Altered Regional Brain Functional Activity Predominantly Involving the Right Superior Temporal Gyrus in Patients With Vestibular Migraine Diagnosed According to the Diagnostic Criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society

Abstract Background: Vestibular migraine (VM) is considered one of the most common cause of episodic central vestibular disorders, the mechanism of VM is currently still unclear. It is worth investigating whether VM belongs to the migraine subtype or is a separate disorder. The development of functional nuclear magnetic resonance (fMRI) in recent years offers the possibility to explore the pathogenesis of VM in depth. The study aimed to investigate resting-state functional brain activity alterations in patients with VM diagnosed based on the diagnostic criteria of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society.Methods: Seventeen patients with VM who received treatment in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Clinical data of all patients were collected. Eight patients with migraine and 17 health controls (HCs) were also included. All subjects underwent fMRI examination. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to observe the changes in spontaneous brain activity in patients with VM. Then brain regions with altered spontaneous brain activity were selected for seeded-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis to explore the changes in FC in patients with VM.Results: Among 17 patients with VM, there were 7 males and 10 females with an average age of 39.47±9.78 years old. All patients with VM had a history of migraine. Twelve (70.6%) patients with VM had recurrent spontaneous vertigo, 2 (11.7%) patients had visually-induced vertigo, and 3 (17.6%) patients had head motion-induced vertigo. All 17 patients with VM reported worsening of dizziness vertigo during visual stimulation. The migraine-like symptoms were photophobia or phonophobia (n=15, 88.2%), migraine-like headache (n=8, 47.1%), visual aura during VM onset (n= 7, 41.2%). 5 (29.4%) patients with VM had hyperactive response during the caloric test, and 12 (70.6%) patients had caloric test intolerance. Eleven (64.7%) patients had a history of motion sickness. VM patients showed exhibited significantly increased ALFF and fALFF values in the right temporal lobe (STG and MTG), and significantly increased ReHo values in the right STG, MTG and ITG in comparison with HCs. Compared with patients with migraine, patients with VM showed significantly decreased ALFF values in the right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, significantly increased fALFF values in the right parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus and superior parietal gyrus), and the right frontal lobe (supplementary motor areas and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus), as well as significantly increased ReHo values in the right thalamus. Compared with HCs, patients with migraine showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right limbic lobe (right parahippocampal gyrus and right fusiform gyrus), left ITG and the right frontal lobe (supplementary motor areas, right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, and right right inferior frontal gyrus), significantly decreased ALFF values in the pons and brainstem, significantly decreased ReHo values in the frontal cortex (including left and right supplementary motor areas, left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left median cingulate and paracingulate gyri, right paracentral lobule, right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left and right middle frontal gyrus). Conclusions: Ventral stream of visual processing and allocentric spatial cognition in patients with VM may be impaired. Vertigo attacks in patients with VM may be related to increased spontaneous activity in the right parietal lobe-frontal lobe-thalamus; patients with VM and migraine both had altered brain function, but the underlying mechanism seems to be different.

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Right Superior Temporal Gyrus Altered Functional Activity in Patients With Definite Vestibular Migraine

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1206351/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Xu Yang ◽

Zhe-Yuan Li ◽

Li-Hong Si ◽

Bo Shen ◽

Xia Ling

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Functional Activity ◽

Cluster Size ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽

Vestibular Migraine ◽

Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽

The Right

Abstract The study aimed to investigate resting-state functional brain activity alterations in patients with definite vestibular migraine (dVM). Seventeen patients with dVM, 8 patients with migraine, 17 health controls (HCs) were recruited. The amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), fractional ALFF (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were calculated to observe the changes in spontaneous brain activity. Then brain regions with altered fALFF were selected for seed-based functional connectivity analysis. Compared with HCs, VM patients showed significantly increased ALFF values in the right temporal lobe (Cluster size = 91 voxels, P=0.002, FWE corrected), and significantly increased ReHo values in the right superior temporal gyrus (STG), middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) (Cluster size = 136 voxels, P=0.013, FWE corrected). Compared with patients with migraine, patients with VM showed significantly increased fALFF values in the right parietal lobe (Cluster size = 43 voxels, P=0.011, FWE corrected) and right frontal lobe (Cluster size =36 voxels, P=0.026, FWE corrected), significantly increased ReHo values in the right thalamus (Cluster size = 92 voxels, P=0.043, FWE corrected). Our findings documented that patients with VM showed enhanced spontaneous functional activity in the right temporal lobe (STG, MTG, and ITG) compared with HCs, and increased spontaneous activity in the right parietal lobe-frontal lobe-thalamus compared with patients with migraine. Patients with VM and migraine both had altered brain function, but the regions involved are different.

