scholarly journals Feeding location of aphid prey affects life history traits of a native predator

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Cibils-Stewart ◽  
James Nechols ◽  
Kristopher Giles ◽  
Brian P. McCornack
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Prey Suitability ◽  
Aphid Prey ◽  
Consumption Rates

AbstractThe green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae S., and the cabbage aphid (CA), Brevicoryne brassicae L., exhibit a feeding preference when exposed to different canola (Brassica napus L.) plant structures. Preference may be associated with the concentration and/or composition of allelochemicals; specifically, glucosinolates (GLS). Furthermore, each aphid species employs a different strategy for tolerating plant defensive chemistry; GPA excretes glucosinolates while CA sequesters these toxic compounds. Given these different detoxification mechanisms, it is possible that both feeding location and aphid species may affect prey suitability for Hippodamia convergens larvae. We conducted a factorial laboratory experiment to evaluate whether one or both factors impacted predator fitness. We hypothesized that plant structures with higher GLS concentrations will negatively affect the development and survival of immature predators, which will also vary based on prey detoxification strategies. Results confirm that when predators fed on either aphid species reared on canola structures having lower GLS concentrations, development was faster than when they fed on aphids reared on structures having higher GLS. Although predators consumed more GPA than CA, consumption rates did not differ between rearing location for GPA, but fewer CA were consumed when reared on reproductive canola parts. These findings suggest that: 1) plant-mediated differences in prey quality exist for canola aphids; 2) the type of adaptation used by aphids to overcome plant defenses have important consequences for prey suitability; and 3) reduced feeding by H. convergens larvae on unsuitable prey may offset deleterious effects of plant defenses against aphid pests. By evaluating source-sink dynamics at the plant level, we can further understand trophic interactions involving plant defenses and how these interactions may influence community dynamics and structure.

scholarly journals Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bin Shi ◽  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zheng ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

STUDY REGARDING THE APHIDOFAGOUS FAUNA STRUCTURE IN THE PEACH ORCHARDS FROM CONSTANTA COUNTY IN 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Andrei Chiriloaie-Palade ◽  
Mădălina Radulea ◽  
Gheorghe Lămureanu ◽  
Ștefan Ion Mocanu ◽  
Maria Iamandei
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Management System ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Predatory Insect ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Aphid Populations

"The cosmopolitan aphid species Myzus persicae is a key pest of peach orchards in south and southeastern Romania. The phenomenon of resistance induced by the intensive use of insecticides is a matter of concern for farmers and protectionists, making necessary integrated measure for the control of this pest. Conservation of natural enemy’s populations is an essential component of any management system proposed for pest aphids. The aim of the study was to determine the structure of predatory insects associated with Myzus persicae populations in peach orchards. The research was carried out in three orchards from two localities from Constanta County, in peach plantations with Springcrest variety aged 7, 11 and 12 years. As a result of this study, there were determined a total of 15 predatory insect species belonging to eight systematic families: Coccinellidae, Chrysopidae, Hemerobiidae, Syrphydae, Cecidomyiidae, Panorpidae, Nabidae and Forficulidae, which naturally contribute to the reduction of the green peach aphid populations. "

The role of the color of the substratum on the initiation of the probing behavior in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Probing Behavior

Twenty-five colors were evaluated for their effect on the initiation of probing behavior in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The proportion of aphids of both species initiating probing behavior was maximum on green, yellow, or orange and lowest on purple, blue, white, or black. The time taken by individual aphids to begin probing was shorter for M. persicae than for M. euphorbiae but was essentially unaffected by colors. A larger proportion of both aphid species probed on the lower surface of potato (var. Kathadin) leaflet compared with the upper surface. The proportion of aphids initiating probing was the same on the lower surface of a potato leaf and on paper similar in color, indicating that the color of the substratum is determinant in the initiation of feeding for those aphids.

Characterization of resistance to multiple aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) inMedicago truncatula

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.-L. Gao ◽  
R. Horbury ◽  
R.M. Nair ◽  
K.B. Singh ◽  
O.R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Phloem Feeding

AbstractAphids are phloem-feeding insects that damage many important crops throughout the world yet, compared to plant–pathogen interactions, little is known about the mechanisms by which plants become resistant to aphids.Medicago truncatula(barrel medic) is widely considered as the pre-eminent model legume for genetic and biological research and in Australia is an important pasture species. Six cultivars ofM. truncatulawith varying levels of resistance to two pests of pasture and forage legumes, the bluegreen aphidAcyrthosiphon kondoiShinji and the spotted alfalfa aphidTherioaphis trifoliif.maculata. (Buckton) are investigated. Two resistance phenotypes againstT. trifoliif.maculataare described, one of which is particularly effective, killing most aphids within 24 h of infestation. Each resistance phenotype provided a similar but somewhat less effective degree of resistance to the closely-related spotted clover aphidTherioaphis trifolii(Monell). In the case ofA. kondoionly one resistance phenotype was observed, which did not vary among different genetic backgrounds. None of the observed resistance againstA. kondoiorT. trifoliif.maculatasignificantly affected the performance of green peach aphidMyzus persicae(Sulzer) or cowpea aphidAphis craccivoraKoch. The existence of multiple aphid resistance mechanisms in similar genetic backgrounds of this model plant provides a unique opportunity to characterize the fundamental basis of plant defence to these serious agricultural pests.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on predation by Tasmanian lacewing larvae

