scholarly journals Reversable deformation of artificial cell colony for muscle behavior mimicry triggered by actin polymerization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiangxiang Zhang ◽  
Boyu Yang ◽  
Feng Wei ◽  
Yongshuo Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Reversible Deformation ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Contraction And Relaxation

The mimicry of living tissues from artificial cells is beneficial to understanding the interaction mechanism among cells, as well as holding great potentials in the tissue engineering field. Self-powered artificial cells capable of reversible deformation are developed by encapsulating living mitochondria, actin proteins, and methylcellulose. Upon the addition of pyruvate molecules, the mitochondria produce ATP molecules as energy sources to trigger the polymerization of actin. ATP molecules were produced by mitochondria (2.76×1010/ml) with the concentrations of 35.8±3.2 µ M, 158.2±19.3 µ M and 200.7±20.1 µ M by adding pyruvate molecules with the concentration of 3 µ M; 12 µ M and 21 µ M, respectively. The reversible deformation of artificial cells is experienced with spindle shape resulting from the polymerization of actins to form filaments adjacent to the lipid bilayer, subsequently back to spherical shape resulting from the depolymerization of actin filaments upon laser irradiations. The linear colonies composed of these artificial cells exhibit collective contraction and relaxation behavior to mimic muscle tissues. At the stage of maximum contraction, the long axis of each GUV is in parallel to each other. All colonies are synchronized in the contraction phase. The deformation of each GUV in the colonies is influenced by its adjacent GUVs. The muscle-like artificial cell colonies paved the path to develop sustainably self-powered artificial tissues in the field of tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Self-Propulsion Strategies for Artificial Cell-Like Compartments

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibon Santiago ◽  
Friedrich C. Simmel
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Emulsion Droplet ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Droplet Motion ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
A Current

Reconstitution of life-like properties in artificial cells is a current research frontier in synthetic biology. Mimicking metabolism, growth, and sensing are active areas of investigation; however, achieving motility and directional taxis are also challenging in the context of artificial cells. To tackle this problem, recent progress has been made that leverages the tools of active matter physics in synthetic biology. This review surveys the most significant achievements in designing motile cell-like compartments. In this context, strategies for self-propulsion are summarized, including, compartmentalization of catalytically active particles, phoretic propulsion of vesicles and emulsion droplet motion driven by Marangoni flows. This work showcases how the realization of motile protocells may impact biomedical engineering while also aiming at answering fundamental questions in locomotion of prebiotic cells.

Hemoperfusion Based on Artificial Cells for Aluminium and Iron Removal, Immunosorption, Fulminant Hepatic Failure, Uremia, Poisoning and Metabolic Assists

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M.S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fulminant Hepatic Failure ◽  
Hepatic Failure ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Volume Relationship ◽  
Charcoal Hemoperfusion

The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for chronic renal failure, poisoning, fulminant hepatic failure, removal of aluminium and iron, and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells (1-3). The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites (1-3). Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion (4). The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets (5) we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application (6, 7). This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

scholarly journals Protein synthesis in artificial cells: using compartmentalisation for spatial organisation in vesicle bioreactors

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 15534-15537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuval Elani ◽  
Robert V. Law ◽  
Oscar Ces
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Artificial Cell

Spatially segregated in vitro protein expression in a vesicle-based artificial cell, with different proteins synthesised in defined vesicle regions.

scholarly journals An artificial cell containing cyanobacteria for endosymbiosis mimicking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyu Yang ◽  
Shubin Li ◽  
Wei Mu ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Han
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Glucose Dehydrogenase ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Amplex Red ◽  
Enzyme Cascade ◽  
Artificial Cell

AbstractThe bottom-up constructed artificial cells help to understand the cell working mechanism and provide the evolution clues for organisms. Cyanobacteria are believed to be the ancestors of chloroplasts according to endosymbiosis theory. Herein we demonstrate an artificial cell containing cyanobacteria to mimic endosymbiosis phenomenon. The cyanobacteria sustainably produce glucose molecules by converting light energy into chemical energy. Two downstream “metabolic” pathways starting from glucose molecules are investigated. One involves enzyme cascade reaction to produce H2O2 (assisted by glucose oxidase) first, followed by converting Amplex red to resorufin (assisted by horseradish peroxidase). The more biological one involves nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) production in the presence of NAD+ and glucose dehydrogenase. Further, NADH molecules are oxidized into NAD+ by pyruvate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase, meanwhile, lactate is obtained. Therefore, the sustainable cascade cycling of NADH/NAD+ is built. The artificial cells built here simulate the endosymbiosis phenomenon, meanwhile pave the way for investigating more complicated sustainable energy supplied metabolism inside artificial cells.

