scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Bird Assemblages of a Forest-Steppe Ecotone in North Patagonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor R. Cueto ◽  
Cristian A. Gorosito
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North Patagonia ◽  
Different Seasons

AbstractWe evaluate seasonal variations at the community level, analyzing changes in species richness, species composition and total abundance, and at the species level, evaluating differences in breeding and molting seasonality among bird species in a forest-steppe ecotone of north Patagonia. The bird assemblage showed a low seasonal variation in richness and total abundance, but a great change in species composition between spring-summer and fall-winter. The change in species composition promoted few seasonal variations in richness and total abundance, because they were compensated by the presence of abundant species that visit the area in different seasons. At the species level, resident birds and short distance migrants tended to begin breeding earlier than long distance migrants, and birds began to molt body and flight feathers after breeding. Therefore, we found a low overlap of these two demanding activities. Our results highlight the importance of bird movements in response to seasonal variations in the availability of resources, which promote migration or local displacements of birds.Resumen. Cambios estacionales en los ensambles de aves en un ecotono bosque-estepa del norte de PatagoniaEvaluamos las variaciones estacionales a nivel comunitario, analizando la riqueza de especies, la composición de especies y la abundancia total, y a nivel de las especies, evaluando las diferencias en la estacionalidad reproductiva y de muda entre las especies de aves en un ecotono bosque-estepa del norte de Patagonia. El ensamble de aves mostró pocas variaciones estacionales en la riqueza y abundancia total, pero un notable cambio en la composición de especies entre la primavera-verano y el otoño-invierno. El cambio en la composición de especies promovió pocas variaciones estaciones en la riqueza y la abundancia total, porque fueron compensadas por la abundancia de las especies que visitan el área en las diferentes estaciones. A nivel de las especies, las aves residentes y migrantes de corta distancia tendieron a comenzar la reproducción antes que las migrantes de larga distancia, y las aves comenzaron la muda de plumas del cuerpo y del ala al finalizar la reproducción. Por lo cual encontramos una baja superposición de estas dos demandantes actividades. Nuestros resultados remarcan la importancia del movimiento de las aves en respuesta a las variaciones en la disponibilidad de recursos, que promueven la migración o el desplazamiento local de las aves.

Seasonal Variations of Avifauna of Shallabug Wetland, Kashmir

1970 ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran A Dar ◽  
Mithas A Dar
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Current Status ◽  
High Power Field ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Vantage Points

The main thrust in this research work has been given on the evaluation of current status of Avifauna associated with Shallabug wetland. The main objectives were to evaluate the bird population fluctuation, to determine various threats to waterbirds and their habitats, and to present the remedial measures based on the key issues identified. For the purpose of present investigation, the study area was divided systematically into three study units of 700 m² each. Visual census method was used for the estimation of bird population. Visual counting was made with the help of high power field binocular (SG- 9.2) from respective vantage points. The birds were observed on the monthly basis in 2008 and the fluctuation in bird population was determined in different seasons: summer, autumn and winter.  The observations were made from 5:00 am to 7:00 am (when they come out from their resting place) and 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm (when they approach towards their resting place). The analysis of the results showed that the Shallabug Wetland is particularly important for migratory bird species and marsh land breeding species. The wetland was also found important for long distance migrants as a stopper site for feeding and resting. The bird population showed fluctuation with site differences as well as with changing seasons. Key words: Wetland, Shallabug, Avifauna, Fluctuation, Wetland managementDOI: 10.3126/jowe.v2i1.1853 Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2009) vol. 2, pp 20-34

Mesostigmatic mites (Acari: Mesostigmata) in nests of the Eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus) in Croatia

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Błoszyk ◽  
Tvrtko Dražina ◽  
Dariusz Gwiazdowicz ◽  
Bruce Halliday ◽  
Bartłomiej Gołdyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Birds Of Prey ◽  
Griffon Vulture ◽  
Gyps Fulvus

