Bacteriophage cocktails displayed protective effects against soft rot-causing Pectobacterium sp.

Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium spp. is responsible for significant losses in vegetable production worldwide. Methods for the effective control of this disease are limited and are primarily based on good agricultural practices. The use of phages as biocontrol agents appears to be a promising alternative to combat phytopathogens. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of lytic phages against soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Designated as PPc_A3, PPc_D1, and PPc_J3, three bacteriophage isolates, which were recovered from symptomatic tissues and environmental samples, were observed to effectively lyse P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. PPc_A3 belongs to the Podoviridae family, while phages PPc_D1 and PPc_J3 belong to the Myoviridae family based on the morphological features of the virions as observed using transmission electron microscopy. The optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) differed greatly among the three phages. All survived incubations at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C and at pH ranging from 3.0 to 9.0, but were all inactivated at 60°C and at pH 12. Both monophage and cocktail preparations were effective in inhibiting the growth of P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in in vitro challenge tests. In the semi-in planta assays, monophage treatments resulted in significant reduction of tissue maceration in potato slices, while treatment with cocktail preparations completely inhibited the development of soft rot disease. Overall, these results demonstrate the efficacy of cocktail formulations of phages PPc_A3, PPc_D1, and PPc_J3 for the biocontrol of soft rot disease caused by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum.

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Kemampuan Bakteri Endofit Akar dan Ubi Kentang untuk Menekan Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) pada Ubi

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v27i3.10880 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Noor Istifadah ◽

Muhamad Salman Umar ◽

Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽

Luciana Djaya

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Potato Tuber ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Rot Disease

ABSTRACTThe abilities of endophytic bacteria from potato roots and tubers to suppress soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) in potato tuberSoft rot disease caused by Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora is one of limiting factors in cultivation and post harvest of potato. The eco-friendly control measure that can be developed for controlling the diseases is biological control. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include endophytic bacteria. This paper discussed the results of study examining the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots and tubers of potato to inhibit the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro and suppress soft rot disease in potato tuber. The results showed that among 24 isolates examined, four isolates of endophytic bacteria (one isolate from potato tuber and three isolates from potato roots) inhibited the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro with inhibition zone 3.5-6.8 mm. In the in vivo test, the isolates inhibited the soft rot disease in potato tuber by 71.5-86.4%. The isolate that tended to show relatively better inhibition in vitro and in vivo was isolate from potato tuber which is CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.)Keywords: Biological control, Endophytic bacteria, Post-harvest, Potato, Soft rot diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan bakteri Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya dan pascapanen kentang. Cara pengendalian ramah lingkungan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menekan penyakit tersebut adalah pengendalian biologi. Kelompok mikroba yang berpotensi sebagi agens pengendali biologi adalah bakteri endofit. Artikel ini mendiskusikan potensi isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari ubi dan akar kentang untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dan menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa diantara 24 isolat bakteri yang diuji, terdapat empat isolat bakteri endofit (satu isolat dari ubi kentang dan tiga isolat dari akar kentang) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dengan zona penghambatan sebesar 3,5-6,8 mm. Pada pengujian secara in vivo, isolat-isolat tersebut dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang sebesar 71,5-86,4%. Isolat yang cenderung menunjukkan penghambatan relatif lebih baik secara in vitro dan in vivo adalah isolat bakteri endofit asal ubi kentang yaitu isolat CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.).Kata Kunci: Pengendalian biologi, Bakteri endofit, Pascapanen, Kentang, Penyakit busuk basah

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Effects of Culture Conditions on the Antibacterial Activity of Streptomyces Spp. against Erwinia Spp. Causing Soft Rot Disease on Asparagus Officinalis

Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.31817/vjas.2021.4.2.08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1077-1086

Author(s):

Nguyen Thanh Trung ◽

Nguyen Thi Van Anh ◽

Tran Thi Dao ◽

Nguyen Thanh Huyen ◽

Pham Le Anh Minh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Effective Control ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Streptomyces Spp ◽

