scholarly journals Frontal plane ankle stiffness increases with axial load independent of muscle activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Villamar ◽  
Eric J. Perreault ◽  
Daniel Ludvig
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Ankle Stability ◽  
Ankle Stiffness

ABSTRACTAnkle sprains are the most common musculoskeletal injury, typically resulting from excessive inversion of the ankle. One way to prevent excessive inversion and maintain ankle stability is to generate a stiffness that is sufficient to resist externally imposed rotations. Frontal-plane ankle stiffness increases as participants place more weight on their ankle, but whether this effect is due to muscle activation or axial loading of the ankle is unknown. Identifying whether and to what extent axial loading affects ankle stiffness is important in understanding what role the passive mechanics of the ankle joint play in maintaining its stability. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of passive axial load on frontal-plane ankle stiffness. We had subjects seated in a chair as an axial load was applied to the ankle ranging from 10% to 50% body weight. Small rotational perturbations were applied to the ankle in the frontal plane to estimate stiffness. We found a significant, linear, 3-fold increase in ankle stiffness with axial load from the range of 0% bodyweight to 50% bodyweight. This increase could not be due to muscle activity as we observed no significant axial-load-dependent change in any of the recorded muscle activations. These results demonstrate that axial loading is a significant contributor to maintaining frontal-plane ankle stability, and that disruptions to the mechanism mediating this sensitivity of stiffness to axial loading may result in pathological cases of ankle instability.

scholarly journals Muscle-Activation Onset Times With Shoes and Foot Orthoses in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Dingenen ◽  
Louis Peeraer ◽  
Kevin Deschamps ◽  
Steffen Fieuws ◽  
Luc Janssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Hip Muscles

Context Participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI) use an altered neuromuscular strategy to shift weight from double-legged to single-legged stance. Shoes and foot orthoses may influence these muscle-activation patterns. Objective To evaluate the influence of shoes and foot orthoses on onset times of lower extremity muscle activity in participants with CAI during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Musculoskeletal laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 15 people (9 men, 6 women; age = 21.8 ± 3.0 years, height = 177.7 ± 9.6 cm, mass = 72.0 ± 14.6 kg) who had CAI and wore foot orthoses were recruited. Intervention(s) A transition task from double-legged to single-legged stance was performed with eyes open and with eyes closed. Both limbs were tested in 4 experimental conditions: (1) barefoot (BF), (2) shoes only, (3) shoes with standard foot orthoses, and (4) shoes with custom foot orthoses (SCFO). Main Outcome Measure(s) The onset of activity of 9 lower extremity muscles was recorded using surface electromyography and a single force plate. Results Based on a full-factorial (condition, region, limb, vision) linear model for repeated measures, we found a condition effect (F3,91.8 = 9.39, P < .001). Differences among experimental conditions did not depend on limb or vision condition. Based on a 2-way (condition, muscle) linear model within each region (ankle, knee, hip), earlier muscle-activation onset times were observed in the SCFO than in the BF condition for the peroneus longus (P < .001), tibialis anterior (P = .003), vastus medialis obliquus (P = .04), and vastus lateralis (P = .005). Furthermore, the peroneus longus was activated earlier in the shoes-only (P = .02) and shoes-with-standard-foot-orthoses (P = .03) conditions than in the BF condition. No differences were observed for the hip muscles. Conclusions Earlier onset of muscle activity was most apparent in the SCFO condition for ankle and knee muscles but not for hip muscles during the transition from double-legged to single-legged stance. These findings might help clinicians understand how shoes and foot orthoses can influence neuromuscular control in participants with CAI.

scholarly journals Stability of Measurement Outcomes for Voluntary Task Performance in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability and Healthy Participants

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Van Deun ◽  
Karel Stappaerts ◽  
Oron Levin ◽  
Luc Janssens ◽  
Filip Staes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Recruitment ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Recruitment Order