AbstractWe examined the species composition and community structure of mites of the order Mesostigmata (Acari) in nests of the Eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus Hablizl, 1783) in Croatia. Material collected from 18 nests included 565 mites belonging to seven species. The most abundant species were Leiodinychus orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1839) (Trematuridae) and Androlaelaps casalis (Berlese, 1887) (Laelapidae). The results were compared with the community structure and frequency of dominant species of Mesostigmata in nests of 32 other bird species. Leiodinychus orbicularis occurred in the nests of 13 species of birds. It is a typical nidicolous species which occurs most frequently in the perennial nests of birds of prey. In contrast, A. casalis rarely occurs in the nests of birds of prey.

scholarly journals Migratory Birds as Disseminators of Ticks and the Tick-Borne Pathogens Borrelia Bacteria and Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Virus – A Seasonal Study at Ottenby Bird Observatory in South-Eastern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wilhelmsson ◽  
Thomas G. T. Jaenson ◽  
Björn Olsen ◽  
Jonas Waldenström ◽  
Per-Eric Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Anthus Trivialis

Abstract Introduction Birds can act as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens and can also disperse pathogen-containing ticks to both nearby and remote localities. The aims of this study were to estimate tick infestation patterns on migratory birds and the prevalence of different Borrelia species and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks removed from birds in south-eastern Sweden.Materials and Methods Ticks were collected from resident and migratory birds captured at the Ottenby Bird Observatory, Öland, Sweden, from March to November 2009. Ticks were molecularly identified to species, and morphologically to developmental stage, and the presence of Borrelia bacteria and TBEV was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.Results A total of 1,339 ticks in the genera Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Ixodes was recorded of which I. ricinus was the most abundant species. Important tick hosts were the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), Blackbird (Turdus merula), Tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), Willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Common whitethroat (Sylvia communis). Borrelia bacteria were detected in 25 % (285/1,124) of the detached ticks available for analysis. Seven Borrelia species (B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. lusitaniae, B. turdi, B. valaisiana and B. miyamotoi) were identified. B. turdi was recorded for the first time in ticks in Sweden. The number of Borrelia cells per tick ranged from 2.0 × 100 to 7.0 × 105. B. miyamotoi-containing ticks contained a significantly higher median number of Borrelia cells than B. burgdorferi sensu lato-containing ticks. B. garinii and B. miyamotoi were the most prevalent Borrelia species in tick larvae. Larvae of I. ricinus with B. garinii were removed from seven bird species, particularly S. communis and A. trivialis, which may suggest that the larvae had contracted the Borrelia bacteria from or via these birds. Also, a high percentage of tick larvae containing B. miyamotoi was removed from E. rubecula. Of the 1,124 ticks analysed, all were negative for TBEV.Conclusions The results corroborate the view that the contributions of birds to human disease are substantial, particularly as blood hosts for ticks and for their short-, medium- and long-distance dispersal. Moreover, several ground-foraging bird species appear to be important for the maintenance and dispersal of Borrelia species. The absence of TBEV in all bird-derived ticks investigated conforms to other similar studies.

scholarly journals Transformation of the community of nesting birds in the process of reorganization of the forest ecosystem into a park

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Gaychenko ◽  
T. V. Shupova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes

