scholarly journals Integrated systems biology and imaging of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuck R. Smallwood ◽  
Jian-Hua Chen ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
William Chrisler ◽  
Samuel O. Purvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
Nitrogen Depletion ◽  
Free Living ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Ostreococcus Tauri ◽  
Significant Expression ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractOstreococcus tauri is an ancient phototrophic microalgae that possesses favorable genetic and cellular characteristics for reductionist studies probing biosystem design and dynamics. Here multimodal bioimaging and multi-omics techniques were combined to interrogate O. tauri cellular changes in response to variations in bioavailable nitrogen and carbon ratios. Confocal microscopy, stimulated Raman scattering, and cryo-soft x-ray tomography revealed whole cell ultrastructural dynamics and composition while proteomic and lipidomic profiling captured changes at the molecular and macromolecular scale.Despite several energy dense long-chain triacylglycerol lipids showing more than 40-fold higher abundance under N deprivation, only a few proteins directly associated with lipid biogenesis showed significant expression changes. However, the entire pathway for starch granule biosynthesis was highly upregulated suggesting much of the cellular energy is preferentially directed towards starch over lipid accumulation. Additionally, three of the five most downregulated and five of the ten most upregulated proteins during severe nitrogen depletion were unnamed protein products that warrant additional biochemical analysis and functional annotation to control carbon transformation dynamics in this smallest eukaryote.

Spin-crossover iron(II) long-chain complex with slow spin equilibrium at low temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Jin-Peng Xue ◽  
Zhi-Kun Liu ◽  
Zi-Shuo Yao ◽  
Jun Tao
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Spin Crossover ◽  
Chain Complex ◽  
Mononuclear Complex ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Long Chain

A mononuclear complex with long alkyl chains, [FeII(H2Bpz2)2(C9bpy)] (1; H2Bpz2 = dihydrobis(1-pyrazolyl)borate, C9bpy = 4,4'-dinonyl-2,2'-bipyridine), was synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies revealed that - and - forms of the complex...

Prospective enzymes for omega-3 PUFA biosynthesis found in endoparasitic classes within the phylum Platyhelminthes

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Babaran ◽  
M.T. Arts ◽  
R.J. Botelho ◽  
S.A. Locke ◽  
J. Koprivnikar
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Pufa Biosynthesis ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract The free-living infectious stages of macroparasites, specifically, the cercariae of trematodes (flatworms), are likely to be significant (albeit underappreciated) vectors of nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to consumers within aquatic food webs, and other macroparasites could serve similar roles. In the context of de novo omega-3 (n-3) PUFA biosynthesis, it was thought that most animals lack the fatty acid (FA) desaturase enzymes that convert stearic acid (18:0) into ɑ-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), the main FA precursor for n-3 long-chain PUFA. Recently, novel sequences of these enzymes were recovered from 80 species from six invertebrate phyla, with experimental confirmation of gene function in five phyla. Given this wide distribution, and the unusual attributes of flatworm genomes, we conducted an additional search for genes for de novo n-3 PUFA in the phylum Platyhelminthes. Searches with experimentally confirmed sequences from Rotifera recovered nine relevant FA desaturase sequences from eight species in four genera in the two exclusively endoparasite classes (Trematoda and Cestoda). These results could indicate adaptations of these particular parasite species, or may reflect the uneven taxonomic coverage of sequence databases. Although additional genomic data and, particularly, experimental study of gene functionality are important future validation steps, our results indicate endoparasitic platyhelminths may have enzymes for de novo n-3 PUFA biosynthesis, thereby contributing to global PUFA production, but also representing a potential target for clinical antihelmintic applications.

Stimulated Raman scattering in helium with soft-x-ray laser radiation

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 5374-5377 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Fill ◽  
S. J. van Enk ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
P. Lambropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stimulated Raman

Discotic Liquid Crystals of Transition metal Complexes 23: Synthesis and Mesomorphism of Tetrakis(3,4-di-n-alkylphenyl)porphyrin Derivatives and Their Metal Complexes

1999 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAZUCHIKA OHTA ◽  
MASAHIRO ANDO ◽  
IWAO YAMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Transition Metal Complexes ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Discotic Liquid Crystals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Porphyrin Derivatives ◽  
Crystal Phases ◽  
Long Chain

Five novel long-chain-substituted porphyrin derivatives, tetrakis(3,4-dialkylphenyl)porphyrins (abbreviated as (Cn)8 TPPH 2 (n = 8, 12, 18), ( C 18)8 TPPCu and ( C 18)8 TPPNi ), were synthesized and their mesomorphism was investigated. It was found that the (Cn)8 TPPH 2 (n = 8, 12), derivatives are isotropic liquids at room temperature and that each of the ( C 18)8 TPPM ( M ≡ H 2, Cu , Ni ) derivatives has two liquid crystal phases M1 and M2 and two unidentified phases X1 and X2. It was revealed by X-ray studies that the M2 phase is a discotic lamellar (DL) phase. Interestingly, these porphyrin derivatives exhibit not a columnar but a lamellar mesophase, even though they have a disk-like central core with eight alkyl chains in the surroundings.

The Epicuticle of an Arachnid, Palamneus swammerdami

1954 ◽  
Vol s3-95 (31) ◽  
pp. 371-381
Author(s):  
G. KRISHNAN
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Thin Membrane ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chemical Constitution ◽  
Long Chain

The epicuticle of Palamneus swammerdami in the unhardened condition is homogeneous. It stains uniformly red with Mallory. When hardened, it comprises an internal unstained region, giving evidence of --S--S-- bonding, and is bounded externally by a very thin membrane which stains blue with Mallory. The protein of the inner basal layer differs from its counterpart in the insect epicuticle in the absence of tyrosine, in the occurrence of cystine and cysteine, and in being resistant to the action of hot alkalis. Though apparently related to the keratin of vertebrates, it is not identical with it. The outer thin membrane is lipide in nature. X-ray diffraction studies show that the epicuticular protein is unique: it is unlike both arthropodin and the keratin of vertebrates. However, the outer membrane of the epicuticle yields a diffraction pattern indicating the presence of long-chain paraffins and is similar to the outer epicuticle of the blowfly larva. The chitin of the cuticle appears to be identical in pattern with that of insects. In spite of differences in structural and chemical constitution, the epicuticle of the scorpion shows a resemblance to the basic pattern of the insect epicuticle. The differences may be attributed to the absence of phenolic tanning and the occurrence of --S--S-- bonding. The possible role of the purines present in the cuticle of the scorpion is discussed in relation to --S--S-- bonding.

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