Morphological and genetic variation in populations of Sitana marudhamneydhal and the validity of Sitana attenboroughii

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4964 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-540
Author(s):  
A. BALAN ◽  
D. JUDE ◽  
SURYA NARAYANAN ◽  
SANDEEP VARMA ◽  
V. DEEPAK
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Two Populations

Dewlap morphology and body ratios are two of the main morphological characters used in delimiting Sitana spp. It becomes a statistical limitation when small samples are used in species descriptions, as outliers can be picked to be described as a distinct species. Genetic data has been used to support the distinctness of a species in Sitana. However, species with shallow genetic divergence becomes a problem if not thoroughly examined. We examine and report our findings on morphological and genetic differences in two populations of Sitana marudhamneydhal and one population of S. attenboroughii. The shallow genetic divergence and overlapping morphology shows that Sitana attenboroughii is a junior synonym of Sitana marudhamneydhal 

Genetic variation between and within two populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) in Western Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Jane Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Two Populations

Genetic variation between and within populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) was studied using seed collected from 2 sites in Western Australia: Mount Barker in the south and Kwelkan in the wheatbelt. Seed was collected at 64 subplots within each site and the material was grown at the University Field Station at Shenton Park, Perth. Seventeen morphological characters were scored and the results were analysed using analysis of variance, principal components analysis, and cluster analysis. Within-site variation was much greater than had previously been shown, and a considerable amount of between-site variation was present. It is suggested that within-site variation is due to a small amount of heterozygosity, as a result of limited outbreeding, being present in each population. The 2 populations are shown to be distinct from each other, with the population from Mount Barker containing more within-site variation. It is suggested that this is a result of climatic stress influencing and reducing the amount of variation being maintained in the Kwelkan population.

Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis García, 2001 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4232 (2) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW EDWARD Z. SHORT ◽  
MAURICIO GARCÍA ◽  
JENNIFER C. GIRÓN
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Lotic Habitats ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
One New Species

The Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis García, 2001 is revised. Originally described from a single male specimen from southeastern Venezuela, the genus has since been found in localities across the Guiana Shield region and beyond, including Colombia, Suriname, Guyana, and Brazil. The genus is redescribed. Morphological characters and genetic data from the mitochondrial gene COI from ten populations across its range provide support for two distinct species, corresponding loosely to geography. The type species, G. hemisphericus García, is redescribed and newly recorded from Guyana, Suriname, and Brazil (Amazonas, Para). One new species is described, Globulosis flavus sp. n. from southwestern Venezuela (Amazonas, Bolivar). The genus is associated with lotic habitats, and typically found along the margins of small to medium sized streams. High-resolution habitus and aedeagal images and distribution maps for all species are provided. 

The taxonomic status of Aphodius insperatus Petrovitz, A. longipennis Rakovič and A. inylchekensis Frolov (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4728 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-394
Author(s):  
ANDREY V. FROLOV ◽  
LILIA A. AKHMETOVA ◽  
DAVID KRÁL
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Diagnostic Characters

The subgenus Bodilus Mulsant & Rey, 1870 of the genus Aphodius Helwig, 1798 sensu lato comprises 30 species in the Palearctic fauna (Frolov 2001, 2002, Dellacasa et al. 2016 [treated as genus Bodilus]). Frolov (2001) reviewed the species of this subgenus from Russia and adjacent countries and suggested that the monotypic subgenus Paramelinopterus Rakovič, 1984 shares the main diagnostic characters of Bodilus. Frolov (2001) was unable, however, to examine the type species of Paramelinopterus, A. longipennis Rakovič, 1984, at that time. Král (2016) suggested that A. (Bodilus) inylchekensis Frolov, 2001 is a junior synonym of A. longipennis. Recently we have re-examined all the types as well as the additional material accumulated in the museums and can confirm that A. inylchekensis is a distinct species, but A. insperatus Petrovitz, 1967 and A. longipennis cannot be reliably separated by the morphological characters. In the present contribution we illustrate the major diagnostic characters of the species based on the type specimens and also provide a distribution map of the known localities of the species. 

Redescriptions and comments on the validity of Acuaria subula and A. skrjabini (Nematoda, Spirurida, Acuariidae), parasites of passerine birds

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasen Mutafchiev ◽  
Vytautas Kontrimavichus ◽  
Boyko Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Passer Domesticus ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Curonian Spit ◽  
Glandular Oesophagus ◽  
Type Host ◽  
New Synonymy