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Dynamic Altered Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.683610 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ruiping Zheng ◽

Yuan Chen ◽

Yu Jiang ◽

Mengmeng Wen ◽

Bingqian Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Neural Activity ◽

Temporal Variability ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Low Frequency ◽

First Episode ◽

Posterior Lobe ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Drug Naïve ◽

The Right

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has demonstrated abnormalities of static intrinsic brain activity measured by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Recent studies regarding the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) have found the brain activity is inherently dynamic over time. Little is known, however, regarding the temporal dynamics of local neural activity in MDD. Here, we investigated whether temporal dynamic changes in spontaneous neural activity are influenced by MDD.Methods: We recruited 81 first-episode, drug-naive MDD patients and 64 age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls who underwent rs-fMRI. A sliding-window approach was then adopted for the estimation of dynamic ALFF (dALFF), which was used to measure time-varying brain activity and then compared between the two groups. The relationship between altered dALFF variability and clinical variables in MDD patients was also analyzed.Results: MDD patients showed increased temporal variability (dALFF) mainly focused on the bilateral thalamus, the bilateral superior frontal gyrus, the right middle frontal gyrus, the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, and the vermis. Furthermore, increased dALFF variability values in the right thalamus and right cerebellum posterior lobe were positively correlated with MDD symptom severity.Conclusions: The overall results suggest that altered temporal variability in corticocerebellar–thalamic–cortical circuit (CCTCC), involved in emotional, executive, and cognitive, is associated with drug-naive, first-episode MDD patients. Moreover, our study highlights the vital role of abnormal dynamic brain activity in the cerebellar hemisphere associated with CCTCC in MDD patients. These findings may provide novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of MDD.

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Prefrontal dysfunction associated with a history of suicide attempts among patients with recent onset schizophrenia

npj Schizophrenia ◽

10.1038/s41537-020-00118-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jun Matsuoka ◽

Shinsuke Koike ◽

Yoshihiro Satomura ◽

Naohiro Okada ◽

Yukika Nishimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Block Design ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Recent Onset ◽

Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽

History Of ◽

The Right

Abstract Suicide is a major cause of death in patients with schizophrenia, particularly among those with recent disease onset. Although brain imaging studies have identified the neuroanatomical correlates of suicidal behavior, functional brain activity correlates particularly in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSZ) remain unknown. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) recording with a high-density coverage of the prefrontal area, we investigated whether prefrontal activity is altered in patients with ROSZ having a history of suicide attempts. A 52-channel NIRS system was used to examine hemodynamic changes in patients with ROSZ that had a history of suicide attempts (n = 24) or that lacked such a history (n = 62), and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 119), during a block-design letter fluency task (LFT). Patients with a history of suicide attempts exhibited decreased activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with those without such a history. Our findings indicate that specific regions of the prefrontal cortex may be associated with suicidal attempts, which may have implications for early intervention for psychosis.

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Decreases in Frontal and Parietal Lobe Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Related to Habituation

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.1992.78 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 546-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Steven Warach ◽

Ruben C. Gur ◽

Raquel E. Gur ◽

Brett E. Skolnick ◽

Walter D. Obrist ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Right Hemisphere ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Inhalation Technique ◽

Attentional Processes ◽

Left Handed ◽

Verbal Tasks ◽

Spatial Tasks ◽

Regional Specificity ◽

The Right

We previously reported decreased mean CBF between consecutive resting conditions, ascribed to habituation. Here we address the regional specificity of habituation over three consecutive flow studies. Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured in 55 adults (12 right-handed men, 12 right-handed women, 14 left-handed men, 17 left-handed women), with the 133Xe inhalation technique, during three conditions: Resting, verbal tasks (analogies), and spatial tasks (line orientation). Changes in rCBF attributable to the cognitive tasks were eliminated by correcting these values to a resting equivalent. There was a progressive decrease in mean rCBF over time, reflecting habituation. This effect differed by region, with specificity at frontal (prefrontal, inferior frontal, midfrontal, superior frontal) and inferior parietal regions. In the inferior parietal region, habituation was more marked in the left than the right hemisphere. Right-handers showed greater habituation than did left-handers. There was no sex difference in global habituation, but males showed greater left whereas females showed greater right hemispheric habituation. The results suggest that habituation to the experimental setting has measurable effects on rCBF, which are differently lateralized for men and women. These effects are superimposed on task activation and are most pronounced in regions that have been implicated in attentional processes. Thus, regional decrement in brain activity related to habituation seems to complement attentional effects, suggesting a neural network for habituation reciprocating that for attention.

