Potassium Iodate: A New Versatile Reagent to Determine the Iodine Value of Edible Oils

Iodine value is regarded as one of the essential parameters to establish edible oils' quality and identity. The research paper describes a simple visual titrating procedure to ascertain the iodine number of oils. The method involves adding potassium iodate to polyunsaturated constituents (alkene double bonds) in fatty material along with ethanoic acid, followed by the determination of unreacted potassium iodate by titrating against a standard solution of sodium thiosulfate in the presence of potassium iodide via the iodometric method. The iodine value of various edible oils determined by the new reagent potassium iodate was found to agree with the results of standard methods like the Hnaus method.

Fuzzy-based Decision for Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosis: Systematic Literature Review

Coronary heart disease is usually caused by a buildup of fatty material and plaque inside the coronary arteries. The death rate caused by coronary heart diseases is threatening around the world. For the past two decades, most of the people from developing countries are suffering from heart disease. Diagnosing these diseases at earlier stages helps patients reduce the risk of death and also in reducing the cost of treatment. Decisions in medical diagnosis are mostly taken by expert’s experiences. In many cases, not all the expert’s experiences contribute towards effective diagnosis of a disease. Many alternative methods have been suggested for medical diagnosis in the healthcare domain. However, evaluating the functionality of coronary heart diseases diagnosis systems remains challenging. The purpose of this paper is to perform a study on literature related to fuzzy-based decision for diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Accordingly, the research gathered studies related to fuzzy-based decision for diagnosis of coronary heart disease between the periode 2016-2021.

Evaluation of Routine Coagulation Parameter in Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Attending Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Heart attack in medical terminology is generally called as Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). When blood flow is abruptly cut-off to the heart muscle, it damages the myocardial tissue. This could be the consequence of blocked coronary arteries. The plaque formed due to the deposition of cholesterol and other fatty material over a period of time is the leading cause of this blockage. Aim: To assess the level of Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) in cardiac and non-cardiac chest pain and their association to Body Mass Index (BMI). Materials and Methods: The present study was an observational case-control type of study which included 100 subjects of age group 30-65 years from March 2019 to April 2020. Out of them 50 were non-cardiac chest pain individuals which were control and 50 Cardiac chest pain arrived within 6-8 hours of chest pain who suspected to be Myocardial Infarction (MI) from Emergency Department, Dhiraj General Hospital, Gujarat, India. BMI was calculated by height and weight. PT and aPTT analysis was carried out using STAGO-S.A.S. coagulation analyser. Results: There were increased levels of PT and aPTT (statistically significant) in AMI cases compared to corresponding age and sex matched controls (p<0.0001). Pearson correlation analysis in AMI patients, a slightly positive correlation between BMI and aPTT was observed (r=0.19, p<0.001) and also between PT and aPTT (r=0.66, p<0.001). Conclusion: There was a slightly positive correlation found between BMI and aPTT which indicated that the weight and height of the patients do not affect the plasma PT and aPTT levels on anticoagulant therapy.

Splenic myelolipoma in a dog

ABSTRACT: Myelolipoma is a benign neoplasm composed of mature adipocytes and hematopoietic elements. This tumor is rare in dogs and cats and can develop in several organs and tissues. This report describes a case of splenic myelolipoma in a dog characterizing its clinical-pathological and ultrasonography aspects. A 9-year-old, female, mixed-breed, castrated dog was referred to the veterinary hospital with increased abdominal circumference. Ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly with masses of not measurable dimensions along the entire length of the parenchyma. The spleen was removed, and a fragment was sent for histopathological analysis. Macroscopically, the spleen was enlarged, with irregularly nodular growths that project above the surface of the organ. Nodules were red with small yellow areas. Microscopically, the spleen was effaced by a well-demarcated and not encapsulated mass composed of histologically well-differentiated neoplastic adipose tissue with islands and nests of varying proportions of hematopoietic elements. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of myelolipoma. Myelolipomas are observed on ultrasound images as hyperechoic masses or nodules with homogeneous echo texture. Here, ultrasound appearance involved mixed echogenicity and heterogeneous echotexture, due to the mixture of fat and non-fatty material components of the tumor.

High occurrence rate of xanthomatosis and nephrocalcinosis in aquarium-housed Atlantic wolffish Anarhichas lupus and spotted wolffish A. minor

The Atlantic wolffish (AW) and the spotted wolffish (SW) are long-lived fish found in the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans and are respectively classified as special concern and threatened species, mainly due to fisheries bycatch. To better understand health issues associated with the care of these species in public aquaria, reports from all necropsies performed in 2 zoological institutions between 2009 and 2019 were reviewed (31 AW and 8 SW). These wolffish were fed with a similar fish-based diet and kept in multi-species exhibits with comparable environmental parameters. The most frequent necropsy findings were the presence of xanthomas (AW: 41.9%; SW: 75.0%), nephrocalcinosis (AW: 42.9%; SW: 75.0%) and urocystoliths (AW: 6.5%; SW: 62.5%). Xanthomas were mostly located at the base of pectoral fins and were characterized by extensive granulomatous inflammation centered on accumulations of partly mineralized degenerate fatty material, mainly composed of cholesterol crystals. Nephrocalcinosis was characterized by the deposition of calcium salts within the renal tubules and was commonly associated with tubular necrosis. The aquarium-housed wolffish were fed a coldwater fish-based diet. However, the natural diet of wolffish is composed mostly of invertebrates such as urchins and crustaceans. Differences in nutrient composition between these diets, such as lipid and mineral content, may have contributed to the development of xanthomatosis, nephrocalcinosis and urocystolithiasis in wolffish housed in these institutions.

