scholarly journals A combinatorial lipid code shapes the electrostatic landscape of plant endomembranes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Pierre Platre ◽  
Mehdi Doumane ◽  
Vincent Bayle ◽  
Mathilde Laetitia Audrey Simon ◽  
Lilly Maneta-Peyret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Intracellular Trafficking ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Membrane Electrostatics ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 4 ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge ◽  
Cellular Organelles

AbstractMembrane surface charge is critical for the transient, yet specific recruitment of proteins with polybasic regions to certain organelles. In all eukaryotes, the plasma membrane (PM) is the most electronegative compartment of the cell, which specifies its identity. As such, membrane electrostatics is a central parameter in signaling, intracellular trafficking and polarity. Here, we explore which are the lipids that control membrane electrostatics using plants as a model. We show that phosphatidic acidic (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) are separately required to generate the electrostatic signature of the plant PM. In addition, we reveal the existence of an electrostatic territory that is organized as a gradient along the endocytic pathway and is controlled by PS/PI4P combination. Altogether, we propose that combinatorial lipid composition of the cytosolic leaflet of cellular organelles not only defines the plant electrostatic territory but also distinguishes different compartments within this territory by specifying their varying surface charges.

scholarly journals Contribution of phosphatidylserine to membrane surface charge and protein targeting during phagosome maturation

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Yeung ◽  
Bryan Heit ◽  
Jean-Francois Dubuisson ◽  
Gregory D. Fairn ◽  
Basil Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Surface Charge ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Protein Targeting ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Phagosome Maturation ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Biosensor ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge

During phagocytosis, the phosphoinositide content of the activated membrane decreases sharply, as does the associated surface charge, which attracts polycationic proteins. The cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane is enriched in phosphatidylserine (PS); however, a lack of suitable probes has precluded investigation of the fate of this phospholipid during phagocytosis. We used a recently developed fluorescent biosensor to monitor the distribution and dynamics of PS during phagosome formation and maturation. Unlike the polyphosphoinositides, PS persists on phagosomes after sealing even when other plasmalemmal components have been depleted. High PS levels are maintained through fusion with endosomes and lysosomes and suffice to attract cationic proteins like c-Src to maturing phagosomes. Phagocytic vacuoles containing the pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Chlamydia trachomatis, which divert maturation away from the endolysosomal pathway, are devoid of PS, have little surface charge, and fail to recruit c-Src. These findings highlight a function for PS in phagosome maturation and microbial killing.

scholarly journals Lipid anchoring and electrostatic interactions target the phospholipase NOT-LIKE-DAD to pollen endo-plasma membrane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurine M. Gilles ◽  
Veronica La Padula ◽  
Nathanaël M.A. Jacquier ◽  
Jean-Pierre Martinant ◽  
Peter M. Rogowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Wild Type Female ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge

AbstractPhospholipases are ubiquitous enzymes that cleave phospholipids, one major constituent of membranes. They are thus essential for many developmental processes, including male gamete development. In flowering plants, mutation of phospholipase NOT-LIKE-DAD (NLD) leads to peculiar defects in sexual reproduction. Indeed, pollination of a wild-type female with mutant pollen generates haploid embryos containing solely maternal genetic information. Contrary to previous reports NLD does not localize to cytosol and plasma membrane (PM) of sperm cells but to the pollen endo-plasma membrane (endo-PM), a specific membrane derived from the PM of the pollen vegetative cell that encircles the two sperm cells. Pharmacological approaches coupled with targeted mutagenesis revealed that lipid anchoring together with electrostatic interactions between membrane and NLD are involved in the attachment of NLD to this atypical endo-PM. Membrane surface-charge and anionic lipid bio-sensors indicated that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(4,5)P2) is enriched in the endo-PM as compared to the PM. Our results uncover a unique example of how membrane electrostatic properties can specify a unique polar domain (i.e. endo-PM), which is critical for plant reproduction and gamete formation.