Changes in nesting conditions cause a change in the number of individual species, ecological groups, and, consequently, the structure of the bird community. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibilities and directions – the transformations of the communitys of nesting birds in the process of reorganization of the forest ecosystem into a park. The material was collected in the territory of one of the forest parks in the Kiev city. Forest is an mixed based on Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata L., Fraxinus excelsior L. There are individual trees Pinus Syvestris L. The territory of the forest park have different degrees transformed, and includes anthropogenic landscapes and forests plots that have been preserved almost in their natural state. Studies were conducted in the nesting period (April-June) 2012–2017. For analysis average data were used. The number and distribution of the birds were determined by the method of counting on the transects, in the 3 model plots. There are 71 species of birds of 11 orders. Of these, 63 species are nesting. The number of nested species of communities in model plots does not depend on the gradient of anthropogenic transformation, but a average density of nesting birds decrease: 2.91±0.66→2.54±0.67→2.10±0.48 pairs / km of the transect. Nesting birds are distributed between 9 faunogenetic complexes. Of these, in each model plot is represented by 8. Dominated by birds of the European nemoral complex. On the gradient of habitat transformation, a change in the fauna-genetic structure of bird communities in the direction of increasing the proportion of birds of the European nemoral and European forest-steppe complexes, birds of desert-mountain and tropical groups. Boreal and ancient species are superseded. Strengthening the transformation in forest plots, the distribution of birds in community on the ecological groups does change not much. But when the forest ecosystem is replaced by a park ecosystem, the proportion of sclerophiles increases 3–4 times. In all communities is dominated by woody nesters bird. On the gradient of transformation, the number of species of the tree canopies nesters birds (from 21 to 18), ground nesters birds (from 6 to 0), species that use many types of nesting stations (from 4 to 1) are decreases; the number of bird species that nesting in the buildings increases from 0 to 6, and the number of alien species from 0 to 4 (Streptopelia decaocto, Dendrocopos syriacus, Phoenicurus ochruros, Serinus serinus). In the park ecosystems, a decrease in the species composition of woodpeckers, does not entail a significant decrease in the species composition and abundance of secondary hollows nesters birds. Birds of the synanthropic subpopulations are nesting in cavities in park buildings. Most of the indices show an equivalent ά-diversity of all bird communities. The β-diversity of breeding birds during the transformation of the forest ecosystem into a park is reduced by half. Ranked distribution curves of the abundance of species are indicate abrupt changes in the balance of dominance-diversity in communities when a transformation are in the forest ecosystem. The dominant species pressure high are give in community, its abundance is 2.2–2.7 times higher than the abundance of the second species by the abundance. In a slightly transformed forest, this indicator is 1.1 times. Ranked curves of relative abundance of species are a more sensitive index of community transformation than data of indices by the dominance and of species distribution. The introduction into the forest ecosystem of even a small number of anthropogenic structures leads to a significant increase in the relative abundance of synanthropic birds. In our study, in to 2 times. On the gradient of the transformation the absolute number of nesting species of the synanthropic birds increases gradually: 30–33–36; the obligate synanthropic species more stronger: 0–2–7; the index of community synanthropization increases 1.5 times: 0.63–0.72–0.92.

scholarly journals Migratory birds as disseminators of ticks and the tick-borne pathogens Borrelia bacteria and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus – a seasonal study at Ottenby Bird Observatory in South-eastern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wilhelmsson ◽  
Thomas G. T. Jaenson ◽  
Björn Olsen ◽  
Jonas Waldenström ◽  
Per-Eric Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Anthus Trivialis

Abstract Background:Birds can act as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens and can also disperse pathogen-containing ticks to both nearby and remote localities. The aims of this study were to estimate tick infestation patterns on migratory birds and the prevalence of different Borrelia species and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks removed from birds in south-eastern Sweden.Methods:Ticks were collected from resident and migratory birds captured at the Ottenby Bird Observatory, Öland, Sweden, from March to November 2009. Ticks were molecularly identified to species, and morphologically to developmental stage, and the presence of Borrelia bacteria and TBEV was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:A total of 1,339 ticks in the genera Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma and Ixodes was recorded of which I. ricinus was the most abundant species. Important tick hosts were the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), Blackbird (Turdus merula), Tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), Willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Common whitethroat (Sylvia communis). Borrelia bacteria were detected in 25 % (285/1,124) of the detached ticks available for analysis. Seven Borrelia species (B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, B. lusitaniae, B. turdi, B. valaisiana and B. miyamotoi) were identified. B. turdi was recorded for the first time in ticks in Sweden. The number of Borrelia cells per tick ranged from 2.0 × 100 to 7.0 × 105. B. miyamotoi-containing ticks contained a significantly higher median number of Borrelia cells than B. burgdorferi sensu lato-containing ticks. B. garinii and B. miyamotoi were the most prevalent Borrelia species in tick larvae. Larvae of I. ricinus with B. garinii were removed from seven bird species, particularly S. communis and A. trivialis, which may suggest that the larvae had contracted the Borrelia bacteria from or via these birds. Also, a high percentage of tick larvae containing B. miyamotoi was removed from E. rubecula. All ticks were negative for TBEV.Conclusions:The results corroborate the view that the contributions of birds to human disease are substantial, particularly as blood hosts for ticks and for their short-, medium- and long-distance dispersal. Moreover, several ground-foraging bird species appear to be important for the maintenance and dispersal of Borrelia species. The absence of TBEV in the ticks conforms to other similar studies.