Rot Disease

Erwinia is a genus of Enterobacteriacea containing mostly pathogens, which cause soft rot disease in many ornamental plants and crops, including Asparagus officinalis. Chemical treatments to control Erwinia have lost their attractiveness because of the development of resistant strains and the negative impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, the study of biological controls of soft rot disease has gained great importance. There are several types of microorganisms that show activity against Erwinia spp. such as Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces spp. Among them, Streptomyces spp. are found to be the most effective control agents. In this study, 64 isolates of Streptomyces were screened for their antibacterial activity against Erwinia spp. The results indicated that 18 isolates showed an antagonistic reaction against Erwinia spp. Among them, isolate D5.1 showed the highest inhibition activity. In addition, the morphological and antibacterial activities of isolate D5.1 grown in different conditions were also characterized.

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Effect of some chemicals on incidence of poato soft rot disease in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v52i2.32936 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MM Rahman ◽

AA Khan ◽

IH Mian ◽

AM Akanda ◽

MZ Alam

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Bleaching Powder ◽

Carotovorum Subsp ◽

Rot Disease

Bactericidal effect was investigated by chemicals against potato soft rot bacteria in vitro and in storage. The chemicals were acetic acid, boric acid, bleaching powder, lactic acid, calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium hypo-chloride. Among eight chemicals only three chemicals viz. acetic acid, boric acid and bleaching powder showed bactericidal activity against potato soft rot bacteria Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (E. carotovora subsp. carotovora) P-138 in vitro. Based on the results of in vitro experiment three chemicals, acetic acid, boric acid and bleaching powder were used to control soft rot disease of potato in storage. Fresh potato tubers were dipped in 0.2% solution/suspensions of acetic acid, boric acid and bleaching powder for 30 min. Then soft rot bacteria Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum P-138 was inoculated on potato. Finally potatoes were stored for 22 weeks in net bags in sterilized condition. All the three chemicals significantly decreased the infection rate, loss in weight and increased percentage of disease reduction (PDR) of potato. Boric acid was the most effective in controlling the soft rot disease of potato in storage followed by acetic acid and bleaching powder. So these chemicals may be used for seed purpose storage of potato tubers for year round storage at farmers level.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(2), 135-140, 2017

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Impact of silver nanoparticles and two biological treatments to control soft rot disease in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-020-00347-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nasr A. Ghazy ◽

Omnia A. Abd El-Hafez ◽

A. M. El-Bakery ◽

Dalia I. H. El-Geddawy

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Biological Treatments ◽

Rot Disease

Abstract Background Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum was observed in various crops which lead to yield shortages and economic losses. Main body Therefore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments, aim to assess the effect of nanoparticles and biological treatments to control soft rot disease in sugar beet plant. The treatments comprised three silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) concentrations (50, 75, and 100 ppm), three Spirulina platensis extract concentrations (50, 75, and 100%), and Bacillus subtilis (1 × 109 CFU ml) 100%. Under in vitro condation, results of the antibacterial activity showed that the zones of inhibition recorded 4.33 cm for 100 ppm Ag NPs, 0.43 cm for 100% algal extract, and 0.2 cm for bacterial treatments. Also, disease incidence % of bacterial soft rot was significantly decreased in all treatments in pot and field experiments. For resistant enzymes activity, B. subtilis 100% showed the most effect (84 mg min−1), followed by S. platensis extract 75%, (57 mg min−1), and Ag NPs 75 ppm (44 mg min−1), for poly phenol oxidase (PPO) at 81 days after sowing (DAS), but at 102 DAS revealed opposite results. On the contrary, peroxidase (PO) at 81 DAS showed different effects where treatment with S. platensis extract 100% increased it significantly (0.546 mg min−1) compared to control (0.535 mg min−1). The same trend was observed at 102 DAS. These results were reflected on sugar quality where Ag NPs 100 ppm treatment recorded the highest significant value (20.5%) followed by S. platensis 75% (19 %); however, the differences among them were not statistically significant. Conclusion This study indicated that the potential benefits of using silver nanoparticles and two biological treatments to control soft rot disease in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L).

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Microspore Mutagenesis and In Vitro Selection for Resistance to Soft Rot Disease in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis).

