scholarly journals Transformation of the community of nesting birds in the process of reorganization of the forest ecosystem into a park

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Gaychenko ◽  
T. V. Shupova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes

Changes in nesting conditions cause a change in the number of individual species, ecological groups, and, consequently, the structure of the bird community. The purpose of the study is to analyze the possibilities and directions – the transformations of the communitys of nesting birds in the process of reorganization of the forest ecosystem into a park. The material was collected in the territory of one of the forest parks in the Kiev city. Forest is an mixed based on Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata L., Fraxinus excelsior L. There are individual trees Pinus Syvestris L. The territory of the forest park have different degrees transformed, and includes anthropogenic landscapes and forests plots that have been preserved almost in their natural state. Studies were conducted in the nesting period (April-June) 2012–2017. For analysis average data were used. The number and distribution of the birds were determined by the method of counting on the transects, in the 3 model plots. There are 71 species of birds of 11 orders. Of these, 63 species are nesting. The number of nested species of communities in model plots does not depend on the gradient of anthropogenic transformation, but a average density of nesting birds decrease: 2.91±0.66→2.54±0.67→2.10±0.48 pairs / km of the transect. Nesting birds are distributed between 9 faunogenetic complexes. Of these, in each model plot is represented by 8. Dominated by birds of the European nemoral complex. On the gradient of habitat transformation, a change in the fauna-genetic structure of bird communities in the direction of increasing the proportion of birds of the European nemoral and European forest-steppe complexes, birds of desert-mountain and tropical groups. Boreal and ancient species are superseded. Strengthening the transformation in forest plots, the distribution of birds in community on the ecological groups does change not much. But when the forest ecosystem is replaced by a park ecosystem, the proportion of sclerophiles increases 3–4 times. In all communities is dominated by woody nesters bird. On the gradient of transformation, the number of species of the tree canopies nesters birds (from 21 to 18), ground nesters birds (from 6 to 0), species that use many types of nesting stations (from 4 to 1) are decreases; the number of bird species that nesting in the buildings increases from 0 to 6, and the number of alien species from 0 to 4 (Streptopelia decaocto, Dendrocopos syriacus, Phoenicurus ochruros, Serinus serinus). In the park ecosystems, a decrease in the species composition of woodpeckers, does not entail a significant decrease in the species composition and abundance of secondary hollows nesters birds. Birds of the synanthropic subpopulations are nesting in cavities in park buildings. Most of the indices show an equivalent ά-diversity of all bird communities. The β-diversity of breeding birds during the transformation of the forest ecosystem into a park is reduced by half. Ranked distribution curves of the abundance of species are indicate abrupt changes in the balance of dominance-diversity in communities when a transformation are in the forest ecosystem. The dominant species pressure high are give in community, its abundance is 2.2–2.7 times higher than the abundance of the second species by the abundance. In a slightly transformed forest, this indicator is 1.1 times. Ranked curves of relative abundance of species are a more sensitive index of community transformation than data of indices by the dominance and of species distribution. The introduction into the forest ecosystem of even a small number of anthropogenic structures leads to a significant increase in the relative abundance of synanthropic birds. In our study, in to 2 times. On the gradient of the transformation the absolute number of nesting species of the synanthropic birds increases gradually: 30–33–36; the obligate synanthropic species more stronger: 0–2–7; the index of community synanthropization increases 1.5 times: 0.63–0.72–0.92.

scholarly journals Diversity of bird communities of the forest in the Boyarska experimental station at the gradient of anthropic load

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Gaychenko ◽  
◽  
T.V. Shupova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Synanthropization Index

