scholarly journals Learning 2-in-1: Towards Integrated EEG-fMRI-Neurofeedback

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Perronnet ◽  
Anatole Lécuyer ◽  
Marsel Mano ◽  
Mathis Fleury ◽  
Giulia Lioi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Imagery Task ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Feedback Strategies ◽  
Activity Measures ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTNeurofeedback (NF) allows to exert self-regulation over specific aspects of one’s own brain activity by returning information extracted in real-time from brain activity measures. These measures are usually acquired from a single modality, most commonly electroencephalography (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback (EEG-fMRI-NF) is a new approach that consists in providing a NF based simultaneously on EEG and fMRI signals. By exploiting the complementarity of these two modalities, EEG-fMRI-NF opens a new spectrum of possibilities for defining bimodal NF targets that could be more robust, flexible and effective than unimodal ones. Since EEG-fMRI-NF allows for a richer amount of information to be fed back, the question arises of how to represent the EEG and fMRI features simultaneously in order to allow the subject to achieve better self-regulation. In this work, we propose to represent EEG and fMRI features in a single bimodal feedback (integrated feedback). We introduce two integrated feedback strategies for EEG-fMRI-NF and compare their early effects on a motor imagery task with a between-group design. The BiDim group (n=10) was shown a two-dimensional (2D) feedback in which each dimension depicted the information from one modality. The UniDim group (n=10) was shown a one-dimensional (1D) feedback that integrated both types of information even further by merging them into one. Online fMRI activations were significantly higher in the UniDim group than in the BiDim group, which suggests that the 1D feedback is easier to control than the 2D feedback. However subjects from the BiDim group produced more specific BOLD activations with a notably stronger activation in the right superior parietal lobe (BiDim > UniDim, p < 0.001, uncorrected). These results suggest that the 2D feedback encourages subjects to explore their strategies to recruit more specific brain patterns. To summarize, our study shows that 1D and 2D integrated feedbacks are effective but also appear to be complementary and could therefore be used in a bimodal NF training program. Altogether, our study paves the way to novel integrated feedback strategies for the development of flexible and effective bimodal NF paradigms that fully exploits bimodal information and are adapted to clinical applications.

scholarly journals Decreases in Frontal and Parietal Lobe Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Related to Habituation

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Warach ◽  
Ruben C. Gur ◽  
Raquel E. Gur ◽  
Brett E. Skolnick ◽  
Walter D. Obrist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inhalation Technique ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
The Right

We previously reported decreased mean CBF between consecutive resting conditions, ascribed to habituation. Here we address the regional specificity of habituation over three consecutive flow studies. Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured in 55 adults (12 right-handed men, 12 right-handed women, 14 left-handed men, 17 left-handed women), with the 133Xe inhalation technique, during three conditions: Resting, verbal tasks (analogies), and spatial tasks (line orientation). Changes in rCBF attributable to the cognitive tasks were eliminated by correcting these values to a resting equivalent. There was a progressive decrease in mean rCBF over time, reflecting habituation. This effect differed by region, with specificity at frontal (prefrontal, inferior frontal, midfrontal, superior frontal) and inferior parietal regions. In the inferior parietal region, habituation was more marked in the left than the right hemisphere. Right-handers showed greater habituation than did left-handers. There was no sex difference in global habituation, but males showed greater left whereas females showed greater right hemispheric habituation. The results suggest that habituation to the experimental setting has measurable effects on rCBF, which are differently lateralized for men and women. These effects are superimposed on task activation and are most pronounced in regions that have been implicated in attentional processes. Thus, regional decrement in brain activity related to habituation seems to complement attentional effects, suggesting a neural network for habituation reciprocating that for attention.

scholarly journals Predicting audiovisual speech: Early combined effects of sentential and visual constraints

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Solberg Økland ◽  
Ana Todorović ◽  
Claudia S. Lüttke ◽  
James M. McQueen ◽  
Floris P. de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Audiovisual Speech ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Visual Constraints ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
The Right