Breeding Science ◽

10.1270/jsbbs.49.161 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Zhang Feng-Ian ◽

Yoshihito Takahata

Keyword(s):

Chinese Cabbage ◽

In Vitro Selection ◽

Brassica Campestris ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Selection For ◽

Rot Disease

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Biological control of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, the causal agent of bacterial soft rot in vegetables, in vitro and in vivo tests

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-021-00491-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Abd-El-Khair ◽

Tarek G. Abdel-Gaied ◽

Maurice S. Mikhail ◽

Ahmed I. Abdel-Alim ◽

Hamdy I. Seif El-Nasr

Keyword(s):

Potato Tuber ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽

Bacterial Soft Rot ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

In Vivo Tests ◽

Rot Disease

Abstract Background Several chemical bactericides were applied for controlling soft rot bacteria, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, which causes the destructive soft rot disease to many economically important vegetables, but because of their toxic hazards on human and environment became limit. The biocontrol was applied to control many plant pathogens. Therefore, this work is aimed to study the antagonistic activity of bacterial agents, i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas fluorescens, and fugal agents, i.e. Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma virens, to control bacterial soft rot disease under in vitro and in vivo tests. Results The tested treatments could protect the potato tubers against the development of soft rot. T. viride and T. virens were highly effective in reducing soft rot symptoms on inoculated potato tuber slices, when applied at the same time or 2 h before pathogen inoculation, while B. megaterium and T. harzianum were highly effective when applied at the same time or 2 h after pathogen inoculation. In whole potato tubers technique, B.pumilus highly protected the stored potato tuber under artificially infection conditions, than P. fluorescens, T. harzianum, B. subtilis, T. viride, T. virens and B. megaterium, respectively. Conclusion Application of fungal agents or specify the bacterial species can play an important role in controlling bacterial soft rot disease in vegetables and increase the stored periods of potato tubers under storage conditions without any toxic effects.

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In vitro efficacy of endophytic bacteria against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causing soft rot disease in banana

International Journal of Chemical Studies ◽

10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1ac.11532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 2087-2092

Author(s):

R Kalaivanan ◽

K Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan ◽

S Thiruvudainambi ◽

N Senthil ◽

A Beaulah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Carotovorum Subsp ◽

Rot Disease

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Efficacy of potent antagonistic yeast Wickerhamiella versatilis against soft rot disease of potato caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection ◽

10.1080/03235408.2019.1693236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (15-16) ◽

pp. 1125-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elhagag Ahmed Hassan ◽

Hadeel M. M. Khalil Bagy ◽

Shymaa R. Bashandy

Keyword(s):

Soft Rot ◽

Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Antagonistic Yeast ◽

Carotovorum Subsp ◽

Rot Disease

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Botanicals to Control Soft Rot Bacteria of Potato

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/796472 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. M. Rahman ◽

A. A. Khan ◽

M. E. Ali ◽

I. H. Mian ◽

A. M. Akanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Storage Condition ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Corchorus Capsularis ◽

Rot Disease ◽

And Storage

Extracts from eleven different plant species such as jute (Corchorus capsularisL.), cheerota (Swertia chiraitaHam.), chatim (Alstonia scholarisL.), mander (Erythrina variegata), bael (Aegle marmelosL.), marigold (Tagetes erecta), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (Allium sativumL.), neem (Azadiracta indica), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and turmeric (Curcuma longaL.) were tested for antibacterial activity against potato soft rot bacteria,E. carotovorasubsp.carotovora (Ecc)P-138, underin vitroand storage conditions. Previously,EccP-138 was identified as the most aggressive soft rot bacterium in Bangladeshi potatoes. Of the 11 different plant extracts, only extracts from dried jute leaves and cheerota significantly inhibited growth ofEccP-138in vitro. Finally, both plant extracts were tested to control the soft rot disease of potato tuber under storage conditions. In a 22-week storage condition, the treated potatoes were significantly more protected against the soft rot infection than those of untreated samples in terms of infection rate and weight loss. The jute leaf extracts showed more pronounced inhibitory effects onEcc-138 growth both inin vitroand storage experiments.

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