Context: Acceptable measurement stability during data collection is critically important to research. To interpret differences in measurement outcomes among participants or changes within participants after an intervention program, we need to know whether the measurement is stable and consistent. Objective: To determine the within-session stability of muscle activation patterns for a voluntary postural-control task in a group of noninjured participants and a group of participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Musculoskeletal laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty control participants (8 men, 12 women; age = 21.8 ± 2.4 years, height = 164.3 ± 13.4 cm, mass = 68.4 ± 17.9 kg) and 20 participants with CAI (12 men, 8 women; age = 21.2 ± 2.1 years, height = 176 ± 10.2 cm, mass = 71.7 ± 11.3 kg). Intervention(s): Participants performed 4 barefoot standing trials, each of which included a 30-second double-legged stance followed by a 30-second single-legged stance in 3 conditions: with vision, without vision, and with vision on a balance pad. Main Outcome Measure(s): The activity of 7 muscles of the lower limb was measured for the stance task in the 3 different conditions for each trial. The onset of muscle activity and muscle recruitment order were determined and compared between the first and the fourth trials for both groups and for each condition. Results: We found no differences in the onset of muscle activity among trials for both groups or for each condition. The measurement error was 0.9 seconds at maximum for the control group and 0.12 seconds for the CAI group. In the control group, 70% to 80% of the participants used the same muscle recruitment order in both trials. In the CAI group, 75% to 90% used the same recruitment order. Conclusions: Within 1 session, measurement stability for this task was acceptable for use in further research. Furthermore, no differences were found in measurement stability across conditions in the control or CAI groups.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the effect of footwear, foot orthoses and taping on lower limb muscle activity during walking and running

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Reeves ◽  
Richard Jones ◽  
Anmin Liu ◽  
Leah Bent ◽  
Emma Plater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits

Background: External devices are used to manage musculoskeletal pathologies by altering loading of the foot, which could result in altered muscle activity that could have therapeutic benefits. Objectives: To establish if evidence exists that footwear, foot orthoses and taping alter lower limb muscle activity during walking and running. Study design: Systematic literature review. Methods: CINAHL, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science databases were searched. Quality assessment was performed using guidelines for assessing healthcare interventions and electromyography methodology. Results: Thirty-one studies were included: 22 related to footwear, eight foot orthoses and one taping. In walking, (1) rocker footwear apparently decreases tibialis anterior activity and increases triceps surae activity, (2) orthoses could decrease activity of tibialis posterior and increase activity of peroneus longus and (3) other footwear and taping effects are unclear. Conclusion: Modifications in shoe or orthosis design in the sagittal or frontal plane can alter activation in walking of muscles acting primarily in these planes. Adequately powered research with kinematic and kinetic data is needed to explain the presence/absence of changes in muscle activation with external devices. Clinical relevance This review provides some evidence that foot orthoses can reduce tibialis posterior activity, potentially benefitting specific musculoskeletal pathologies.

Lower Limb Joint Angular Position and Muscle Activity During Elliptical Exercise in Healthy Young Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max R. Paquette ◽  
Audrey Zucker-Levin ◽  
Paul DeVita ◽  
Joseph Hoekstra ◽  
David Pearsall
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Step Motion ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Gluteus Muscle

The purpose of this study was to compare lower extremity joint angular position and muscle activity during elliptical exercise using different foot positions and also during exercise on a lateral elliptical trainer. Sixteen men exercised on a lateral elliptical and on a standard elliptical trainer using straight foot position, increased toe-out angle, and a wide step. Motion capture and electromyography systems were used to obtain 3D lower extremity joint kinematics and muscle activity, respectively. The lateral trainer produced greater sagittal and frontal plane knee range of motion (ROM), greater peak knee flexion and extension, and higher vastus medialis activation compared with other conditions (P < .05). Toe-out and wide step produced the greatest and smallest peak knee adduction angles, respectively (P < .05). The lateral trainer produced greater sagittal and frontal plane hip ROM and greater peak hip extension and flexion compared with all other conditions (P < .05). Toe-out angle produced the largest peak hip external rotation angle and lowest gluteus muscle activation (P < .05). Findings from this study indicate that standard elliptical exercise with wide step may place the knee joint in a desirable frontal plane angular position to reduce medial knee loads, and that lateral elliptical exercise could help improve quadriceps strength but could also lead to larger knee contact forces.

scholarly journals Immediate effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack M Slevin ◽  
Graham P Arnold ◽  
Weijie Wang ◽  
Rami J Abboud
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Ankle Stability ◽  
Athletic Tape ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Platform System ◽  
Kinesiology Tape