ENERGY ANALYSIS OF LIPID EXTRACTION OF Scenedesmus sp. PRODUCED IN PILOT SCALE

he production of biodiesel from lipids extracted from microalgae biomass is a promising approach to biofuels. However, this approach is still not commercialized because of the high costs of processes associated with, for example, time consumption and / or biomass drying with intense energy usage. However, it was not possible to show extraction methods among the lipids existing in the literature, which could be applied specifically to the extraction of lipids from the microalgae Scenedesmus sp. from the large-scale wet biomass, which is the current challenge faced by the Center for Research and Development of Sustainable Energy Auto (NPDEAS). Therefore, in this study, the possibility of avoiding the drying process, and extracting lipids directly from humid biomass, using the saponification method, was tested and compared with conventional Bligh and Dyer extraction (B & D). This study introduced the cultivation of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. compact tubular photobioreactors 12 m3 in area 10 m2 (8 x 5 x 2 m). The classical method of lipid extraction from microalgae - B & D - brings many pigments and polar lipids that exist in the biomass and the conversion rate was only 65-66%, whereas the recovery of fatty material in the wet biomass by the saponification method showed high conversion rate (90-95%). Therefore, the saponification process showed a high recovery of fatty acids that can be easily converted into biodiesel by esterification, and it was shown that the stage of drying the biomass can be removed without losing the fatty acids. In relation to the energy usage in the process, it was shown that drying the biomass for extraction of fatty acids uses more energy than that produced in the final product, biodiesel, showing that the removal of fatty acids of the wet biomass is of strategic importance to the viability of microalgae biodiesel.

Operation and recovery of a seasonally-loaded UK waste stabilisation pond system

An intermittent discharge waste stabilisation pond system was trialled for treatment of a seasonal wastewater load from a campsite. The system showed rapid acclimatisation to incoming load, with chlorophyll-a exceeding 700 mg l−1 within 2 weeks and filtered and unfiltered effluent biochemical oxygen demand below 20 and 30 mg l−1 respectively. Good performance continued for some weeks, after which photosynthetic oxygenation capacity in the first pond was seriously impaired by a shock loading believed to include fatty material. Inflow to the system was suspended and a surface film was broken up, after which the pond recovered within an 8-day period. Laboratory experiments indicated that interventions such as artificial aeration and dilution with effluent had no beneficial effect although mixing may have increased the rate of recovery.

The study of relationship between effect of some environmental condition in some physiological haematological in cross bread Holstein Friesian Dairy

The aim of this study was to conduct the effect of environmental conditions(temperature degree and relative humidity) for three seasons ( winter , springand summer) on some physiological, productive and functional parameters ofFriesain dairy cow and their relation with two different lactational stages (Second and third lactational stages). This study was carried out in Al-TathaminDairy plan, Al-Dijyla'a ( Iraqi – Jordan Company) at Waist province. Thirtydairy cows were selected and divided in two groups, each group contains fifteencows depended on lactation stage. Blood sample were collected at monthlyintervals for hematological examination viz; packed cell volume haemoglobin,milk yield and milk traits such as fat percentage, total solid material, and nonfattysolid material was measured. The period of study lasted from 1-January2006 up to 1-september 2006. The result revealed following:1. Significant decreased in the haemoglobin concentration and packed cellvolume were decreased in the two lactation stages (second and thirdlactation stage).2. Milk yield was non significant decreased during summer as a result inincreased environmental temperature about 14.1co to 36.1co and decreaserelative humidity about 62.2% to 20%.3. Milk percentage decrease and reach it's minimum level during summer forthe third lactation stage to reach 2.6%.4. Total solid and total solid non-fatty material of milk percentage increased forthe two lactation stages during spring to reach (12.59%, 9.3%) fore the thirdlactation stage and (12.22%, 9.6%) fore the second lactation stage.

The clinical significance of dyslipidaemias

Most people are aware that cholesterol in the blood can be 'high' or 'low'. Those who are better informed are aware that the serum cholesterol is contained in two fractions, one of which is damaging to health and another which is beneficial. Fewer realise that there are six types of cholesterol containing particles which promote the formation of atheroma, the hard muco-fatty material within the intima of the larger arteries, and only one which confers protection against this. These particles are complex structures containing cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipid and triglyceride. In this article, Dr Alan Taylor, Consultant in Chemical Pathology at Furness General Hospital and Honorary Lecturer in Biochemistry at Lancaster University, describes the work of the specialist Lipid Clinic and gives us an insight into the detailed and complex relationships between the lipid particles and disease, particularly coronary heart disease (CHO).

Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Six Sulfonamide Residues in Animal Tissues Using Postcolumn Derivatization

A sensitive and reproducible liquid chromatographic method is described for the simultaneous determination of sulfonamide residues in animal livers and kidneys. The selectivity of the method is enhanced significantly through the use of postcolumn reaction with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, followed by detection at 450 nm. Consequently, the cleanup is simplified; it consists of removal of fatty material by partitioning the sample extract into an acetonitrile-hexane system. The sulfonamides used for this study were sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, sulfadimidine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, and sulfaquinoxaline. At the level of 100 μg/kg, the recoveries ranged from 70 to 104% and were dependent on the nature of the matrix and the particular sulfonamide. The coefficients of variation are 2-10% at this level. The detection limit was 20 μg/dg.