scholarly journals Genetic hubs: a phylogeographer’s widget for pinpointing of ancestral populations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikula Ondřej
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Statistical Phylogeography

AbstractStatistical phylogeography benefits from the development of increasingly realistic models of spatially structured genetic variation. Their fitting, however, is computationally demanding and requires population and/or genomic sampling that is not available for many species of interest. ‘Genetic hubs’ is a method that can be used for exploratory analyses of various kinds of genetic data, including those as typical in mitochondrial phylogeography, i.e. many small samples of single locus genotypes scattered throughout the species distributional range. ‘Genetic hubs’ allows to quantify and visualize gradients of genetic variation with the aim to pinpoint possible origin of expansion. It estimates local genetic variability as an accessibility of all genetic variation from the site in question and it allows to take dissimilarity of genotypes into account. The method represents fast and versatile tool that can be used whenever history of range expansion is assumed to shape the observed distribution of genetic variation and it is useful especially for preliminary analyses whose purpose is to provide sound basis for formulation of testable hypotheses and design of follow-up studies.

Ischemic Colitis and Stricture After Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-317
Author(s):  
Hadi Sawaf ◽  
Marcia J. Sharp ◽  
Kum J. Youn ◽  
Patrick A. Jewell ◽  
Ali Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

The hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) was first described by Von Gasser et al.1 in 1955 as a syndrome of acute renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia in children. Follow-up studies on HUS have emphasized hypertension and uremia as late complications.2,3 A review of the literature has revealed no previously reported cases of persistent colitis and bowel stenosis after HUS. We present a child who continued to have intermittent intestinal obstruction and diarrhea until surgical removal of a segment of colon almost seven months after the onset of HUS. CASE REPORT A 26-month-old white boy who had no history of gastrointestinal disturbance had sudden onset of diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool.

Natural history of postoperative aneurysm rests

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Feuerberg ◽  
Christer Lindquist ◽  
Melker Lindqvist ◽  
Ladislau Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Microsurgical Techniques ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Saccular Aneurysms

✓ In a series of 715 patients operated on by microsurgical techniques for intracranial saccular aneurysms between 1970 and 1980, part of the aneurysmal sac was not obliterated in 28 aneurysms in 27 patients (3.8% of 715 cases). Clinical follow-up evaluation for 8 years (range 4 to 13 years) and angiographic follow-up studies for 6 years (range 2 to 10 years) in these 27 cases revealed that one aneurysm rest increased in size and bled twice, five were spontaneously obliterated, two decreased in size, 13 remained unchanged, and in seven cases no late follow-up angiography was performed. The incidence of rebleeding from an aneurysm rest was 3.7% of the 27 in whom the sac was not obliterated and 0.14% of all 715 patients who were operated on.

scholarly journals Evidence for Genetic Hitchhiking Effect Associated With Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 793-800
Author(s):  
Guiyun Yan ◽  
Dave D Chadee ◽  
David W Severson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
History Of

Abstract Information on genetic variation within and between populations is critical for understanding the evolutionary history of mosquito populations and disease epidemiology. Previous studies with Drosophila suggest that genetic variation of selectively neutral loci in a large fraction of genome may be constrained by fixation of advantageous mutations associated with hitchhiking effect. This study examined restriction fragment length polymorphisms of four natural Aedes aegypti mosquito populations from Trinidad and Tobago, at 16 loci. These populations have been subjected to organophosphate (OP) insecticide treatments for more than two decades, while dichlor-diphenyltrichlor (DDT) was the insecticide of choice prior to this period. We predicted that genes closely linked to the OP target loci would exhibit reduced genetic variation as a result of the hitchhiking effect associated with intensive OP insecticide selection. We also predicted that genetic variability of the genes conferring resistance to DDT and loci near the target site would be similar to other unlinked loci. As predicted, reduced genetic variation was found for loci in the general chromosomal region of a putative OP target site, and these loci generally exhibited larger FST values than other random loci. In contrast, the gene conferring resistance to DDT and its linked loci show polymorphisms and genetic differentiation similar to other random loci. The reduced genetic variability and apparent gene deletion in some regions of chromosome 1 likely reflect the hitchhiking effect associated with OP insecticide selection.

SPECIAL REVIEWS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH J. P. WEDGWOOD ◽  
CHARLES D. COOK ◽  
JONATHAN COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Endocrine Therapy ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Respiratory Involvement ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Active Disease ◽  
Symptomatic Benefit

Twenty-six cases of dermatomyositis in children with follow-up studies ranging from one to 19 years are presented in order to indicate the natural history of this disease. Of these 26 children, 10 are dead, 4 still have active disease, 4 have crippling contractures and 8 are able to lead an active normal life. Thirteen of the children received endocrine therapy with adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisone or testosterone. This appeared to produce at least symptomatic benefit in some cases, particularly early in the course of the active disease and, coordinated with symptomatic care, helped to tide the patients through the acute stages. The most important treatment consists of persistent orthopedic measures and physiotherapy to minimize contractures. Since death in this disease often results from palato-respiratory involvement, maintenance of an adequate airway and the use of a mechanical respirator may be life-saving.

Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Sitana marudhamneydhal and the validity of Sitana attenboroughii

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4964 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-540
Author(s):  
A. BALAN ◽  
D. JUDE ◽  
SURYA NARAYANAN ◽  
SANDEEP VARMA ◽  
V. DEEPAK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Two Populations

Dewlap morphology and body ratios are two of the main morphological characters used in delimiting Sitana spp. It becomes a statistical limitation when small samples are used in species descriptions, as outliers can be picked to be described as a distinct species. Genetic data has been used to support the distinctness of a species in Sitana. However, species with shallow genetic divergence becomes a problem if not thoroughly examined. We examine and report our findings on morphological and genetic differences in two populations of Sitana marudhamneydhal and one population of S. attenboroughii. The shallow genetic divergence and overlapping morphology shows that Sitana attenboroughii is a junior synonym of Sitana marudhamneydhal 

scholarly journals Halo Wide Binaries and Moving Clusters as Probes of the Dynamical and Merger History of our Galaxy

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S240) ◽  
pp. 405-413
Author(s):  
Christine Allen ◽  
Arcadio Poveda ◽  
A. Hernández-Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Phase Space ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Physical Reality ◽  
Galactic Potential ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Metallicity ◽  
The Masses

AbstractWide or fragile pairs are sensitive probes of the galactic potential, and they have been used to provide information about the galactic tidal field, the density of GMC and the masses of dark matter perturbers present in both the disk and the halo. Halo wide binaries and moving clusters, since they are likely to be the remains of past mergers or of dissolved clusters, can provide information on the dynamical and merger history of our Galaxy. Such remnants should continue to show similar motions over times of the order of their ages. We have looked for phase space groupings among the low-metallicity stars of Schuster et al (2006) and have identified a number of candidate moving clusters. In several of the moving clusters we found a wide CPM binary already identified in our catalogue of wide binaries among high-velocity and metal-poor stars (Allen et al 2000a). Spectroscopic follow-up studies of these stars would confirm the physical reality of the groups, as well as allow us to distinguish whether their progenitors are dissolved clusters or accreted extragalactic systems.

A Follow-up Study of Obsessional Neurotics in Hong Kong Chinese

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (501) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Lo
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Effect Of Therapy ◽  
History Of

The study of the natural history of a mental illness is important because it may contribute to the diagnosis, management and prognosis of the illness and provide a means of evaluating the effect of therapy. Chapman (1963) has enumerated the difficulties which are responsible for the scanty extensive follow-up studies in neurotic patients. In recent years various new drugs have been introduced to the field of psychiatry and many are claimed to be effective in the treatment of neurosis, but their treatment results cannot be convincingly gauged until the course and prognosis of neurosis are better known. As far as obsessional neurosis is concerned there have been a few major follow-up studies carried out in European countries by Lewis (1936), Müller (1953), Rüdin (1953), Pollitt (1957), Ingram (1961a) and Kringlen (1965), but it would not be legitimate to transfer their findings without qualification or caution to Asian countries in view of racial and cultural differences.

scholarly journals Molecular Insights into the Genetic Variability of ORF Virus in a Mediterranean Region (Sardinia, Italy)

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Coradduzza ◽  
Daria Sanna ◽  
Angela M. Rocchigiani ◽  
Davide Pintus ◽  
Fabio Scarpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Orf Virus ◽  
Contagious Ecthyma ◽  
History Of

Orf virus (ORFV) represents the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, clinically characterized by mild papular and pustular to severe proliferative lesions, mainly occurring in sheep and goats. In order to provide hints on the evolutionary history of this virus, we carried out a study aimed to assess the genetic variation of ORFV in Sardinia that hosts a large affected small ruminant population. We also found a high worldwide mutational viral evolutionary rate, which resulted, in turn, higher than the rate we detected for the strains isolated in Sardinia. In addition, a well-supported genetic divergence was found between the viral strains isolated from sheep and those from goats, but no relevant connection was evidenced between the severity of lesions produced by ORFV and specific polymorphic patterns in the two species of hosts. Such a finding suggests that ORFV infection-related lesions are not necessarily linked to the expression of one of the three genes here analyzed and could rather be the effect of the expression of other genes or rather represents a multifactorial character.

What graduate follow-up studies can tell us

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 976-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H Distlehorst
Keyword(s):  
Follow Up Studies

Natural history of helicobacter pylori infection from infancy to adulthood: A 21-year follow-up cohort study

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A128-A128 ◽  
Author(s):  
H MALATY ◽  
D GRAHAM ◽  
A ELKASABANY ◽  
S REDDY ◽  
S SRINIVASAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽  
History Of
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