Influenza A H1N1 mediated pre-existing immunity to SARS-CoV-2 predicts COVID-19 outbreak dynamics

Susceptibility to SARSCoV2 infections is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic and mild infections in most, to deadly outcome in few. Here, we present evidence that antibodies induced by currently circulating influenza A H1N1 (flu) strains cross react with the most critical receptor binding motif of the SARSCoV2 spike protein that interacts with the ACE2 receptor. About 58 to 68% of blood donors in Stockholm had detectable antibodies to this cross-reactive peptide, NGVEGF, and seasonal flu vaccination trended to enhance binding of inhibitory antibodies to SARSCoV2. This peptide also activated CD8 T cells in 20% of healthy subjects. Eleven additional CD8 T cell peptides that cross react with flu and SARSCoV2 were identified that potentially protect against SARSCoV2 in 40 to 71% of individuals, depending on their HLA type.

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Immune Activation and Viral Replication after Vaccination with an Influenza A H1N1 2009 Vaccine in HIV-Infected Children Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2013/276547 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nattawat Onlamoon ◽

Petai Unpol ◽

Michittra Boonchan ◽

Kasama Sukapirom ◽

Orasri Wittawatmongkol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Viral Replication ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Immune Activation ◽

Influenza A ◽

Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽

Hla Dr ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

The Impact

Immunization with a pandemic influenza A H1N1 2009 was recommended for HIV-infected patients. However, there is limited information concerning the impact of immunization with this vaccine on immune activation and HIV viral replication. In this study, 45 HIV-infected children and adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy were immunized with a 2-dose series of nonadjuvated monovalent influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine upon enrollment and approximately 1 month later. Immunogenicity was determined by haemagglutination inhibition assay. The level of immune activation was determined by identification of CD38 and HLA-DR on CD8+ T cells. Patients were divided into 2 groups which include patients who had an undetectable HIV viral load (HIV detectable group) and patients who show virological failure (HIV nondetectable group). The results showed seroconversion rate of 55.2% in HIV nondetectable group, whereas 31.3% was found in HIV detectable group. Both groups of patients showed no major increase in immune activation after immunization. Interestingly, a decrease in the frequency of CD8+ T cells that coexpressed CD38 and HLA-DR was observed after immunization in both groups of patients. We suggested that immunization with influenza A H1N1 2009 vaccine can induce immune response to the pandemic virus without major impact on HIV viral replication and immune activation.

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The PDZ-binding motif of the avian NS1 protein affects transmission of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.132 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 449 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jin Il Kim ◽

Min-Woong Hwang ◽

Ilseob Lee ◽

Sehee Park ◽

Sangmoo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Binding Motif ◽

Ns1 Protein ◽

Influenza A H1n1

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Seroprevalence of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in Australian blood donors, October – December 2009

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/ese.15.40.19678-en ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (40) ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

J McVernon ◽

K Laurie ◽

T Nolan ◽

R Owen ◽

D Irving ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pandemic Influenza ◽

Influenza A ◽

Blood Donors ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

Binary File ◽

Influenza A H1n1

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches

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Feasibility and utility of influenza vaccination in hematology/oncology clinics.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2013.31.31_suppl.166 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (31_suppl) ◽

pp. 166-166

Author(s):

Navjeet Uppal ◽

Swanee Tobin ◽

Jennifer Cape ◽

Matthew Muller ◽

Lisa K. Hicks

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccination ◽

Family Physician ◽

Influenza A ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Medical Practitioner ◽

Seasonal Influenza Vaccination ◽

Flu Vaccination ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Seasonal Flu ◽

Flu Shot

166 Background: Seasonal influenza vaccination is recommended for cancer patients. However, many cancer clinics do not routinely offer flu shots. Early in January, 2013, Toronto experienced widespread influenza activity. Approximately 25% of hospitalizations on the hematology/oncology ward at St. Michael's Hospital (SMH) during this time were for suspected influenza. A large number of patients were noted to be unvaccinated. In-response, influenza vaccination was organized in parallel with regular hematology/oncology clinics at SMH. Aims: To determine the feasibility and utility of influenza vaccination in a cancer clinic. Methods: All patients seen in the SMH hematology/oncology clinic between January 14 and February 1, 2013, were eligible for influenza vaccination. A brief survey was administered to obtain vaccination history, willingness to receive flu vaccination, and beliefs about flu vaccination. Information regarding diagnosis, treatment, and family physician was obtained from the medical record. Univariate testing was completed with the Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate. Results: 555 patients were seen during the period of interest; 206 completed the survey (37% response rate). Median age of respondents was 63 years, 42% were male, and 81% had cancer. 107(52%) of respondents had not received seasonal influenza vaccination of whom 41 (38%) accepted vaccination when offered. Among vaccinated patients, most received the flu shot from a family physician (70%). Reasons for not receiving the flu shot were personal preference (24%), belief that it was not necessary (19%), inconvenience (14%), concerns about side effects (8%), believe that it was contraindicated during chemotherapy (7%) and a perception that a medical practitioner advised against it (7%). Patients without a registered family physician were less likely to have received the seasonal flu shot (p=0.03). Patients with a malignant diagnosis and patients receiving IV chemotherapy tended to have lower rates of seasonal flu vaccination (p=0.09 and p=0.12 respectively). Conclusions: Administering influenza vaccination during hematology/oncology clinics is feasible and may address a care gap in this population.