scholarly journals Current standards and ethical landscape of engineered tissues—3D bioprinting perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204173142110276
Author(s):  
Muthu Parkkavi Sekar ◽  
Harshavardhan Budharaju ◽  
Allen Zennifer ◽  
Swaminathan Sethuraman ◽  
Niki Vermeulen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Functional Regeneration ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Cellular Components

Tissue engineering is an evolving multi-disciplinary field with cutting-edge technologies and innovative scientific perceptions that promise functional regeneration of damaged tissues/organs. Tissue engineered medical products (TEMPs) are biomaterial-cell products or a cell-drug combination which is injected, implanted or topically applied in the course of a therapeutic or diagnostic procedure. Current tissue engineering strategies aim at 3D printing/bioprinting that uses cells and polymers to construct living tissues/organs in a layer-by-layer fashion with high 3D precision. However, unlike conventional drugs or therapeutics, TEMPs and 3D bioprinted tissues are novel therapeutics and need different regulatory protocols for clinical trials and commercialization processes. Therefore, it is essential to understand the complexity of raw materials, cellular components, and manufacturing procedures to establish standards that can help to translate these products from bench to bedside. These complexities are reflected in the regulations and standards that are globally in practice to prevent any compromise or undue risks to patients. This review comprehensively describes the current legislations, standards for TEMPs with a special emphasis on 3D bioprinted tissues. Based on these overviews, challenges in the clinical translation of TEMPs & 3D bioprinted tissues/organs along with their ethical concerns and future perspectives are discussed.

scholarly journals Creation of Artificial Cell-Like Structures Promoted by Microfluidics Technologies

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Sato ◽  
Masahiro Takinoue
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Oil Emulsions

The creation of artificial cells is an immensely challenging task in science. Artificial cells contribute to revealing the mechanisms of biological systems and deepening our understanding of them. The progress of versatile biological research fields has clarified many biological phenomena, and various artificial cell models have been proposed in these fields. Microfluidics provides useful technologies for the study of artificial cells because it allows the fabrication of cell-like compartments, including water-in-oil emulsions and giant unilamellar vesicles. Furthermore, microfluidics also allows the mimicry of cellular functions with chip devices based on sophisticated chamber design. In this review, we describe contributions of microfluidics to the study of artificial cells. Although typical microfluidic methods are useful for the creation of artificial-cell compartments, recent methods provide further benefits, including low-cost fabrication and a reduction of the sample volume. Microfluidics also allows us to create multi-compartments, compartments with artificial organelles, and on-chip artificial cells. We discuss these topics and the future perspective of microfluidics for the study of artificial cells and molecular robotics.

Core Technologies for the Enabling of Tissue Engineering

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Nerem
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Medical Implant ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Living Tissues

Abstract There is a new, emerging area of technology which has the potential to revolutionize the medical implant industry. This is tissue engineering or what I call the engineering of living tissues. The definition of this new, emerging area is the development of biological substitutes and/or the fostering of remodeling and regeneration, with the purpose being to replace, repair, maintain, and/or enhance tissue function.

Biomimetic artificial cells to model the effect of membrane asymmetry on chemoresistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elanna B. Stephenson ◽  
Katherine S. Elvira
Keyword(s):  
Cell Models ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Microfluidic Platform ◽  
Membrane Asymmetry ◽  
Artificial Cell

We present a microfluidic platform that enables the formation of bespoke asymmetric droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) as artificial cell models from naturally-derived lipids. We use them to perform pharmacokinetic assays...

Controlled metabolic cascades for protein synthesis in an artificial cell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Sungwoo Lee ◽  
Kwanwoo Shin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
Metabolic Reaction ◽  
Lipid Bilayer Membranes ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Bilayer Membranes ◽  
Artificial Cell ◽  
Control Protein

In recent years, researchers have been pursuing a method to design and to construct life forms from scratch — in other words, to create artificial cells. In many studies, artificial cellular membranes have been successfully fabricated, allowing the research field to grow by leaps and bounds. Moreover, in addition to lipid bilayer membranes, proteins are essential factors required to construct any cellular metabolic reaction; for that reason, different cell-free expression systems under various conditions to achieve the goal of controlling the synthetic cascades of proteins in a confined area have been reported. Thus, in this review, we will discuss recent issues and strategies, enabling to control protein synthesis cascades that are being used, particularly in research on artificial cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document