Bird communities was researched according to the transect method in the nesting period of 2013 and 2015. 4 model forest plots in the Boyarskaya Experimental Station were selected. All of them are culturelphytocenoses based onPinus sylvestris L., Quercus robur L., Q. rubra L. The species composition of birds, their abundance, α-diversity indices, synanthropization index of bird communities (to Jedryctkowski) were analyzed. The similarity of bird communities was determined using cluster analysis in "Origin Pro 9.0". 65 bird species of 11 orders were recorded. 35 species of them live in the species reserve. On model plots that not have conservation status, the number of species in bird communities is 20–27. In plots with a dominance of Q. robur, 42 species were recorded, with a dominance of P. sylvestris - 35 species of the birds. Dominants in bird communities Parus major L. and Fringilla coelebs L. The presence in the list of subdominants Anthus trivialis L. and Phylloscopus sibilatrix Bechstein is a positive characteristic of the forest. The synanthropic of bird communities increases according to the increase in anthropic load: the synanthropization index from 0.4 to 0.65, the relative abundance of synanthropic birds in communities from 0.66 to 0.81. There are no alien birds. The species diversity and the number of bird species in the communities decreases along the gradient of increasing anthropic load. The similarity of bird communities and their α-diversity depends by the anthropic load, and not by the ratio of the species composition of the forest trees. The distribution of relative abundance of species in bird communities, on the contrary, is associated with the ratio of the species composition of trees. In forest plots dominated by P. sylvestris, bird communities are balanced, in plots with a predominance of Q. robur, disturbances in the development of bird communities are noticeable.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

Environmental groups of burrowing animals of Central forest steppe and their response to the economic development of the landscape

10.12737/4511 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Харченко ◽  
Nikolay Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Development Levels ◽  
Environmental Functions

Comprehensive activity (in %) to absorb anthropogenic landscapes by burrowing animals from different ecological groups is established. It is concluded that the biocenosis and environmental functions of burrowing animals are becoming more relevant to conditions of modern forest-field and development levels of industrial production, transport networks and other structures in the region.

Bird communities and vegetation associations across a treeline ecotone in the Mealy Mountains, Labrador, which is an understudied part of the boreal forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. Lewis ◽  
Brian M. Starzomski
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Deciduous Shrub

We examined the factors structuring bird communities across a complex subarctic treeline in the Mealy Mountains, Labrador, Canada. Using point counts of bird abundance in 2007 and 2008, we show that changes in vegetation driven by elevation are strongly correlated with avian community structure in this treeline ecotone system. Overall, avian diversity was higher in the forest compared with other habitat classes (krummholz, deciduous shrub, and alpine). There were strong correlations between avian diversity and vegetation richness, as well as structure, among and within habitat class in 2008. Numerous habitat types (subset of habitat class) were correlated with avian composition, although some species were clearly habitat generalists. Contrary to expectation, avian species composition was associated with physiognomy (vegetation structure) in alpine and deciduous shrub, and with either physiognomy or floristics (vegetation species composition) in krummholz and forest. Given the strong impact of elevation on vegetation and the demonstrated influence on bird communities, we note that for bird species whose near-southernmost populations are found in the Mealy Mountains, climate change is likely to have a strong negative effect if alpine tundra habitat is lost. Furthermore, forest bird species are likely to benefit from the increased tree cover as treeline moves poleward and upward.

scholarly journals Current condition of the ornithofauna of the Alexandria Dendrological Park

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Bird Population ◽  
Milvus Migrans ◽  
Black Kite ◽  
Night Heron ◽  
Ciconia Nigra ◽  
Data Book

The species composition of birds of the Alexandria Dendrological Park has been analyzed. The studies were conducted in 2008–2018. In total 148 bird species were registered (35% of the ornithofauna of Ukraine). Birds were analyzed by biotopic groups, nature of stay and type of nesting. It was found that in the conditions of the Alexandria Dendrological Park, the dominant ecological groups were dendrophiles (80 species). According to the nature of their stay, nesting birds accounted for 90 species, migratory – 48 species, wintering – 31 species. Depending on the type of nesting, canopy-nesting and hole-nesting birds prevailed – 27.8 and 24.4% respectively. Representatives of Piciformes and Passeriformes make up a significant part of the nesting species, which is 10 and 57.8% respectively. Falconiformes are represented by 4 species, which is 4.4% of the total number of nesting species. The value of the park also consists in the presence of favorable wetlands for wintering and forage migration of a number of taxon birds in its territory. As a result, the bird population is growing. The emergence of new bird species in recent years can provide a unique indication of the importance of ornithocenosis in these areas. This concerns in particular Green Woodpecker, Black kite, Honey Buzzard, Night Heron, Stock Dove, Spotted Crake. It has been established that new species appear in the park, settling from nearby or remote areas. During the years of observation, 9 species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine (Ciconia nigra, Netta rufina, Haliaeetus albicilla, Milvus migrans, Buteo rufinus, Pandion haliaetus, Bucephala clangula, Picus viridis, Columba oenas) have been recorded. The factors influencing the species composition of birds have been analyzed. They include felling of trees, thinning of shrubs, uncontrolled recreation and direct predation from dogs. One of the main problems limiting the number of birds in the park is trespassing of logging processes, in particular during the nesting period. In the future, more comprehensive studies are planned on the quantitative composition of birds, as well as features of the topical distribution according to the biocenosis.