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Post-Stimulation Effect of Electroacupuncture at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 on cerebral functional regions in healthy volunteers: A resting functional MRI study

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/acupmed-2011-010123 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 307-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yu Zheng ◽

Shanshan Qu ◽

Na Wang ◽

Limin Liu ◽

Guanzhong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frontal Lobe ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Occipital Lobe ◽

Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Left Frontal Lobe ◽

Posterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽

Functional Regions ◽

Limbic Lobe ◽

The Right

Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.

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Effects of the DRD4 −521 C/T SNP on Local Neural Activity and Functional Connectivity in Children With ADHD

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.785464 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Huan Zhang ◽

Binrang Yang ◽

Gang Peng ◽

Linlin Zhang ◽

Diangang Fang

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Brain Function ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Regional Homogeneity ◽

Frequency Fluctuation ◽

Behavioral Performance ◽

Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Middle Occipital Gyrus ◽

The Right

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) −521 C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism on brain function among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to evaluate whether brain function is associated with behavioral performance among this demographic.Methods: Using regional homogeneity, fractional amplitude low-frequency fluctuation, and functional connectivity as measurement indices, we compared differences in resting-state brain function between 34 boys with ADHD in the TT homozygous group and 37 boys with ADHD in the C-allele carrier group. The Conners' Parent Rating Scale, the SNAP-IV Rating Scale, the Stroop Color Word Test, the go/no-go task, the n-back task, and the working memory index within the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition were selected as comparative indicators in order to test effects on behavioral performance.Results: We found that TT homozygotes had low behavioral performance as compared with C-allele carriers. The regional homogeneity for TT homozygotes decreased in the right middle occipital gyrus and increased in the right superior frontal gyrus as compared with C-allele carriers. In addition, the right middle occipital gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus were used as the seeds of functional connectivity, and we found that the functional connectivity between the right middle occipital gyrus and the right cerebellum decreased, as did the functional connectivity between the right superior frontal gyrus and the angular gyrus. No statistically significant differences were observed in the respective brain regions when comparing the fractional amplitudes for low-frequency fluctuation between the two groups. Correlation analyses demonstrated that the fractional amplitude low-frequency fluctuation in the precentral gyrus for TT homozygotes were statistically significantly correlated with working memory.Conclusions: We found differing effects of DRD4 −521 C/T polymorphisms on brain function among boys with ADHD. These findings promote our understanding of the genetic basis for neurobiological differences observed among children with ADHD, but they must be confirmed in larger samples.

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Learning 2-in-1: Towards Integrated EEG-fMRI-Neurofeedback

10.1101/397729 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lorraine Perronnet ◽

Anatole Lécuyer ◽

Marsel Mano ◽

Mathis Fleury ◽

Giulia Lioi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parietal Lobe ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Imagery Task ◽