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Adverse effects of seasonal flu vaccine and new influenza A (H1N1) vaccine in health care workers

Archivos de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales ◽

10.12961/aprl.2013.16.1.03 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joan Inglés Torruella ◽

Rosa Gil Soto ◽

Rosa Carreras Valls ◽

Judith Valverde Lozano ◽

Dolors Benito Carreras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Vaccine ◽

Care Workers ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Seasonal Flu ◽

Flu Vaccine

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Reasons for Low Pandemic H1N1 2009 Vaccine Acceptance within a College Sample

Advances in Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/242518 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Russell D. Ravert ◽

Linda Y. Fu ◽

Gregory D. Zimet

Keyword(s):

Health Beliefs ◽

Influenza A ◽

Online Survey ◽

Health Belief ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

H1n1 Vaccine ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

College Population ◽

Seasonal Flu ◽

Flu Vaccine

This study examined health beliefs associated with novel influenza A (H1N1) immunization among US college undergraduates during the 2009-2010 pandemic. Undergraduates (ages 18–24 years) from a large Midwestern University were invited to complete an online survey during March, 2010, five months after H1N1 vaccines became available. Survey items measured H1N1 vaccine history and H1N1-related attitudes based on the health belief literature. Logistic regression was used to identify attitudes associated with having received an H1N1 vaccine, and thematic analysis of student comments was conducted to further understand influences on vaccine decisions. Among the 296 students who participated in the survey, 15.2% reported having received an H1N1 vaccine. In regression analysis, H1N1 immunization was associated with seasonal flu vaccine history, perceived vaccine effectiveness, perceived obstacles to vaccination, and vaccine safety concerns. Qualitative results illustrate the relationship of beliefs to vaccine decisions, particularly in demonstrating that students often held concerns that vaccine could cause H1N1 or side effects. Vaccine safety, efficacy, and obstacles to immunization were major considerations in deciding whether to accept the H1N1 pandemic vaccine. Therefore, focusing on those aspects might be especially useful in future vaccine efforts within the college population.

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Influenza co-infection associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients

Virology Journal ◽

10.1186/s12985-021-01594-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bandar Alosaimi ◽

Asif Naeem ◽

Maaweya E. Hamed ◽

Haitham S. Alkadi ◽

Thamer Alanazi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Influenza A ◽

Direct Relationship ◽

Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽

Human Adenovirus ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Flu Vaccination ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Background In COVID-19 patients, undetected co-infections may have severe clinical implications associated with increased hospitalization, varied treatment approaches and mortality. Therefore, we investigated the implications of viral and bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Methods Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from 48 COVID-19 patients (29% ICU and 71% non-ICU) and screened for the presence of 24 respiratory pathogens using six multiplex PCR panels. Results We found evidence of co-infection in 34 COVID-19 patients (71%). Influenza A H1N1 (n = 17), Chlamydia pneumoniae (n = 13) and human adenovirus (n = 10) were the most commonly detected pathogens. Viral co-infection was associated with increased ICU admission (r = 0.1) and higher mortality (OR 1.78, CI = 0.38–8.28) compared to bacterial co-infections (OR 0.44, CI = 0.08–2.45). Two thirds of COVID-19 critically ill patients who died, had a co-infection; and Influenza A H1N1 was the only pathogen for which a direct relationship with mortality was seen (r = 0.2). Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of screening for co-infecting viruses in COVID-19 patients, that could be the leading cause of disease severity and death. Given the high prevalence of Influenza co-infection in our study, increased coverage of flu vaccination is encouraged to mitigate the transmission of influenza virus during the on-going COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the risk of severe outcome and mortality.

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