Lipid anchoring and electrostatic interactions target NOT-LIKE-DAD to pollen endo-plasma membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 220 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurine M. Gilles ◽  
Andrea R.M. Calhau ◽  
Veronica La Padula ◽  
Nathanaël M.A. Jacquier ◽  
Claire Lionnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Targeted Mutagenesis ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Haploid Embryos ◽  
Membrane Surface Charge ◽  
Specific Membrane

Phospholipases cleave phospholipids, major membrane constituents. They are thus essential for many developmental processes, including male gamete development. In flowering plants, mutation of phospholipase NOT-LIKE-DAD (NLD, also known as MTL or ZmPLA1) leads to peculiar defects in sexual reproduction, notably the induction of maternal haploid embryos. Contrary to previous reports, NLD does not localize to cytosol and plasma membrane of sperm cells but to the pollen endo-plasma membrane (endo-PM), a specific membrane derived from the PM of the pollen vegetative cell that encircles the two sperm cells. After pollen tube burst, NLD localizes at the apical region of the egg apparatus. Pharmacological approaches coupled with targeted mutagenesis revealed that lipid anchoring together with electrostatic interactions are involved in the attachment of NLD to this atypical endo-PM. Membrane surface-charge and lipid biosensors indicated that phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate is enriched in the endo-PM, uncovering a unique example of how membrane electrostatic properties can define a specific polar domain (i.e., endo-PM), which is critical for plant reproduction and gamete formation.

scholarly journals A Systematic Approach to Identify Recycling Endocytic Cargo Depending on the GARP Complex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Eising ◽  
Lisa Thiele ◽  
Florian Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Garp Complex

AbstractProteins and lipids of the plasma membrane underlie constant remodeling via a combination of the secretory- and the endocytic pathway. In the yeast endocytic pathway, cargo is sorted for recycling to the plasma membrane or degradation in vacuoles. In a previous paper we have shown a role for the GARP complex in sphingolipid sorting and homeostasis (Fröhlich et al. 2015). However, the majority of cargo sorted in a GARP dependent process remain largely unknown. Here we use auxin induced degradation of GARP combined with mass spectrometry based vacuolar proteomics and lipidomics to show that recycling of two specific groups of proteins, the amino-phospholipid flippases and cell wall synthesis proteins depends on a functional GARP complex. Our results suggest that mis-sorting of flippases and remodeling of the lipid composition are the first occurring defects in GARP mutants. Our assay can be adapted to systematically map cargo of the entire endocytic pathway.

THE ROLE OF MEMBRANE ELECTROSTATICS IN THE REGULATION OF CELL VOLUME AND ION CONCENTRATIONS

1999 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 255-284
Author(s):  
S. GENET ◽  
R. COSTALAT
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Differential Algebraic Equations ◽  
Osmotic Regulation ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Na Pump ◽  
Membrane Electrostatics ◽  
Stable Stationary State

We present a model to study how membrane surface negative charges can affect the electro-osmotic regulation properties of a cell. This model is based on the cellular analog proposed by Jakobsson, which includes passive and active ion transports; we further introduce the effect of membrane surface charges, using a generalized formulation of the Gouy–Chapman theory. We derive a system of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) which describes the dynamics of the cellular analog. The system admits a unique asymptotically stable stationary state, in which the Na-pump rate, which is crucial for electro-osmotic regulation, is inversely related to the Ca 2+ level in the extracellular milieu; numerical integration shows that this apparent inhibition of the Na-pump by external Ca 2+ results from a decrease in the electrostatic field produced by surface charges at the external side of the membrane. Furthermore, the degree of stability of the stationary state dramatically depends on the amount of negative charges on the membrane; a maximal stability is obtained for densities around - e /500 Å2, where the Na-pump is maximally activated by an increase in the Na content of the cytoplasm.

scholarly journals Phosphoinositide-mediated ring anchoring resists perpendicular forces to promote medial cytokinesis

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (10) ◽  
pp. 3041-3050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe E. Snider ◽  
Alaina H. Willet ◽  
Jun-Song Chen ◽  
Göker Arpağ ◽  
Marija Zanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Myosin V ◽  
Contractile Ring ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 4

Many eukaryotic cells divide by assembling and constricting an actin- and myosin-based contractile ring (CR) that is physically linked to the plasma membrane (PM). In this study, we report that Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells lacking efr3, which encodes a conserved PM scaffold for the phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase Stt4, build CRs that can slide away from the cell middle during anaphase in a myosin V–dependent manner. The Efr3-dependent CR-anchoring mechanism is distinct from previously reported pathways dependent on the Fes/CIP4 homology Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs167 (F-BAR) protein Cdc15 and paxillin Pxl1. In efr3Δ, the concentrations of several membrane-binding proteins were reduced in the CR and/or on the PM. Our results suggest that proper PM lipid composition is important to stabilize the central position of the CR and resist myosin V–based forces to promote the fidelity of cell division.