AbstractAcuaria subula (Dujardin, 1845) is redescribed by light microcopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the basis of specimens from its type host, Erithacus rubecula (Passeriformes, Muscicapidae), from Curonian Spit (Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, Russia) and Bulgaria. Acuaria skrjabini (Ozerskaya, 1926) is redescribed by LM and SEM on the basis of specimens from Passer domesticus (type host) and P. hispaniolensis (Passeriformes, Passeridae) from Bulgaria. Contrary to previous opinions recognizing A. skrjabini as a junior synonym of A. subula, the present study confirms that they are distinct species. They can be distinguished on the basis of the ratio between the length of cordons and the body length, the ratio between the length of muscular oesophagus and glandular oesophagus, and the ratio between the total length of oesophagus and the body length. In addition, the plates forming the cordons in these two species exhibit different morphological characters. Another difference between these two species is associated with the particular irregular mosaic ornamentation of the cuticle on the ventral and lateral sides of body around the region of vulva of A. subula and its absence in A. skrjabini. Data on their host and geographical ranges are surveyed. The type series of Acuaria buttnerae Chabaud et Petter, 1961, described as a parasite of Calandrella brachydactyla (Passeriformes, Alaudidae) in France, is re-examined; the latter species is recognized as a junior synonym of A. skrjabini (new synonymy).

Redefinition of the cicada tribe Hemidictyini Distant, 1905, status of the tribe Iruanini Boulard, 1993 rev. stat., and the establishment of Hovanini n. tribe and Sapantangini n. tribe (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4747 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
ALLEN F. SANBORN ◽  
DAVID C. MARSHALL ◽  
MAXWELL S. MOULDS ◽  
STÉPHANE PUISSANT ◽  
CHRIS SIMON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Distinct Part

A recent paper by Ruschel & Campos (2019) on “leaf-winged” cicadas proposed a significant reorganization of the cicada tribe Hemidictyini Distant, 1905g, including synonymization of the monogeneric tribe Lacetasini Moulds & Marshall, 2018 following the results of a cladistic parsimony analysis of morphological characters. In this study, we reconsider and revise the morphological analysis of Ruschel & Campos and obtain new genetic data for Hemidictya. We find that their study suffers from a limited taxon sample, inappropriate outgroup selection, and misinterpretation of genitalic characters (uncus vs. claspers). We show that Hemidictyini sensu Ruschel & Campos includes members of multiple tribes and subfamilies, and we conclude that some of the taxonomic transfers by Ruschel & Campos are not supported. The two most similar and leaf-like cicadas, Hemidictya Burmeister, 1835 (South America) and Hovana Distant, 1905g (Madagascar), are probably not closely related but rather an excellent example of convergent evolution. Lacetasini is not a junior synonym of the Hemidictyini but a distinct part of the Tettigomyiinae Distant, 1905g as originally classified. We return or transfer the genera Lacetas Karsch, 1890, Iruana Distant, 1905g, Bafutalna Boulard, 1993, and Murphyalna Boulard, 2012 to the Lacetasini. With the transfer of all genera of Iruanina Boulard, 1993 and Bafutalnina Boulard, 1993 to Lacetasini and with Lacetas transferred to the Iruanina, Lacetasini n. syn. becomes a subjective junior synonym of Iruanini rev. stat. in the Tettigomyiinae. We assign Hovana to Hovanini n. tribe in the Tettigomyiinae and Sapantanga Distant, 1905g to Sapantangini n. tribe in the Tibicininae Distant, 1905b. We propose that Hemidictyini sensu novo contains only the genus Hemidictya and we assign the tribe to Tibicininae with a revised diagnosis. 

An electrophoretic comparison of the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus Neumann, 1899, with I. cornuatus Roberts, 1960 (Acari : Ixodidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janey Jackson ◽  
Neil B. Chilton ◽  
Ian Beveridge ◽  
Michelle Morris ◽  
Ross H. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Genetic Heterogeneity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Electrophoretic Study ◽  
Ixodes Holocyclus ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
Paralysis Tick

An electrophoretic study was conducted on ticks morphologically identified as either Ixodes cornuatus or I. holocyclus from Tasmania and several localities on mainland Australia. Ticks were characterised genetically at 27 enzyme loci encoding 24 enzymes. The extent of genetic divergence (52–69% fixed differences) between ticks from Tasmania and those from the mainland was equivalent to that found between these two groups and two morphologically distinct species, I. hirsti and I. fecialis. The Tasmanian ticks therefore represent a different species from the specimens from the mainland and the electrophoretic data show that the morphological characters currently used to distinguish I. holocyclus from I. cornuatus are inadequate. Genetic heterogeneity was detected in samples from different localities on the mainland. This could represent either population variation, or the existence of cryptic species, but more ticks from these mainland localities need to be examined electrophoretically to resolve this.

scholarly journals Genetic hubs: a phylogeographer’s widget for pinpointing of ancestral populations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikula Ondřej
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
Statistical Phylogeography

AbstractStatistical phylogeography benefits from the development of increasingly realistic models of spatially structured genetic variation. Their fitting, however, is computationally demanding and requires population and/or genomic sampling that is not available for many species of interest. ‘Genetic hubs’ is a method that can be used for exploratory analyses of various kinds of genetic data, including those as typical in mitochondrial phylogeography, i.e. many small samples of single locus genotypes scattered throughout the species distributional range. ‘Genetic hubs’ allows to quantify and visualize gradients of genetic variation with the aim to pinpoint possible origin of expansion. It estimates local genetic variability as an accessibility of all genetic variation from the site in question and it allows to take dissimilarity of genotypes into account. The method represents fast and versatile tool that can be used whenever history of range expansion is assumed to shape the observed distribution of genetic variation and it is useful especially for preliminary analyses whose purpose is to provide sound basis for formulation of testable hypotheses and design of follow-up studies.