AbstractIn language comprehension, a variety of contextual cues act in unison to render upcoming words more or less predictable. As a sentence unfolds, we use prior context (sentential constraints) to predict what the next words might be. Additionally, in a conversation, we can predict upcoming sounds through observing the mouth movements of a speaker (visual constraints). In electrophysiological studies, effects of visual salience have typically been observed early in language processing, while effects of sentential constraints have typically been observed later. We hypothesized that the visual and the sentential constraints might feed into the same predictive process such that effects of sentential constraints might also be detectable early in language processing through modulations of the early effects of visual salience. We presented participants with audiovisual speech while recording their brain activity with magnetoencephalography. Participants saw videos of a person saying sentences where the last word was either sententially constrained or not, and began with a salient or non-salient mouth movement. We found that sentential constraints indeed exerted an early (N1) influence on language processing. Sentential modulations of the N1 visual predictability effect were visible in brain areas associated with semantic processing, and were differently expressed in the two hemispheres. In the left hemisphere, visual and sentential constraints jointly suppressed the auditory evoked field, while the right hemisphere was sensitive to visual constraints only in the absence of strong sentential constraints. These results suggest that sentential and visual constraints can jointly influence even very early stages of audiovisual speech comprehension.

Social Concept of Law: A New Approach

10.12737/5274 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Сария Нанба ◽  
Sariya Nanba ◽  
Юрий Тихомиров ◽  
YUriy Tikhomirov ◽  
Фатима Цомартова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Behavioral Mechanism ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Right

Social conception of right is presented in the article. The aims of conception it is been forming of behavioral mechanism of law, and also combination of private and public interests. On the basis of social conception of right the models of her realization are offered: “conservative”, “pessimistic”, “optimistic”. Elements are offered models that are the form of expression of substantive provisions to conception. Elements it is been: aim, social interest, measure of legitimity, methods of the socially-legal affecting behavior, self-regulation, legal consciousness and legal culture et al. Methodologies of measuring of social efficiency of the legal adjusting are also offered in the article. Authors consider actual next methodologies: level of legal knowledge, legal being informed, legal culture, relation of citizens to the right; satisfaction providing of social services; estimation of quality and availability of public organs; estimation of character and volume labour.

scholarly journals Prefrontal Hemodynamic Changes Associated with Subjective Sense of Occlusal Discomfort

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumie Ono ◽  
Goh Kobayashi ◽  
Rika Hayama ◽  
Ryuhei Ikuta ◽  
Minoru Onozouka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
Somatosensory Input ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prefrontal Cortices

We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure prefrontal brain activity accompanying the physical sensation of oral discomfort that arose when healthy young-adult volunteers performed a grinding motion with mild occlusal elevation (96 μm). We simultaneously evaluated various forms of occlusal discomfort using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and hemodynamic responses to identify the specific prefrontal activity that occurs with increased occlusal discomfort. The Oxy-Hb responses of selected channels in the bilateral frontopolar and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices increased in participants who reported increased severity of occlusal discomfort, while they decreased in those who reported no change or decreased occlusal discomfort during grinding. Moreover, the cumulative values of Oxy-Hb response in some of these channels were statistically significant predictive factors for the VAS scores. A generalized linear model analysis of Oxy-Hb signals in a group of participants who reported increased discomfort further indicated significant cerebral activation in the right frontopolar and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices that overlapped with the results of correlation analyses. Our results suggest that the increased hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal area reflect the top-down control of attention and/or self-regulation against the uncomfortable somatosensory input, which could be a possible marker to detect the subjective sense of occlusal discomfort.

Neural Activation During Response Competition

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 118-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliot Hazeltine ◽  
Russell Poldrack ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Response Competition ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Task Perception ◽  
Different Response ◽  
The Right

The flanker task, introduced by Eriksen and Eriksen [Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 143-149], provides a means to selectively manipulate the presence or absence of response competition while keeping other task demands constant. We measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the flanker task. In accordance with previous behavioral studies, trials in which the flanking stimuli indicated a different response than the central stimulus were performed significantly more slowly than trials in which all the stimuli indicated the same response. This reaction time effect was accompanied by increases in activity in four regions: the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the supplementary motor area, the left superior parietal lobe, and the left anterior parietal cortex. The increases were not due to changes in stimulus complexity or the need to overcome previously learned associations between stimuli and responses. Correspondences between this study and other experiments manipulating response interference suggest that the frontal foci may be related to response inhibition processes whereas the posterior foci may be related to the activation of representations of the inappropriate responses.