Role of plasma membrane surface charges in dictating the feasibility of membrane-nanoparticle interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (26) ◽  
pp. 263702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayandev Sinha ◽  
Haoyuan Jing ◽  
Harnoor Singh Sachar ◽  
Siddhartha Das
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Nanoparticle Interactions ◽  
Plasma Membrane Surface

scholarly journals An electrophysiological approach to measure changes in the membrane surface potential in real time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Burtscher ◽  
Matej Hotka ◽  
Michael Freissmuth ◽  
Walter Sandtner
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Surface Potential ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Membrane Capacitance ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Surface Charges ◽  
Fixed Charges ◽  
Capacitive Properties ◽  
A Cell

AbstractBiological membranes carry fixed charges at their surfaces. These arise primarily from phospholipid head groups. In addition, membrane proteins contribute to the surface potential with their charged residues. Membrane lipids are asymmetrically distributed. Because of this asymmetry the net negative charge at the inner leaflet exceeds that at the outer leaflet. Changes in surface potential are predicted to shape the capacitive properties of the membrane (i.e. the ability of the membrane to store electrical charges). Here, we show that it is possible to detect changes in surface potential by an electrophysiological approach: the analysis of cellular currents relies on assuming that the electrical properties of a cell are faithfully described by a three-element circuit - i.e. the minimal equivalent circuit - comprised of two resistors and one capacitor. However, to account for changes in surface potential it is necessary to add a battery to this circuit connected in series with the capacitor. This extended circuit model predicts that the current response to a square-wave voltage pulse harbors information, which allows for separating the changes in surface potential from a true capacitance change. We interrogated our model by investigating changes in capacitance induced by ligand binding to the serotonin transporter (SERT) and to the glycine transporters (GlyT1 and GlyT2). The experimental observations were consistent with the predictions of the extended circuit. We conclude that ligand-induced changes in surface potential (reflecting the binding event) and in true membrane capacitance (reflecting the concomitant conformational change) can be detected in real time even in instances where they occur simultaneously.Statement of SignificanceThe plasma membrane of a cell possesses fixed charges on both surfaces. Surface charges play an important role in many biological processes. However, the mechanisms, which regulate the surface charge densities at the plasma membrane, are poorly understood. This is in part due to lack of experimental approaches that allow for detecting changes in surface charges in real time. Here, we show that it is possible to track alterations in the electric potential at the membrane surface with high temporal resolution by an electrophysiological approach. Importantly, the described method allows for discriminating between a change in surface potential and a change in true membrane capacitance (e.g. a change in membrane area), even if these occur in parallel.

Is plasma membrane lipid composition defined in the exocytic or the endocytic pathway?

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allan ◽  
Karl-Josef Kallen
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Membrane Lipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Membrane Lipid

scholarly journals A systematic approach to identify recycling endocytic cargo depending on the GARP complex

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Eising ◽  
Lisa Thiele ◽  
Florian Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Endocytic Pathway ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Dependent Process ◽  
Garp Complex

Proteins and lipids of the plasma membrane underlie constant remodeling via a combination of the secretory- and the endocytic pathway. In the yeast endocytic pathway, cargo is sorted for recycling to the plasma membrane or degradation in vacuoles. Previously we have shown a role for the GARP complex in sphingolipid sorting and homeostasis (Fröhlich et al. 2015). However, the majority of cargo sorted in a GARP dependent process remain largely unknown. Here we use auxin induced degradation of GARP combined with mass spectrometry based vacuolar proteomics and lipidomics to show that recycling of two specific groups of proteins, the amino-phospholipid flippases and cell wall synthesis proteins depends on a functional GARP complex. Our results suggest that mis-sorting of flippases and remodeling of the lipid composition are the first occurring defects in GARP mutants. Our assay can be adapted to systematically map cargo of the entire endocytic pathway.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document