BackgroundLateral ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, particularly among the sporting population. Due to such prevalence, many interventions have been tried to prevent initial, or further, ankle sprains. Current research shows that the use of traditional athletic tape can reduce the incidence of sprain recurrence, but this may be at a cost to athletic performance through restriction of motion. Kinesiology tape, which has become increasingly popular, is elastic in nature, and it is proposed by the manufacturers that it can correct ligament damage. Kinesiology tape, therefore, may be able to improve stability and reduce ankle sprain occurrence while overcoming the problems of traditional tape.AimTo assess the effect of kinesiology tape on ankle stability.Methods27 healthy individuals were recruited, and electromyography (EMG) measurements were recorded from the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles. Recordings were taken from the muscles of the dominant leg during induced sudden ankle inversion perturbations using a custom-made tilting platform system. This was performed with and without using kinesiology tape and shoes, creating four different test conditions: barefoot(without tape), shoe(without tape), barefoot(with tape) and shoe(with tape). For each test condition, the peak muscle activity, average muscle activity and the muscle latency were calculated.ResultsNo significant difference (p>0.05) was found by using the kinesiology tape on any of the measured variables while the wearing of shoes significantly increased all the variables.ConclusionKinesiology tape has no effect on ankle stability and is unable to nullify the detrimental effects that shoes appear to have.

scholarly journals Ankle Instability Patients Exhibit Altered Muscle Activation of Lower Extremity and Ground Reaction Force during Landing: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 373-390
Author(s):  
Hyung Gyu Jeon ◽  
Sae Yong Lee ◽  
Sung Eun Park ◽  
Sunghe Ha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Ground Reaction Force ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Significant Difference

This review aimed to investigate characteristics of muscle activation and ground reaction force (GRF) patterns in patients with ankle instability (AI). Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science through December 2019 for case-control study in any laboratory setting. Inclusion criteria for study selection were (1) subjects with chronic, functional, or mechanical instability or recurrent ankle sprains; (2) primary outcomes consisted of muscle activation of the lower extremity and GRF during landing; and (3) peer-reviewed articles with full text available, including mean, standard deviation, and sample size, to enable data reanalysis. We evaluated four variables related to landing task: (1) muscle activation of the lower extremity before landing, (2) muscle activation of the lower extremity during landing, (3) magnitude of GRF, and (4) time to peak GRF. The effect size using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for these variables to make comparisons across studies. Patients with AI had a lower activation of peroneal muscles before landing (SMD = -0.63, p < 0.001, CI = -0.95 to -0.31), greater peak vertical GRF (SMD = 0.21, p = 0.03, CI = 0.01 to 0.40), and shorter time to peak vertical GRF (SMD = -0.51, p < 0.001, CI = -0.72 to -0.29) than those of normal subjects during landing. There was no significant difference in other muscle activation and GRF components between the patients with AI and normal subjects (p > 0.05). Altered muscle activation and GRF before and during landing in AI cases may contribute to both recurrent ankle and ACL injuries and degenerative change of articular.

Peroneus Longus Muscle Activation Pattern during Gait Cycle in Athletes Affected by Functional Ankle Instability

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter Santilli ◽  
Massimo A. Frascarelli ◽  
Marco Paoloni ◽  
Flaminia Frascarelli ◽  
Filippo Camerota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Injured Side ◽  
Longus Muscle

Background Functional ankle instability is a clinical syndrome that may develop after acute lateral ankle sprain. Although several causes of this functional instability have been suggested, it is still unclear what the activation pattern of the peroneus longus muscle is in patients with functional ankle instability. Hypothesis Peroneus longus activation patterns differ in the injured side and the uninjured side in subjects with functional ankle instability. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods The authors examined 14 subjects with functional ankle instability by using surface electromyography during walking. Activation time of the peroneus longus muscle was expressed as a percentage of the stance phase of the gait cycle. Results A statistically significant decrease in peroneus longus muscle activity was found in the injured side compared with the uninjured side (22.8% ± 4.25% vs 37.6% ± 3.5%, respectively). Conclusions Results obtained in this study show a change in peroneus longus muscle activation time after injury. Independent of the origin of this change, which could only be surmised, the decrease in peroneus longus muscle activity may result in reduced protection against lateral sprains. Clinical Relevance The assessment of peroneus longus activation pattern during gait is useful to design an appropriate rehabilitation program in athletes suffering from functional ankle instability.

scholarly journals Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Patients With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability During Walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Feger ◽  
Luke Donovan ◽  
Joseph M. Hart ◽  
Jay Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Healthy Control