New Approach ◽

Feedback Strategies ◽

Activity Measures ◽

Early Effects ◽

Types Of Information ◽

The Right

ABSTRACTNeurofeedback (NF) allows to exert self-regulation over specific aspects of one’s own brain activity by returning information extracted in real-time from brain activity measures. These measures are usually acquired from a single modality, most commonly electroencephalography (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). EEG-fMRI-neurofeedback (EEG-fMRI-NF) is a new approach that consists in providing a NF based simultaneously on EEG and fMRI signals. By exploiting the complementarity of these two modalities, EEG-fMRI-NF opens a new spectrum of possibilities for defining bimodal NF targets that could be more robust, flexible and effective than unimodal ones. Since EEG-fMRI-NF allows for a richer amount of information to be fed back, the question arises of how to represent the EEG and fMRI features simultaneously in order to allow the subject to achieve better self-regulation. In this work, we propose to represent EEG and fMRI features in a single bimodal feedback (integrated feedback). We introduce two integrated feedback strategies for EEG-fMRI-NF and compare their early effects on a motor imagery task with a between-group design. The BiDim group (n=10) was shown a two-dimensional (2D) feedback in which each dimension depicted the information from one modality. The UniDim group (n=10) was shown a one-dimensional (1D) feedback that integrated both types of information even further by merging them into one. Online fMRI activations were significantly higher in the UniDim group than in the BiDim group, which suggests that the 1D feedback is easier to control than the 2D feedback. However subjects from the BiDim group produced more specific BOLD activations with a notably stronger activation in the right superior parietal lobe (BiDim > UniDim, p < 0.001, uncorrected). These results suggest that the 2D feedback encourages subjects to explore their strategies to recruit more specific brain patterns. To summarize, our study shows that 1D and 2D integrated feedbacks are effective but also appear to be complementary and could therefore be used in a bimodal NF training program. Altogether, our study paves the way to novel integrated feedback strategies for the development of flexible and effective bimodal NF paradigms that fully exploits bimodal information and are adapted to clinical applications.

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Mirror writing in a patient with frontal-lobe epilepsy

10.22541/au.161633766.67433026/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vityala Yethindra ◽

Elmira Mamytova ◽

Tugolbai Tagaev ◽

Sagynali Mamatov

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽

Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Impaired Consciousness ◽

Refractory Status ◽

History Of ◽

Clonic Seizures ◽

The Right ◽

Mirror Writing

A 36-year-old male with non-lesional refractory frontal-lobe epilepsy, diagnosed at 16 years of age, and with a history of four hospitalizations for refractory status epilepticus and admitted to the intensive care unit with focal seizures in the right upper limb, impaired consciousness, and recurrent progression to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures.

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Altered Temporal Dynamic Intrinsic Brain Activity in Late Blindness

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/1913805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xin Huang ◽

Zhi Wen ◽

Chen-Xing Qi ◽

Yan Tong ◽

Han-Dong Dan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Processing ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Gaussian Random Field ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Sliding Window ◽

Crossmodal Plasticity ◽

The Difference ◽

Structural Architecture ◽

The Right ◽

Intrinsic Brain Activity

Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that visual deprivation triggers significant crossmodal plasticity in the functional and structural architecture of the brain. However, prior neuroimaging studies focused on the static brain activity in blindness. It remains unknown whether alterations of dynamic intrinsic brain activity occur in late blindness (LB). This study investigated dynamic intrinsic brain activity changes in individuals with late blindness by assessing the dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFFs) using sliding-window analyses. Forty-one cases of late blindness (LB) (29 males and 12 females, mean age: 39.70±12.66 years) and 48 sighted controls (SCs) (17 males and 31 females, mean age: 43.23±13.40 years) closely matched in age, sex, and education level were enrolled in this study. The dALFF with sliding-window analyses was used to compare the difference in dynamic intrinsic brain activity between the two groups. Compared with SCs, individuals with LB exhibited significantly lower dALFF values in the bilateral lingual gyrus (LING)/calcarine (CAL) and left thalamus (THA). LB cases also showed considerably decreased dFC values between the bilateral LING/CAL and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and between the left THA and the right LING/cerebelum_6 (CER) (two-tailed, voxel-level P<0.01, Gaussian random field (GRF) correction, cluster-level P<0.05). Our study demonstrated that LB individuals showed lower-temporal variability of dALFF in the visual cortices and thalamus, suggesting lower flexibility of visual thalamocortical activity, which might reflect impaired visual processing in LB individuals. These findings indicate that abnormal dynamic intrinsic brain activity might be involved in the neurophysiological mechanisms of LB.

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Cerebral ischaemia after repair of coarctation of the aorta

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951114001036 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 780-782

Author(s):

Maria Gogou ◽

Anastasia Keivanidou ◽

Andreas Giannopoulos

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Balloon Angioplasty ◽

Cerebral Ischaemia ◽

Aortic Coarctation ◽

Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽

Paediatric Department ◽

History Of ◽

Transient Cerebral Ischaemia ◽

The Right

AbstractA 9-year-old boy, with a history of repair of severe coarctation of the aorta through balloon angioplasty 2 weeks ago, presented in the emergency paediatric department with symptoms consistent with transient cerebral ischaemia. MRI revealed an area of cerebral infarction in the right frontal lobe. Causes of cerebral ischaemia after aortic coarctation repair are briefly discussed.

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