scholarly journals Magnetoencephalography reveals differences in brain activations for fast and slow responses to simple multiplications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Arcara ◽  
Rachele Pezzetta ◽  
S. Benavides-Varela ◽  
G. Rizzi ◽  
S. Formica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Angular Gyrus ◽  
Open Question

AbstractDespite decades of studies, it is still an open question on how and where simple multiplications are solved by the brain. This fragmented picture is mostly related to the different tasks employed. While in neuropsychological studies patients are asked to perform and report simple oral calculations, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies often use verification tasks, in which the result is shown, and the participant must verify the correctness. This MEG study aims to unify the sources of evidence, investigating how brain activation unfolds in time using a single-digit multiplication production task. We compared the participants' brain activity—focusing on the parietal lobes—based on response efficiency, dividing their responses in fast and slow. Results showed higher activation for fast, as compared to slow, responses in the left angular gyrus starting after the first operand, and in the right supramarginal gyrus only after the second operand. A whole-brain analysis showed that fast responses had higher activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We show a timing difference of both hemispheres during simple multiplications. Results suggest that while the left parietal lobe may allow an initial retrieval of several possible solutions, the right one may be engaged later, helping to identify the solution based on magnitude checking.

scholarly journals Right Superior Temporal Gyrus Altered Functional Activity in Patients With Definite Vestibular Migraine

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yang ◽  
Zhe-Yuan Li ◽  
Li-Hong Si ◽  
Bo Shen ◽  
Xia Ling
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Cluster Size ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Vestibular Migraine ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
The Right

Abstract The study aimed to investigate resting-state functional brain activity alterations in patients with definite vestibular migraine (dVM). Seventeen patients with dVM, 8 patients with migraine, 17 health controls (HCs) were recruited. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to observe the changes in spontaneous brain activity. Then brain regions with altered fALFF were selected for seed-based functional connectivity analysis. Compared with HCs, VM patients showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right temporal lobe (Cluster size = 91 voxels, P=0.002, FWE corrected), and significantly increased ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (Cluster size = 136 voxels, P=0.013, FWE corrected). Compared with patients with migraine, patients with VM showed significantly increased fALFF values in the right parietal lobe (Cluster size = 43 voxels, P=0.011, FWE corrected) and right frontal lobe (Cluster size =36 voxels, P=0.026, FWE corrected), significantly increased ReHo values in the right thalamus (Cluster size = 92 voxels, P=0.043, FWE corrected). Our findings documented that patients with VM showed enhanced spontaneous functional activity in the right temporal lobe (STG, MTG, and ITG) compared with HCs, and increased spontaneous activity in the right parietal lobe-frontal lobe-thalamus compared with patients with migraine. Patients with VM and migraine both had altered brain function, but the regions involved are different.

scholarly journals Simple Multiplication in the Brain: A MEG Study Comparing Fast and Slow Responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcara G. ◽  
Pezzetta R. ◽  
Benavides-Varela S. ◽  
Rizzi G. ◽  
Formica S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Neurophysiological Studies ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Angular Gyrus ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Despite decades of studies, it is still an open question on how and where simple multiplication is solved by the brain. This fragmented picture is mostly related to the different tasks employed. Although in neuropsychological studies patients are asked to perform and report simple oral calculations, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies often use verification tasks, in which the result is shown, and the participant must verify the correctness. This MEG study aims to unify the sources of evidence, investigating how brain activation unfolds in time using a single-digit multiplication production task. We compared the participants’ brain activity – focusing on the parietal lobes - based on response efficiency, dividing their responses in fast and slow. Results showed a higher activation for fast, as compared to slow, responses in the left angular gyrus starting after the first operand, and in the right supramarginal gyrus only after the second operand. A whole-brain analysis showed that fast responses had higher activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We show a timing difference of both hemispheres during simple multiplications. Results suggest that while the left parietal lobe may allow an initial retrieval of several possible solutions, the right one may be engaged later, helping to identify the solution based on magnitude checking.