scholarly journals Birds diversity and faunogenetic structure of avifauna in forests parks of two megalopolises (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
T. Shupova ◽  
◽  
A. Chaplygina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
European Forest ◽  
Forest Parks

Background. In the 21st century, landscape transformation processes are underway in large cities, which affects the stability of wildlife habitats. Habitat transformations often reduce species richness due to a decrease in the population sizes of some species, and therefore, small in number and rare species are eliminated from bird communities. Rare species can have unique consortive relationships, which makes them particularly important for the long-term ecosystem functioning. A study of the avifauna of forest parks makes it possible to develop an algorithm for the coexistence of human and birds. Methods. The number and distribution of birds were determined by route counting. The total length of the fixed route was 5.7 km in Kyiv and 3.5 km in Kharkiv. On each route, observations were carried out annually with three repetitions during the nesting period when the birds are most attached to their habitats (end of April–May–June). The average data for the total study period (2013–2017) were calculated for each city. For the average number, the standard deviation was calculated. An analysis of the faunogenetic structure of avifauna was carried out according to the method developed by V.P. Belik. A faunogenetic complex is a group of animal species associated by a common origin with ecosystems of a certain landscape-geographical zone. We also classified bird species into ecological groups according to the patterns of microhabitat choice. To compare the α-diversity of bird in the forest-park zones of cities, a number of commonly accepted indices that express the correlation between the number and density of species were calculated: 1) Berger–Parker dominance index: DBP = Nimax / N; 2) Shannon diversity index: H´ = -∑(Pi × LnPi); 3) Pielou evenness index: E = H´ / LnS; where: Nі– the number of each species; Nimax – the maximum value of Nі; N = ∑Ni – the total number of all species (pairs/km); Pi = Ni / N – the ratio of each species; S – total number of the species. Results. The study presents a comparative analysis of diversity and faunogenetic structure of avifauna in the forest park zones of Kyiv and Kharkiv, inhabited by 71 breeding species of birds that belong to 10 orders. In the eastern region, the proportion of birds of the boreal and the European forest-steppe complex decreases, but the share of the desert-mountain complex increases. The fauna of the European nemoral complex dominates (32.8 % in Kyiv and 40.4 % in Kharkiv). The basis of the communities are dendrophils: 83.6 % (n = 67) in Kyiv and 82.7 % (n = 52) in Kharkiv. The dominant species in all forest parks are the great tit (Parus major) and chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). Conclusions. The differences in the faunogenetic structure of bird communities are due to the proximity of model forest parks on the territory of Kyiv to the forest natural geographical zone, and on the territory of Kharkiv to the steppe, which leads in the eastern region to a decrease in the proportion of birds of the boreal and the European forest-steppe complex while the proportion of desert-mountain complex increases. Dendrophils predominate significantly, and the share of sclerophils and limnophils in total is less than 20 % of the bird community in the forest parks of each city. As a consequence of the fragmentation of the Kiev forest park zone, the diversity of nesting birds communities in the forest-park zone of Kyiv is slightly lower than of Kharkiv, and the pressure of the dominant species is more significant.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Bird Assemblages of a Forest-Steppe Ecotone in North Patagonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor R. Cueto ◽  
Cristian A. Gorosito
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
North Patagonia ◽  
Different Seasons

