into the underlying reasons for customers similar expectations and perceptions across sectors. Is actual service performance across sectors assimilating? Or do perceptions in one sector setting impact on expectations and perceptions in another?

scholarly journals Evaluation of rational prescribing and dispensing of medicines in Mali

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaya Coulibaly ◽  
Fanta Sangho ◽  
Aboubacar Alassane Oumar
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Prescribing

Objective: The drug policy of Mali is based on the concept of essential generic drugs. The adoption of generic drugs in a program is often accompanied by irrational use of these drugs precisely because of the availability of these drugs. Thus, this study was initiated to assess the quality of prescribing and dispensing drugs in Mali. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 2004 to 2013, the survey was conducted in 20 primary health centers and 20 private pharmacies in three regions of the country. In each of these structures, 30 prescriptions filled at the time of the survey were collected. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.0 ± 1.3 and 2.4 ± 1.2, respectively, in the public and private sectors. Prescription of drugs under international name was 91.6% in the public sector and 37.2% in the private sector. The public sector prescribed 33.7% of injectable drug against 16.2% in the private sector (p <0.001). The average cost of a prescription was lower in the public sector (3415.3 FCFA or 5.21euros) than in the private sector (7111 FCFA or 10.85 euros).Conclusion: Generic drugs are commonly used in the public, but much less in the private sector. The treatment guidelines are already available, should be introduced interactively to medical practitioners, through visits and intensive supervision by more experienced managers in the hierarchy, it would be likely to improve the quality of prescribing practitioners.

Exodus of Clinicians from Public Sector to Non-Clinical Practice in Private Sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania; Exploring the Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Elice Temu ◽  
Gasto Frumence ◽  
Nathanael Sirili
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
The Public

Background: Globally, shortage of clinicians health workforce is among the major challenges facing the health systems of many countries including Tanzania. Migration of medical doctors from clinical practice to non-clinical practice partly contributes to this challenge. This study aimed to explore factors influencing Medical Doctors’ decision to migrate from clinical practice in the public sector to non-clinical practice in the private sector in Dar es Salaam Tanzania.Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted using 12 in-depth interviews with medical doctors working in the private sector but formerly worked in the public health sector. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed.Results: Three main themes emerged; health system-level drivers that has three sub-themes, namely poor work environment, heavy workload due to shortage of clinicians and underfunded public health sector; individual-level drivers, which include four sub-themes: Age, area of specialization, marital status and empathy to patients; and external environment drivers consisting of two sub-themes: peer pressure and community culture.Conclusion: Improving the work environment through increased funding will partly address the main health system drivers underlying migration from the clinical practice. Furthermore, nurturing junior doctors to be enthusiastic and adapting to cultural shocks can partly help to address the individual and external drivers. Keywords: Shortage, Medical Doctors, Clinicians, Physicians, migration, health workforce, Tanzania Clinical Practice, Non-Clinical Practice.

scholarly journals Reasons for Ethical Problems in the Health Sector

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Tepecik ◽  
Ayla Yazıcı
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Health Care Market ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Entrepreneurs ◽  
Effective Use

There are two main reasons of public interventions in the health market. First, the health care market cannot make efficient production on market conditions because of its attributes such as the unequal distribution of knowledge, being a public good, the presence of positive and negative externalities. Second, the public authority has also the aim to achieve justice. These qualities are also the source of ethical problems in the health sector, whether the service is generated, by the public or the private sector. Almost in all countries the health sector is usually provided by the public sector because of externalities. But because the side effects of the production of health services by the public sector emerged in recent years, the participation of the private sector was ensured to minimize these effects. For developing countries such as Turkey and Eurasian countries, a more effective use of the funds used for the health sector is recommended, and the space these expenditures cover in the budget are said can be scaled down with the opening of some areas for private entrepreneurs. However, the unique characteristics of the health sector seem to cause problems regardless whether it is produced by the public or the private sector. In this study it is attempted to give the attributes of the health sector in detail and to establish a relationship with ethical problems in the light of experiences in Turkey.

scholarly journals Universities as ‘Drivers’ of Local and Regional Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Marius Constantin PROFIROIU ◽  
Maria-Roxana BRIȘCARIU
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The University

"The society based on knowledge and innovation brings to the fore the role of universities as research and learning spaces, with the purpose for sustainable development, at local, regional, national and global levels. Following this approach, we explore the capacity of spreading the knowledge and innovation capital in the North-West region of Romania between universities, the private sector and the public sector. Also, the study explores the role taken by the university system in Romania, locally and regionally, emphasizing what type of relationship defines the exchange of outputs and what are the most useful know-how transfer mechanisms from universities to the private and public sectors. The empirical research in this paper has shown that there is a growing relationship between universities – private sector – public sector, which is characterized as ‘in an incipient phase’, ‘based on urgent needs of the parties’. All of the actors involved in this triad want to develop the links between universities – private sector – public sector in communication, research, innovation and technology, and they suggest standardization and regulation of this interaction and developing a legal framework to correspond to the actual needs at local and regional levels."

scholarly journals The Effects Of Unions On Wages By Occupation In The Public Sector

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Bitzan ◽  
Bahman Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sector Union ◽  
Private Sector Union ◽  
Wage Premiums ◽  
Administrative Assistants ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Sectors ◽  
Public Workers

This study examines union wage premiums by occupation in the public sector in the U.S. for the 2000-2004 period.  In examining union-nonunion wage differences for public sector workers in occupations accounting for 66 percent of all public workers in the 2000-2004 Current Population Survey, we find positive and statistically significant union premiums for 27 out of 41 occupations examined.  We also find large differences among occupations, with miscellaneous teachers and instructors receiving a 61 percent premium, secretaries and administrative assistants receiving a 5 percent premium, and 14 occupations receiving no statistically significant premium.  In comparing union premiums by occupation between the private and public sectors, we find, in most cases, that private sector premiums are larger than public sector premiums.  Finally, an Oaxaca decomposition shows that the majority of the differential between private sector union premiums and public sector union premiums appears to be due to differences in the way unions reward workers in the private and public sectors, not because of differences in the types of workers in the private and public sectors.

Performance-related-pay in the UK public sector

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia M Bajorek ◽  
Stephen M Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scheme Design ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Behavioural Sciences ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an up-to-date, comprehensive, independent and credible assessment of relevant academic and other literature since 2007, on the effectiveness and value for money of performance-related-pay (PRP) in the public sector. Design/methodology/approach – PRP was studied using both economics-based literature and literature from the organisational and management field (including human resources, management sociology and psychology). An initial search of databases identified 7,401 documents regarding PRP in the public sector, which was reduced to 57 final papers included in the study (27 in the health sector, 16 in the education sector and 16 in the civil service) after abstract and full paper screening. Findings – The review found some evidence that PRP schemes can be effective across the three domains of the public sector for which there was evidence available (health, education and the civil service), but findings within and between the sectors are mixed, with scheme effectiveness often dependent on scheme design and organisational context. Research limitations/implications – The research highlights the importance of considering both economics-based and organisational literature when discussing PRP in the public sector, and the implications for motivation and PRP design. Practical implications – The results indicated that the design of PRP schemes could influence their effectiveness and outcomes, and the research suggests how the challenges of designing and implementing PRP schemes can be overcome in the public sector. Social implications – The review highlights that when implementing PRP schemes there may be gender differences in their overall effectiveness (especially in education) and there must be consideration for how fairly the PRP scheme is perceived. Originality/value – The paper uses literature from economics and behavioural sciences when looking at the motivational implications for PRP in the public sector.

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