scholarly journals Migratory birds as disseminators of ticks and the tick-borne pathogens Borrelia bacteria and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus: a seasonal study at Ottenby Bird Observatory in South-eastern Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wilhelmsson ◽  
Thomas G. T. Jaenson ◽  
Björn Olsen ◽  
Jonas Waldenström ◽  
Per-Eric Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Tbe Virus ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Anthus Trivialis

Abstract Background Birds can act as reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens and can also disperse pathogen-containing ticks to both nearby and remote localities. The aims of this study were to estimate tick infestation patterns on migratory birds and the prevalence of different Borrelia species and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks removed from birds in south-eastern Sweden. Methods Ticks were collected from resident and migratory birds captured at the Ottenby Bird Observatory, Öland, Sweden, from March to November 2009. Ticks were molecularly identified to species, and morphologically to developmental stage, and the presence of Borrelia bacteria and TBEV was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results A total of 1339 ticks in the genera Haemaphysalis, Hyalomma, and Ixodes was recorded of which I. ricinus was the most abundant species. Important tick hosts were the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), Blackbird (Turdus merula), Tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), Eurasian wren (Troglodytes troglodytes), Common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), Willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), and Common whitethroat (Sylvia communis). Borrelia bacteria were detected in 25% (285/1,124) of the detached ticks available for analysis. Seven Borrelia species (B. afzelii, B. burgdorferi (s.s.), B. garinii, B. lusitaniae, B. turdi, B. valaisiana, and B. miyamotoi) were identified. B. turdi was recorded for the first time in ticks in Sweden. The number of Borrelia cells per tick ranged from 2.0 × 100 to 7.0 × 105. B. miyamotoi-containing ticks contained a significantly higher median number of Borrelia cells than B. burgdorferi (s.l.)-containing ticks. B. garinii and B. miyamotoi were the most prevalent Borrelia species in tick larvae. Larvae of I. ricinus with B. garinii were removed from seven bird species, particularly S. communis and A. trivialis, which may suggest that the larvae had contracted the Borrelia bacteria from or via these birds. Also, a high percentage of tick larvae containing B. miyamotoi was removed from E. rubecula. All ticks were negative for TBEV. Conclusions The results corroborate the view that the contributions of birds to human disease are substantial, particularly as blood hosts for ticks and for their short-, medium-, and long-distance dispersal. Moreover, several ground-foraging bird species appear to be important for the maintenance and dispersal of Borrelia species. The absence of TBEV in the ticks conforms to other similar studies.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes of Fish Assemblages in a Subtropical Lagoon in the SE Gulf of California

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Amezcua ◽  
F. Amezcua-Linares
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Almost All

The composition and seasonal changes of the fish assemblage in a coastal lagoon system in southeastern Gulf of California were assessed from December 2001 to July 2005. A total of 20,877 organisms belonging to 191 species and 47 families were analyzed. We determined that almost all the species inhabiting the system were found; however some rare species were not captured in our study. The majority of the species found were demersal but in every season at least one pelagic or benthopelagic species showed high abundances. The moonfish,Selene peruviana, was the most abundant species, whilst the puffer,Sphoeroides annulatus, was the main species in terms of biomass. The species composition changed seasonally; results from the Simpson diversity index and the cumulative species curve show that seasonally almost all the species in the system for a given season were found. These changes were also reflected in the multivariate results. The seasonal variations could be attributed to the migration of species out of the system as they grow and the arrival of new ones, which could also be related to temperature patterns since this environmental factor changes considerably through the year.

scholarly journals Mice of the genus Sylvaemus (Rodentia, Muridae) in Mykolaiv Oblast (Ukraine)

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Vadim Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Morphometric Features