scholarly journals Altered Regional Brain Functional Activity Predominantly Involving the Right Superior Temporal Gyrus in Patients With Vestibular Migraine Diagnosed According to the Diagnostic Criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe-Yuan Li ◽  
Li-Hong Si ◽  
Bo Shen ◽  
Xia Ling ◽  
Xu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Caloric Test ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Motor Areas

Abstract Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is considered one of the most common cause of episodic central vestibular disorders, the mechanism of VM is currently still unclear. It is worth investigating whether VM belongs to the migraine subtype or is a separate disorder. The development of functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI) in recent years offers the possibility to explore the pathogenesis of VM in depth. The study aimed to investigate resting-state functional brain activity alterations in patients with VM diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society.Methods: Seventeen patients with VM who received treatment in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Clinical data of all patients were collected. Eight patients with migraine and 17 health controls (HCs) were also included. All subjects underwent fMRI examination. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to observe the changes in spontaneous brain activity in patients with VM. Then brain regions with altered spontaneous brain activity were selected for seeded-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to explore the changes in FC in patients with VM.Results: Among 17 patients with VM, there were 7 males and 10 females with an average age of 39.47±9.78 years old. All patients with VM had a history of migraine. Twelve (70.6%) patients with VM had recurrent spontaneous vertigo, 2 (11.7%) patients had visually-induced vertigo, and 3 (17.6%) patients had head motion-induced vertigo. All 17 patients with VM reported worsening of dizziness vertigo during visual stimulation. The migraine-like symptoms were photophobia or phonophobia (n=15, 88.2%), migraine-like headache (n=8, 47.1%), visual aura during VM onset (n= 7, 41.2%). 5 (29.4%) patients with VM had hyperactive response during the caloric test, and 12 (70.6%) patients had caloric test intolerance. Eleven (64.7%) patients had a history of motion sickness. VM patients showed exhibited significantly increased ALFF and fALFF values in the right temporal lobe (STG and MTG), and significantly increased ReHo values in the right STG, MTG and ITG in comparison with HCs. Compared with patients with migraine, patients with VM showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, significantly increased fALFF values in the right parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus and superior parietal gyrus), and the right frontal lobe (supplementary motor areas and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus), as well as significantly increased ReHo values in the right thalamus. Compared with HCs, patients with migraine showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right limbic lobe (right parahippocampal gyrus and right fusiform gyrus), left ITG and the right frontal lobe (supplementary motor areas, right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and right right inferior frontal gyrus), significantly decreased ALFF values in the pons and brainstem, significantly decreased ReHo values in the frontal cortex (including left and right supplementary motor areas, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, right paracentral lobule, right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left and right middle frontal gyrus). Conclusions: Ventral stream of visual processing and allocentric spatial cognition in patients with VM may be impaired. Vertigo attacks in patients with VM may be related to increased spontaneous activity in the right parietal lobe-frontal lobe-thalamus; patients with VM and migraine both had altered brain function, but the underlying mechanism seems to be different.

scholarly journals Self-agency built with sensorimotor processing: Decoding self-other action attribution in the human brain

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Ohata ◽  
Tomohisa Asai ◽  
Hiroshi Kadota ◽  
Hiroaki Shigemasu ◽  
Kenji Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Sense Of Agency ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
The One ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Right

AbstractA sense of agency can be defined as a subjective experience that I am the one who is causing or generating an action. Several brain regions have been proposed as neural substrates of the subjective experience; however, how the information is processed and organized by each region to achieve the sense of agency still remains unclear. In this study, we have clarified the neural representations corresponding to three processes namely, sensorimotor error, feeling of agency, and judgment of agency. Specifically, we found that the widespread sensorimotor areas represent sensorimotor error information. The right inferior parietal lobe represents the information solely on self-/other-attribution even during movements, which corresponds to the feeling of agency. Finally, the right inferior frontal gyrus shows a distinct representation between self- and other-attribution immediately before reporting the judgment on the movement attribution. These results suggest that the brain builds a sense of agency by developing distinct types of information each corresponding to the three processes with the passage of time.

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