AbstractWe evaluate seasonal variations at the community level, analyzing changes in species richness, species composition and total abundance, and at the species level, evaluating differences in breeding and molting seasonality among bird species in a forest-steppe ecotone of north Patagonia. The bird assemblage showed a low seasonal variation in richness and total abundance, but a great change in species composition between spring-summer and fall-winter. The change in species composition promoted few seasonal variations in richness and total abundance, because they were compensated by the presence of abundant species that visit the area in different seasons. At the species level, resident birds and short distance migrants tended to begin breeding earlier than long distance migrants, and birds began to molt body and flight feathers after breeding. Therefore, we found a low overlap of these two demanding activities. Our results highlight the importance of bird movements in response to seasonal variations in the availability of resources, which promote migration or local displacements of birds.Resumen. Cambios estacionales en los ensambles de aves en un ecotono bosque-estepa del norte de PatagoniaEvaluamos las variaciones estacionales a nivel comunitario, analizando la riqueza de especies, la composición de especies y la abundancia total, y a nivel de las especies, evaluando las diferencias en la estacionalidad reproductiva y de muda entre las especies de aves en un ecotono bosque-estepa del norte de Patagonia. El ensamble de aves mostró pocas variaciones estacionales en la riqueza y abundancia total, pero un notable cambio en la composición de especies entre la primavera-verano y el otoño-invierno. El cambio en la composición de especies promovió pocas variaciones estaciones en la riqueza y la abundancia total, porque fueron compensadas por la abundancia de las especies que visitan el área en las diferentes estaciones. A nivel de las especies, las aves residentes y migrantes de corta distancia tendieron a comenzar la reproducción antes que las migrantes de larga distancia, y las aves comenzaron la muda de plumas del cuerpo y del ala al finalizar la reproducción. Por lo cual encontramos una baja superposición de estas dos demandantes actividades. Nuestros resultados remarcan la importancia del movimiento de las aves en respuesta a las variaciones en la disponibilidad de recursos, que promueven la migración o el desplazamiento local de las aves.

scholarly journals Dominance and Diversity of Bird Community in Floodplain Forest Ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
Karel Poprach ◽  
Jana Vrbková
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Floodplain Forest ◽  
Community Interest

The paper is aimed to assessment of diversity and structure of bird community in floodplain forest ecosystem. Authors present results of analyses data on bird communities obtained at two transects in the Litovelské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic) in the period 1998–2012. Research of bird communities was carried out using the point-count method. The article deals with qualitative and quantitative representation of breeding bird species, including their relation to habitat type (closed floodplain forest, ecotone). Altogether 63 breeding species were recorded at the Vrapač transect and 67 at the Litovelské luhy transect, respectively. To be able to detect all recorded species, 11 out of 14 years of monitoring were needed at the Vrapač transect and all 8 years of monitoring at the Litovelské luhy transect, respectively. Authors show that the values in dominant bird species change significantly among the particular census dates within one season, mainly with respect to their activity and detectability. Results are discussed in the frame of sustainable forest management in floodplain forest ecosystems. The presented article can promote to discussion aimed to management strategy for floodplain forest ecosystems, which ranks among natural habitat types of Community interest protected under the Natura 2000 European network.

Decapod Crustaceans of the Kara Sea: species composition and peculiarities of distribution

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
O.L. Zimina
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Snow Crab ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Wide Range

This paper presents data on species composition and peculiarities of distribution of Decapoda in the southern part of Kara Sea obtained during trawl surveys in 2012 and 2016. In total, 11 species of decapod crustaceans were collected. In the last decade the fauna has been enriched by the invasion of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio. Brief information on the environmental conditions of occurrence and maps of distribution in the studied area are presented for each species. The highest values of species richness (up to 6 species per catch), biomass and abundance of decapods were detected on the western slope of Priyamal shallow at 50–150 m depth range. According to the patterns of distribution and environmental conditions, three groups of species were distinguished: associated with cold and salty waters of Novaya Zemlya Trough; inhabiting lower salinity waters with a wide temperature range of the Priyamal and Ob-Yenisei shallows; and a group that is widespread within the area in wide range of conditions. In comparison with the neighboring Barents Sea, the decapod fauna of the Kara Sea is qualitatively and quantitatively depleted. The obtained data on the distribution of individual species and ecological groups can be used for the background assessment of the state of the decapod fauna, including the period of population formation of the alien species.

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