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 244-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Islam ◽  
R.B. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fluctuating Temperature ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Constant And Fluctuating Temperature

A laboratory study investigated the predation and development rates of Tasmanian lacewing larvae (Micromus tasmaniae) under constant and fluctuating temperature regimes Larval development and consumption of second instar cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) increased linearly with constant temperatures between 1030C Under fluctuating daily temperatures (1025C) development and consumption rates were equivalent to those found at a constant 25C Larvae consumed more aphids during later instars and a maximum consumption rate of approximately 10 aphids per day was recorded Some aspects of larval behaviour are described

Host plants of the home invading nuisance pest, Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis (Fabricius, 1801) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in agribelts of South India

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Aswathi P ◽  
Sabu Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
South India ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Senescent Leaf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Tender Leaf

Presence of home invading nuisance pest Luprops tristis (Fabricius, 1801) in nonrubber belts and its generalist feeding behavior lead to assessment of its feeding preference on the leaves of common litter contributing plants in agribelts in south India. Bioassays with leaves of 17 plants namely, cashew, cassia, cocoa, flowering murdah golden flame tree, Indian-beech, Indian kino, jackfruit, macaranga, mahogany, mango, mexican lilac, raintree, rubber, tamarind, teak and wild jack were carried out. General bias towards tender leaves of most plants was distinct. Based on Leaf age related variation in feeding rates, host plant were categorised as tender leaf preferred, both tender and senescent leaves preferred and senescent leaf preferred. Based on leaf consumption rates, host plants were broadly categorized as most preferred, moderately preferred, low preferred and least preferred, and its implications are discussed. Aggressive feeding on leaves of many plants abundant in non-rubber agriculture belts necessitates their monitoring in the litter stands of the cited plants in non-rubber belts for preventing its establishment as uncontrollable nuisance pest across south India.

scholarly journals The Importance of an Invasive Aphid Species in Vectoring a Persistently Transmitted Potato Virus: Aphis glycines Is a Vector of Potato leafroll virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Davis ◽  
E. B. Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Potato Leafroll Virus ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Soybean Aphid ◽  
Aphis Glycines ◽  
Electrical Penetration Graph ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Leafroll Virus

Experiments were undertaken to determine soybean aphid (i) landing rates in potato fields, (ii) population dynamics on potato, (iii) feeding behavior compared with green peach aphid on potato using the electrical penetration graph technique (EPG), (iv) acquisition, retention, and transmission of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), and (v) if soybean aphid–infested crop borders could increase PLRV spread in seed potato. Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) landed on potato but failed to establish colonies. EPG showed no significant differences between the aphid species in preprobe, xylem phase, sieve element salivation, and phloem sap ingestion durations on potato. Soybean aphid acquired PLRV 78% of the time, and 75 and 70% of individual aphids retained infectivity after 72 and 144 h, respectively. Soybean aphid transmitted PLRV to susceptible potato with 6 to 9% efficiency. Prior to the invasion of this exotic pest, soybean borders were commonly used in Minnesota and North Dakota to protect seed potato against spread of Potato virus Y. In 2002 and 2004, PLRV incidence was not different in potatoes with soybean borders whether treated with insecticide or not. In 2005, with extreme soybean aphid pressure, potatoes with untreated (no insecticide) borders had significantly greater PLRV spread. This is the first report of soybean aphid transmitting PLRV.

Comparative propensity for dispersal of apterous and alate morphs of three potato-colonizing aphid species

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1396-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Boiteau
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Flight Chamber ◽  
Aphis Nasturtii ◽  
Potato Aphids

The relative ability of apterous and alate morphs of aphids to disperse from one potato leaflet to another was similar within species. Three species were tested: the buckthorn aphid, Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach, the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The average percentage of aphids moving daily from one leaflet to another never exceeded 2.5% for nymphs of the three species, but reached 45% for the adult winged buckthorn aphid. During the first half of the reproductive period, adult potato aphids were 1.5 times as likely as buckthorn aphids and twice as likely as green peach aphids to relocate daily. In a flight chamber, buckthorn aphids flew 4.5 times longer than green peach or potato aphids. The maiden flights of these summer forms were interrupted by repeated landings lasting less than 2 min. The maiden flights were interrupted more than twice as often for the buckthorn aphid as for the potato aphid. The number of flight interruptions was intermediate for the green peach aphid. Selected dispersal parameters for these aphid species are compared with those for the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, an occasional potato-colonizing species. The percentage of green peach and potato aphids taking flight was significantly correlated with the temperature in the flight chamber. The implication of these results for the distribution of aphid populations and the epidemiology of viral diseases is discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document