Genetic Identity and Diversity of Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium) in Its Native and Invaded Ranges

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Gaskin ◽  
Mark Schwarzländer ◽  
Hariet L. Hinz ◽  
Livy Williams ◽  
Esther Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Native Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Current Species

AbstractPerennial pepperweed is an invasive plant species in North America, native to temperate Eurasia and northern Africa. Effective biological control depends upon correct taxonomic identification. Therefore, we investigated morphological and genetic data (cpDNA sequences and amplified fragment length polymorphisms [AFLP]) in its native range, where the species is at times treated as multiple taxa (L. latifolium, L. affine and L. obtusum). We also analyzed genetic data to determine the number and distribution of haplotypes and genotypes in the invaded range. Using Bayesian analysis, we found three clusters of AFLP genotypes in the native range, but little correlation between these clusters and morphological characters used to distinguish taxa. Also, we found combinations of morphological character states within many native range plants that are incompatible with current species descriptions, offering no support for splitting L. latifolium sensu lato into three species. In North America 97% of the genetic variation was among populations and there were only eight AFLP genotypes in 288 plants, suggesting few introductions or a severe bottleneck, and little or no creation of new genotypes since introduction. We found plants in the native range that are genetically similar (88 to 99%) to six of the eight invasive AFLP genotypes, suggesting that Kazakhstan and China are origins for much of the North American invasion.

scholarly journals Species or population? Systematic status of Vieja coatlicue (Teleostei: Cichlidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb D. McMahan ◽  
Wilfredo A. Matamoros ◽  
Diego J. Elías ◽  
Kyle R. Piller
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Morphological Character ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Cichlid Species ◽  
Systematic Status ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

ABSTRACT Pacific and Atlantic-slope rivers of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Mexico contain two cichlid species of the genus Vieja relevant to the current study, V. zonata and V. coatlicue, respectively. The Atlantic-slope species was initially considered a population of uncertain taxonomic status and recently described as a distinct species based on three putatively diagnostic morphological characters. The objective of this study was to combine new and existing genetic data, along with reanalysis of morphological characters, to test the distinctiveness of V. coatlicue. Little genetic variability and no geographic structuring were recovered. Additionally, putatively diagnostic morphological character states were present across both species, failing to separate the forms. The synthesis of molecular and morphological data supports the recognition of V. coatlicue as a junior synonym of V. zonata.

Diversity of Tropidurus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Paraguay—an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular genetic evidence

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4375 (4) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIER CACCIALI ◽  
GUNTHER KÖHLER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Molecular Genetic Evidence

Tropidurus is a Neotropical genus of iguanoid lizards characterized by a conspicuously enlarged interparietal plate, the presence of gular folds, presence of infradigital keels, and the absence of femoral pores. Currently, 29 species are recognized within the genus, seven of which are present in Paraguay: T. etheridgei, T. torquatus, T. guarani, T. lagunablanca, T. spinulosus, T. tarara, and T. teyumirim. We generated genetic data based on two DNA mitochondrial markers (16S and COI) and one nuclear (PRLR) marker for all the seven Paraguayan species with the goal to identify the taxonomic relationships among taxa based on the intra- and interspecific genetic variation and the construction of molecular clusters. ML and BI analyses match in the recognition of two main clusters: groups torquatus and spinulosus, and within the torquatus group the differentiation between T. catalanensis and T. etheridgei is highly supported. Nevertheless, there is a complete lack of congruence between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in the topology within the spinulosus group. Tropidurus guarani and T. spinulosus are more differentiated from the remaining species of the spinulosus group with genetic p-distances from 4.0 to 6.0. Low distances were found between T. lagunablanca and T. tarara (1.0–1.1%), and slightly higher, among T. teyumirim, T. lagunablanca, and T. tarara (2.0–2.6% respectively). From a morphological perspective, species of the Tropidurus torquatus group are easily distinguished; but we found strong overlaps of scalation characters in the spinulosus group. We interpret the low genetic distances documented among the nominal taxa Tropidurus lagunablanca, T. tarara, and T. teyumirim as evidence for conspecificity. This hypothesis is supported by the lack of morphological characters that would diagnose any of the three taxa. Similarly, we found low genetic distances among populations assigned to the nominal taxa T. guarani and T. spinulosus, including samples from near the type locality of the former, and therefore we recognize only two species of the T. spinulosus complex in Paraguay: T. spinulosus and T. lagunablanca. 

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