Context Ankle sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries, and many individuals with ankle sprains develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Individuals with CAI exhibit proprioceptive and postural-control deficits, as well as altered osteokinematics, during gait. Neuromuscular activity is theorized to play a pivotal role in CAI, but deficits during walking are unclear. Objective To compare motor-recruitment patterns as demonstrated by surface electromyography amplitudes between participants with CAI and healthy control participants during walking. Design Descriptive laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Fifteen adults with CAI (5 men, 10 women; age = 23 ± 4.2 years, height = 173 ± 10.8 cm, mass = 72.4 ± 14 kg) and 15 matched healthy control adults (5 men, 10 women; age = 22.9 ± 3.4 years, height = 173 ± 9.4 cm, mass = 70.8 ± 18 kg). Intervention(s) Participants walked shod on a treadmill while surface electromyography signals were recorded from the anterior tibialis, peroneus longus, lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and gluteus medius muscles. Main Outcome Measure(s) Preinitial contact amplitude, postinitial contact amplitude, time of activation relative to initial contact, and percentage of activation time across the stride cycle were calculated for each muscle. Results Time of activation for all muscles tested occurred earlier in the CAI group than in the control group. The peroneus longus was activated for a longer duration across the entire stride cycle in the CAI group (36.0% ± 10.3%) than the control group (23.3% ± 22.2%; P = .05). No differences were noted between groups for measures of electromyographic amplitude at either preinitial or postinitial contact (P &gt; .05). Conclusions We identified differences between the CAI and control groups in the timing of muscle activation relative to heel strike in multiple lower extremity muscles and in the percentage of activation time across the entire stride cycle in the peroneus longus muscle. Individuals with CAI demonstrated neuromuscular-activation strategies throughout the lower extremity that were different from those of healthy control participants. Targeted therapeutic interventions for CAI may need to be focused on restoring normal neuromuscular function during gait.

Medial Compressible Forefoot Sole Elements Reduce Ankle Inversion in Lateral SSC Jumps

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Fleischmann ◽  
Guillaume Mornieux ◽  
Dominic Gehring ◽  
Albert Gollhofer
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Foot Placement ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Ankle Inversion

Sideward movements are associated with high incidences of lateral ankle sprains. Special shoe constructions might be able to reduce these injuries during lateral movements. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether medial compressible forefoot sole elements can reduce ankle inversion in a reactive lateral movement, and to evaluate those elements’ influence on neuromuscular and mechanical adjustments in lower extremities. Foot placement and frontal plane ankle joint kinematics and kinetics were analyzed by 3-dimensional motion analysis. Electromyographic data of triceps surae, peroneus longus, and tibialis anterior were collected. This modified shoe reduced ankle inversion in comparison with a shoe with a standard sole construction. No differences in ankle inversion moments were found. With the modified shoe, foot placement occurred more internally rotated, and muscle activity of the lateral shank muscles was reduced. Hence, lateral ankle joint stability during reactive sideward movements can be improved by these compressible elements, and therefore lower lateral shank muscle activity is required. As those elements limit inversion, the strategy to control inversion angles via a high external foot rotation does not need to be used.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of EMG Applications for the Characterization of Forearm and Hand Muscle Activity during Activities of Daily Living: Results, Challenges, and Open Issues

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3035
Author(s):  
Néstor J. Jarque-Bou ◽  
Joaquín L. Sancho-Bru ◽  
Margarita Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Hand Motion ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Rehabilitation Protocols ◽  
Open Issues

The role of the hand is crucial for the performance of activities of daily living, thereby ensuring a full and autonomous life. Its motion is controlled by a complex musculoskeletal system of approximately 38 muscles. Therefore, measuring and interpreting the muscle activation signals that drive hand motion is of great importance in many scientific domains, such as neuroscience, rehabilitation, physiotherapy, robotics, prosthetics, and biomechanics. Electromyography (EMG) can be used to carry out the neuromuscular characterization, but it is cumbersome because of the complexity of the musculoskeletal system of the forearm and hand. This paper reviews the main studies in which EMG has been applied to characterize the muscle activity of the forearm and hand during activities of daily living, with special attention to muscle synergies, which are thought to be used by the nervous system to simplify the control of the numerous muscles by actuating them in task-relevant subgroups. The state of the art of the current results are presented, which may help to guide and foster progress in many scientific domains. Furthermore, the most important challenges and open issues are identified in order to achieve a better understanding of human hand behavior, improve rehabilitation protocols, more intuitive control of prostheses, and more realistic biomechanical models.

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