A revision of species composition of the genus Sylvaemus in the territory of Mykolaiv Oblast (Ukraine) was carried out. The occurrence of three species was conformed: S. sylvaticus, S. tauricus, and S. uralensis. The species S. arianus was not found in the Kinburn Peninsula. Morphological features, aspects of ecology and biology of the species are given. Sylvaemus sylvaticus dominates in woods and shrubs, S. uralensis prevails in open habitats, and S. tauricus is a non-abundant species occurring only in the forest-steppe zone. The breeding season has only one peak in July. The dependence of the main morphometric features from the age was examined. The most important features revealed are the length of foot (Pl) and ear (Au). Tail length (Ca) has the lowest diagnostic value.

scholarly journals ZOOPLANCTON (CLADOCERA Y COPEPODA) DE LA LAGUNA DE CAJITITLÁN

e-CUCBA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Karl Edward Velázquez-Ornelas ◽  
◽  
Eduardo Juárez Carrillo ◽  
Manuel Ayón-Parente
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Neoergasilus Japonicus ◽  
Mesocyclops Edax

Cladocerans and copepods are the main zooplankton formers in freshwaters. The actual state of pollution faced by the lagoon of Cajititlán restricts the amount of species able to habit this water body, and with it, the functionality of the ecosystem due to their role as phytoplankton consumers and as the principal food source for fishes and other organisms. Until now, there was very little knowledge about these groups in the lagoon, which is because of the lack of specialists in the occidental region of Mexico and the inherent difficulties with respect to the manipulation of these organisms (their size round between 0.2 to 4 mm, besides, manual dissections must be done in order to observe taxonomic characters). In this study, we analyze the composition and abundance of the zooplankton in Cajititlán Lagoon focused in both groups (Cladocera and Copepoda). To achieve this objective, five sites within the lagoon were chosen based on their position with respect to the principal human populations. Samples were collected using a plankton net of 63 μm mesh light with one horizontal tow-in each site monthly. The analyzed period comprehends from May 2015 to April 2016, completing an annual cycle. Each sample was fixed using 4 % formaldehyde. Organisms were first identified the species level and their abundance was calculated with manual counts using a Bogorov chamber. Six species were recorded: Daphnia ambigua and Diaphanosoma birgei (Cladocera) and Arctodiaptomus dorsalis, Leptodiaptomus siciloides, Mesocyclops edax and Neoergasilus japonicus (Copepoda). The most abundant and frequent species was A. dorsalis, followed by M. edax and D. ambigua. Leptodiaptomus siciloides and N. japonicus appeared to be rare species, but L. siciloides was very abundant in March and April. The most abundant species was A. dorsalis, occurring nearly in 77 % of the samples and an average of 5 organisms per liter (up to 60 org/l), while the most frequent was M. edax, with up to 87 % of occurrences and an average of 3 org/l (up to 80 org/l). The general abundance of both groups in this water body was below and the species composition corresponds to the expected in an eutrophicated waterbody.

Effects of mechanical strip thinning of aspen on small mammals and breeding birds in northern Minnesota, U.S.A.

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Christian ◽  
Marlys Reuvers-House ◽  
Joann M. Hanowski ◽  
Gerald J. Niemi ◽  
John G. Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Forest Songbirds

Abundance and species composition of small mammals and breeding birds were studied on mechanically strip-thinned aspen stands and comparable reference stands in northern Minnesota. Strip-thinned stands included sapling-sized stands thinned 1 or 2 years before the study and pole-sized stands thinned 7–11 years previously. Fewer individual birds were observed on sapling-sized thinned than reference stands, reflecting primarily decreases in abundances of bird species that select midsuccessional deciduous forests; several of these species are long-distance migrants. Bird abundance and community composition on thinned and reference pole-sized stands were similar, differing most notably in the presence of Canada Warbler (Wilsoniacanadensis (L.)) and Downy Woodpecker (Picoidespubescens (L.)) in thinned but not reference stands. Significantly more individual small mammals were captured on thinned than reference stands, and most other measures of abundance indicated positive numerical responses of small mammals to strip thinning. Mechanical strip thinning of aspen shows promise for enhancing aspen supply by allowing trees to grow more rapidly to harvestable size. Our results suggest that use of this practice has no negative effects on small mammals and relatively short-lived negative effects on forest songbirds at the stand level.

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